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1、2020學年人教版英語精品資料
Period 3 Grammar
1.掌握構詞法的知識,使學生學會根據(jù)詞的結構辨別詞類、理解詞義。
2.了解英語詞匯的特點,逐步掌握英語詞匯學習的策略。
1.采取小組搶答的方式,看看哪個小組能夠說出最多不同類型的構詞。
2.通過游戲活躍課堂氣氛,使學生充滿興趣地去進行小組合作和探究討論,掌握不同的合成詞的構成方式。
重點單詞
1. n.地點;位置
2. vi.解決;定居
重點語法
構詞法
自我核對
重點單詞:
1.situat
2、ion 2.settle
品句填空
1.They have (success)in sending every one of the satellites into space.
2.The adventurer (冒險者) gave a (friend)smile to all those who came to greet him.
3.You must do the exercise (care).
4.It will be (difficulty) to drive a motor car through
3、 such a storm.
5.English is (wide) used in the world.
6.The boy showed great (brave) in fighting the enemy.
7.He was so (kindness) that he gave me many storybooks.
8.The book had been (sale) out when I got to the bookstore.
9.The Frenchmen went to a
4、 (chemical) shop to get some medicine for his cough.
10.The book is very .I am in it.(interest)
【答案】1.succeeded 2.friendly 3.carefully 4.difficult
5.widely 6.bravery 7.kind 8.sold 9.chemist 10.interesting; interested
1.settle
閱讀下列句子,注意settle的意思及用法。
He helped us
5、settle the problem.他幫助我們解決了這個問題。
He and his family settled in New York in 1995.1995年他和家人定居紐約。
The account hasnt been settled.賬還沒有結算。
通過觀察以上句子,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)settle作動詞,意思是“ ”。
【答案】解決;定居;結算
settle down 定居下來
settle in 安頓好
settle up 結賬
settle on 就……達成協(xié)議
settle down to 著手認真做
6、
單項填空
Mr Johnson always carries a notebook, in which he everything that happens.
A.sets down B.settles down
C.comes down D.breaks down
【答案與解析】A 句意:約翰遜先生總是(隨身)帶著筆記本,在本子上記下所發(fā)生的一切。set down“寫下”,符合語境。settle down“定居”;come down“倒塌;敗落”;break down“拆散;損壞;失敗”。
2.advance
閱讀下列句子,注意
7、advance的意思及用法。
Our troops have advanced two miles.我們的部隊已經(jīng)前進了兩英里。
The date of the meeting was advanced from 10 to 3 June.會議日期已由6月10日提前到6月3日。
Galileos ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived.伽利略的思想遠遠超越了他所生活的時代。
通過觀察以上句子,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)advance可作動詞,意思是“(1) ”;也可作名詞,意思是“(2) ”。
8、160;
【答案】(1)前進;提前 (2)預先;超越
advance on / towards sb / sth 向某人 / 物前進
in advance預先;提前
in advance of在……前面;超過
單項填空
When we got to the cinema, there were no tickets left.We should have booked .
A.in return B.in advance
C.in silence D.in public
【答案與解析】B 句意:當我們到電影院時,票已經(jīng)賣完了。我們本應該
9、提前訂票的。in advance“預先;提前”,符合句意。
構詞法
英語的構詞法主要有轉化法、派生法和合成法。轉化法是把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變的方法。本講主要講述派生法和合成法。
一、派生法
在詞根前面加前綴或在詞根后面加后綴構成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫派生法。
1.前綴
表示否定意義的前綴常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等,在單詞的前面加這類前綴常構成與該詞意義相反的新詞。
appear出現(xiàn)→disappear消失
correct正確的→incorrect不正確的
lead帶領
10、→mislead誤導
stop停下→non-stop不停的;不停地
2.后綴
后綴通常會改變單詞的詞性,構成意義相近的其他詞性;少數(shù)后綴還會改變詞義,變?yōu)榕c原來詞義相反的新詞。
●構成名詞的后綴常用的有-ence, -(e)r / -or (從事某事的人), -ese (某地人), -ess (雌性), -ful (狀態(tài)), -ian (精通……的人), -ist (專業(yè)人員), -ment (性質;狀態(tài)), -ness (性質;狀態(tài)), -tion(動作;過程)等。
differ不同于→difference區(qū)別
write寫→writer作家
Japan日本→Japanese日
11、本人
act表演→actress女演員
mouth口→mouthful一口
music音樂→musician音樂家
●構成動詞的后綴常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容詞之后),-fy (使……化),-ize (使……成為)。
wide寬的→widen加寬
beauty美→beautify美化
pure純的→purify提純
real真實的→realize意識到
organ器官;機構→organize組織
●構成形容詞的后綴常用的有-al, -able (有能力的), -(a)n(某國人的), -en (多用于表示材料的名詞后), -ern (方向的), -ese(某國人的)
12、, -ful, -(ic)al, -ish, -ive, -less (表示否定), -like (像……的), -ly, -ous, -some, -y (表示天氣)等。
nature自然→natural自然的
reason道理→reasonable有道理的
America美國→American美國的
China中國→Chinese中國人的
gold金子→golden金子般的
east東→eastern東方的
child孩子→childish孩子氣的
snow雪→snowy雪的
●構成副詞的常用后綴有-ly(主要用于形容詞之后表示方式或程度), -ward(s)(主要用于表
13、示方位的詞之后表示方向)。
angry生氣的→angrily生氣地
to到→towards朝……;向……
east東方→eastward向東
二、合成法
即把兩個單詞連在一起合成一個新詞,前一個修飾或限定后一個。常見的有下面兩種形式:
1.合成名詞
構成方式
例詞
名詞 / 形容詞 / 介詞 / 代詞 / 現(xiàn)在分詞 / 動詞 + 名詞
blackboard (黑板),weekend (周末),gentleman (紳士),afternoon (下午),she-wolf (母狼),flying-fish (飛魚),typewriter (打字機)
名詞 / 副詞 + 動
14、詞
daybreak (黎明),outbreak (爆發(fā))
名詞 + 動名詞
handwriting書法,sun-bathing日光浴
名詞 + 及物動詞 + er / or
pain-killer (止痛藥)
名詞 + 介詞 + 名詞
editor-in-chief (總編),mother-in-law (婆婆;岳母)
過去分詞 + 副詞
grown-up (成年人)
2.合成形容詞
構成方式
例詞
名詞 + 形容詞
snow-white (雪白的)
名詞 / 副詞 / 形容詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞
English-speaking (講英語的),hard-wor
15、king (勤勞的),good-looking (相貌好看的)
名詞 / 副詞 + 過去分詞
man-made (人造),well-known (著名的)
數(shù)詞 / 副詞 / 介詞 + 名詞
one-way (單行的),fast-food (專門提供快餐服務的),downhill (下坡的)
數(shù)詞 + 名詞 + 形容詞
two-year-old (兩歲的)
數(shù)詞 + 名詞 + ed
five-storeyed (五層的)
動詞 + 副詞
see-through (透明的)
形容詞 + 名詞
high-class (高級的)
形容詞 + 名詞 + ed
noble-m
16、inded (高尚的)
形容詞 / 副詞 + 形容詞
light-blue (淺藍色的),ever-green (常青的)
單項填空
(1)Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his one.
A.better-known B.well-known
C.best-known D.most-known
【答案與解析】C 句意:談到他寫的所有歌,我認為這首是最有名的。best-known“最有名的”,符合句意。
17、易誤選B項,well-known“著名的”,無比較含義。
(2)Many students signed up for the race in the sports meeting to be held next week.
A.800-metre-long B.800-metres-long
C.800 metre length D.800 metres length
【答案與解析】A 800-metre-long是由“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”構成的復合形容詞,其中的名詞只能用單數(shù)形式。
(3)We have two in our town and a
18、new chemical is to open soon.
A.ironworks; works B.ironworks; work
C.ironwork; work D.ironwork; works
【答案與解析】A works“工廠”,可構成許多復合名詞,通常用復數(shù)形式但作單數(shù)看待,謂語動詞可用單數(shù)也可用復數(shù)。
(4)The teacher made me for keeping the class in order while she went out.
A.responsible B.responsibly
C.respond
19、D.responsive
【答案與解析】A responsible“負責的”,形容詞在句中作賓語補足語。
(5)She looked up and smiled as he came in.
A.pleased B.pleasant
C.pleasure D.pleasantly
【答案與解析】D 副詞pleasantly修飾謂語動詞smiled。題中所給四個選項皆由動詞please“使?jié)M意;使高興”轉化而來,但意思不同。
用所給詞的適當形式填空
1.John is an (athlete) boy.He is good at running
20、.
2.A (translate) is someone who changes writing or speech into a different language.
3.If something is (worth), it is important or useful, or you gain something from it.
4. (change) means unlikely to change or changing often.
5.To (like) is to think someone
21、 or something is unpleasant and not like them.
6.It is a physical (impossible) to be in two places at once.
7.The mad man looked cross and (friend).
8.Any (understand) can resolve itself into a quarrel.
9.The play was (amuse) written, but its subject was a ser
22、ious one.
10.He applied for (admit) to the university.
11.His work was criticized for its poverty of (imagine).
12.After arguing for hours, we finally reached a (settle).
13.Here, they have been using the sports (equip) offering from China.
14.I am not
23、 shy about talking to men I find (attract).
【答案】1.athletic 2.translator 3.worthwhile
4.Unchangeable 5.dislike 6.impossibility 7.unfriendly 8.misunderstanding 9.amusingly 10.admission 11.imagination
12.settlement 13.equipment 14.attractive
●溫馨貼士
本課時的核心部分為構詞法,知識要點圖解如下: