全自動硬幣清點捆扎機設計【硬幣清分打包包裝】【硬幣分揀機-分選機設計】
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(論文)開題報告
系(部): 專業(yè)班級:
姓名
學號
指導
教師
職稱
學歷
課題名稱
全自動硬幣清點捆扎機
畢業(yè)設計(論文)類型(劃√)
工程設計
應用研究
開發(fā)研究
基礎研究
其他
√
一、 本課題的研究目的和意義:
大面值貨幣電子化、小面值貨幣硬幣化是世界各國貨幣發(fā)行的趨勢。在銀行自動售貨機、公交車等一些特殊部門要對大量的硬幣進行高效的處理,如計數(shù)、分類、包裝等以使其再流通,無人售票車、投幣電話等需要對硬幣進行實時識別。
研究本課題可以極大的方便我們的生活,提高工作效率,全自動硬幣清點捆扎機能夠?qū)Υ罅康挠矌胚M行高速計數(shù)和捆扎,并且還具有一定的清分功能,是一種實用高效的產(chǎn)品。
二、 文獻綜述(國內(nèi)外研究情況及其發(fā)展):
硬幣清分機至今已有30年的歷史,發(fā)展到今天,硬幣清分機已具有可靠的傳動系統(tǒng)和先進的計數(shù)清分功能,其智能化的設計為解決硬幣清點的困難提供了完美的選擇。由于國外硬幣清分機發(fā)展比較早,其技術(shù)也較為成熟。硬幣清分機的傳動系統(tǒng)技術(shù)具有低噪聲、傳動平穩(wěn)、、性能可靠等優(yōu)點;計數(shù)功能采用光敏傳感器,有功能齊全,操作更簡便等優(yōu)點;采用數(shù)字顯示屏,進行可視化設計,全面顯示硬幣的數(shù)量等信息。硬幣清分機國內(nèi)生產(chǎn):在國內(nèi),清華大學、北京科技大學、上海交通大學、杭州電子科技大學、蘇州大學、福州大學等多家單位均對如何進行正確的硬幣識別做過深入研究,在機理上普遍采用電渦流法。這些單位的研究在可能涉及的硬幣范圍內(nèi)取得了較好的效果,但對硬幣的鑒別都局限于項目本身,存在不系統(tǒng)、不完整,對偽幣效果識別不好等問題。綜合來看,當今國內(nèi)外硬幣清分裝置,或者設計原理簡單,抗振動、抗電磁干擾能力差,識別偽幣能力差;要么制造復雜、價格昂貴、缺少實用價值。
三、 本課題的主要研究內(nèi)容(提綱)和成果形式:
1、 全自動硬幣清點捆扎機采用物理技術(shù)進行清分,設計原理簡單,能對國內(nèi)新版硬幣進行快速清分,但不具備辯偽功能。
2、 該機器可以實現(xiàn)對硬幣個數(shù)定量的進行清分捆扎。
3、機器可以將硬幣的清分和捆扎一次性完成,省略中途人為操作的麻煩。
四、 擬解決的關(guān)鍵問題:
1. 如何避免一次送進過多硬幣造成機器的堵塞和不流暢。
2. 選擇合適的方法或者原理對硬幣進行計數(shù)。
3.如何選擇對硬幣更加美觀,高效,省料的捆扎方法。
五、 研究思路、方法和步驟:
(1) 首先要對全自動硬幣清點捆扎機要有整體的構(gòu)思,通過各種途徑了解全自動硬幣清點捆扎機的發(fā)展從硬幣的放入,分類,計數(shù),再到捆扎構(gòu)思出需要用到的機構(gòu)和原理。
(二)、因為一次性可能需要放入大量的混雜的硬幣,所以設計成振動料斗,在振動料斗的作用下使硬幣在進入滑道前排列定向依次進入滑道,在滑道上開有小槽,使不和規(guī)格的硬幣落入下面的槽中。
(三)、該機器采用光敏傳感器作為基本傳感器進行硬幣的計數(shù),在硬幣進槽的途中放置光電三極管作為檢測元件。當硬幣通過時,接收端會收到光信號,并且通過LED數(shù)碼顯示管將計數(shù)結(jié)果顯示出來。
(四)、最后的捆扎采用的是塑料薄膜對已經(jīng)分好的成堆硬幣進行纏繞,然后通過熱封薄膜的作用進行固定。
六、 本課題的進度安排:
1. 開題報告
2. 進行實地調(diào)查,收集數(shù)據(jù)
3. 實驗數(shù)據(jù)分析整理
4. 翻譯英文文獻
5. 繪制圖紙
6.編寫說明書
參考文獻:
[1] 成大先. 機械設計手冊 單行版 機械傳動[M].北京:化工工業(yè)出版社,2004:4-5.
[2] 成大先. 機械設計手冊 單行版 軸及其聯(lián)接[M].北京:化工工業(yè)出版社,2004:17.
[3] 成大先. 機械設計手冊 單行版 軸承[M].北京:化工工業(yè)出版社,2004:23-24.
[4] 劉筱霞. 包裝機械與設備 .北京:化工工業(yè)出版社,2012.6.
[5](美)斯克萊特,(美)奇羅尼斯 編,鄒平 譯. 機械設計實用機構(gòu)與裝置圖冊
.機械工業(yè)出版社 ,2007.4.
七、 指導老師意見:
指導老師(簽名):
年 月 日
八、 系(部)意見:
系(部)主任(簽名):
年 月 日
注:本表可續(xù)頁
2.2.6 振動料斗中硬幣的排列定向
振動料斗中的硬幣在進入滑道前需在振動料斗中排列定向,保證一個接一個有序地進入滑道,因此應在振動料斗中設計擋片,擋片是可調(diào)的,便于選別不同規(guī)格硬幣,設計不同的擋片,使沿料槽只能使規(guī)格相同的一種硬幣通過。順著料槽的能順利進入滑道(從上往下滑),進入槽式振動送料機后,在槽上開有小槽,使不和規(guī)格的硬幣落入下面的槽中,從而進行硬幣的二次分選,使硬幣的分選更徹底。 排列定向示意圖如圖所示:
開槽的順序(從小到大,從上到下) 一角,五角,一元。
以1元硬幣的滑道為例,滑道的視圖和具體尺寸如下所示:
自動包裝機構(gòu)
4.1 硬幣自動分選計量機械設計的包裝原理
(1) 硬幣經(jīng)過振動送料機的兩次分選后經(jīng)過滑道直接滑入裝幣筒中?;郎弦惭b光電記數(shù)裝置和電磁鐵隔板防滿裝置,光電記數(shù)裝置是用來控制硬幣滑入幣筒的數(shù)量,每次記數(shù)為50枚。電磁鐵隔板的作用是防滿,每次滑入幣筒的硬幣如果滿了,電磁鐵隔板就擋在滑道上,使硬幣不再滑入幣筒。
(2)幣筒的高度正好等于五十枚硬幣的高度,我所設計的硬幣自動分選包裝機要分選出1元、5毛、1毛的硬幣,應設計好幣筒的高度,所以分選出的硬幣分別裝入三個不同高度的硬幣筒,分別是1元硬幣筒的高度為100mm,5角硬幣筒的高度為75mm,1角硬幣筒的高度也是75mm。裝幣筒的作用就是裝分選出來的硬幣,是硬幣的整理過程。
(3)絲杠頂桿是有電動機帶動齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動,從而帶動絲杠螺母做上下往復運動,從而完成頂桿頂硬幣的動作。每次裝滿50枚硬幣,絲杠向下運動一次,將硬幣頂下,絲杠回轉(zhuǎn)。頂桿裝置的作用是頂硬幣,由于硬幣落入幣筒中可能有不平整的,用頂桿使之平整,還有就是使堆好的硬幣在機械手張開的時候用頂桿將硬幣頂入機械手的下面,然后頂桿向上運動,機械手再一次夾緊,使落下的硬幣上面封好,完成一次包裝。在封好落下的硬幣的上部的時候也就是對下一次包裝硬幣的底部的封接。這樣往復運動,從而完成一次硬幣的記數(shù),包裝。
(4)塑料薄膜固定在軸承座上,伸長的部分要包在幣筒的外面,下面要長出幣筒,用機械手夾緊熱封,在幣筒的側(cè)面用一個橫向封接器完成熱封薄膜的作用。每次硬幣裝滿50個,熱封器自動熱封一次。
(5)機械手主要是由電動機帶動齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動,通過電動機的正轉(zhuǎn)和反轉(zhuǎn),從而使機械手做夾緊和張開運動。
The worlds Latest Mechanical Design Conceptssource:China Science and Technology JournalAbstract:According to scholars at home and abroad to carry out mechanicaldesign product design features of the main ideas, product design method of theprogramsummarizedassystematic,modularstructure,basedonproductcharacteristics of knowledge and wisdom. The characteristics of these methods andtheir organic connection between them and put forward to achieve the computerproduct design direction.Key words: Mechanical Product Design MethodDevelopment Trends Design documents will be Semantic Web as a design tool inthe design of its Semantic Web activity of the development of ASK, using nodes andlines to describe the design a network, nodes that components of the cell (such asdesign tasks, functions, components or processing equipment, etc. ), used to adjust thelines and definitions between nodes of different semantic relations, thus the designprocess all the activities and results of pre-built models so that the definition of theearly design requirements to the specific description of each structure can be definedby the relationship between the expression, achieved a computer-aided design process,the leap from the abstract to the concrete.Asystematic design methodThe main features of a systematic design method are: the design as designed by anumber of elements of a system, the independence of each design elements, eachelement of an organic link between the existence of, and is layered, with all the designelements , you can design systems to achieve the required task.Systematic design idea in the 70s by the German scholar Professor Pahl andBeitz, the system based on the theory they developed a general pattern of the design,advocacy design work should have organized. German Engineers Association, on thebasis of this design concept to develop a standard VDI2221 technology systems andproduct development design methods.1.The user needs functional characteristics as a product concept, structuredesign and part design, process planning, job control, etc. based on the macro fromthe product development process of starting the use of quality function deploymentmethod and system to user demand information reasonably and efficiently convertedto the various stages of product development, technical goals and operational controlprocedures method.2.The level of the product life of the organism as a system, and means ofliving systems theory, the product design process can be divided into successfulhierarchy of needs to achieve the functional requirements of the conceptual level andproduct level of the specific design. At the same time life-support systems used toexpress the abstract icons of the product functional requirements, system structureformation of product features.3.The mechanical design of the application of systems science into two basicquestions: First, to be designed as a system dealing with the products, the best way todetermine its component parts (modules) and their mutual relations1; is the productdesign process as a system, according to design objectives, a correct and reasonablydetermine the various aspects of the design work and various design stage.Because each designers point of research questions and to consider the questionof emphasis, to design a specific research methods used is also different. Here aresome representative of the systematic design methods.4.Design Element MethodWith the five design elements (functions, effects, effects vector, shape, elements,and surface parameters) describe the product solutions that a product to determinethe value of the five design elements, the product of all the features and characteristicsof the value of i.e. determined. Scholars in China have adopted similar methodsdesigned to describe the products original understanding.5.Graphic modeling methodAnd developed a design analysis and guidance systems KALEIT, with thelevel of clear graphic description of a products functional structure and its associatedabstract information, to the system structure and function relationship of graphicalmodeling, and functional connection between the layers 2.Assistance will be designed to be divided into two aspects of methodology andexchange of information using the Nijssen Information Analysis Method can be usedgraphic symbols, with a rich semantic model structure, can be described as integrationconditions, can be divided into types of constraints can be achieved in relationsbetween any combination of characteristics , the design method to solve integrationand information technology to realize the design process of information betweendifferent abstraction layers between the graphical modeling.6.Concept - Design methodProducts design is divided into concept and design in two stages. Conceptphase of the task is to find, choose and mix to meet the requirements of the originalunderstanding of design tasks. Design stage of work is a concrete realization of theoriginal understanding of the conceptual stage.Of the programs idea of specific described as: In accordance with theappropriate functional structure, seeking to meet the design requirements of theoriginal understanding of the task. The functional structure of the sub-function isperformed by the structural elements to achieve, and structural elements of thephysical connection between the definition of a feature vector, feature vector andstructural elements further the interaction between the formation of the functionaldiagram ( mechanical diagram). The program design is based on functional diagram,the first qualitative description of all of the feature vector and structural elements,and then quantitatively describe all the structural elements and the connection parts( feature vectors), the shape and location to be structure diagram3. Roper, H. usinggraph theory, by means of which he defines as the total design unit (GE), structuralelements (KE), functional structural elements (FKE), connect structural elements(VKE), Structural Parts (KT), structure element part (KET) concepts, as well asdescribe the structure element size, location, and transmission parameters of theinteractions between a number of kinds of schematics, the intuitive designprofessionals have done a formal design method a description of the formation of aneffective application of existing knowledge, methods, and applied to ideas anddesign stage.7.Bond Graph MethodFunction of the composition of system components will be divided into produceenergy, consumed energy, changing energy forms, such as various types of energytransfer, and to use bond graphs to express the function component solution, hoping tofunction-based model and bond graph combine to achieve functional structure theautomatic generation and functional structure with the bond graph automaticconversion between the search for bond graph generated by a number of designmethods.To promote the product on the basis of functional analysis, the product has somefeatures broken down into one or several modular basic structure, by selection andcombination of the basic structure of these modular form into different products.These basic structures can be parts, components, or even a system.The structure should have a standardized interface (connection and co-operationdepartment),andisserialized,universal,integrated,hierarchical,agile,economic-oriented, with interchangeability, compatibility and relevance. Chinascombination of software component technology and CAD technology, variant designcombined with the modular design, according to modular principle of classification,will be divided into descending Machining Center Machine Tool product level,component level, component level and component level, and use expert knowledgeand CAD technology to combine them into different species, different specificationsof functional blocks, and then by the combination of these functions into differentmodules of the overall program processing center.To design a directory as an alternative variation of the mechanical structure ofthe tool, the solution proposed by the design elements of a complete, structured layout,the formation of the solution set design catalogs. And in the solution set designed tocomment on each one listed in the directory solution additional information, is verybeneficial to design engineers select solution elements.The vigorous development of network technology, collaborative design andmanufacturing, as well as the product from the users functional requirements design processing assembly finished product of this realization of concurrentengineering possible. However, an important prerequisite to achieve these goals oneof the conditions is to realize the effect of product design three-dimensionalvisualization. To this end, three-dimensional graphics software, more and moreintelligent design software programs used in the product design, virtual realitytechnology and multimedia, hypermedia tools for product design is also its first debut.At present, Germany and other developed countries are focused on researchhypermedia technology, product data exchange standard STEP, as well as standardvirtual reality modeling language based on a standard exchange format for virtualenvironments) in the product design applications.Mechanical product design is moving in computer-aided realization of intelligentdesign and to meet the needs of distributed collaborative design and manufacture ofdirection, due to the computer product design Study on the implementation startedlate, not yet mature, to achieve the above objectives program design tools4. Authorbelieves that the integrated use of paper, four types of design method is an effectiveway to achieve this goal. Although the integrated use of these methods are moreinvolved in the field, not only with the mechanical design of the field-relatedknowledge, but also to the systems engineering theory, artificial intelligence theory,computer hardware and software engineering, network technology areas such asdomain knowledge, it is still product design must be working for. Abroad in researchin this area has achieved initial success, our scholars have been aware of CAD designtechnology and the importance of international exchange and cooperation, and itsmeasures to be taken.Feature-based design methodology of knowledge The main features are: using acomputer can identify the language to describe the characteristics of the product andits design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to establish the appropriateknowledge base and inference engine, re-use of stored domain knowledge and theestablishment of the inference mechanism to bring computer-aided product design.The mechanical system design is mainly based on the characteristics of a product,and design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to push volume anddecision-making, the completion of body type, the number of synthesis. To achievethis stage of computer-aided design, must study the automatic acquisition ofknowledge, expression, integration, coordination, management and use. To this end,the design and scholars at home and abroad program for the mechanical systemdesign knowledge of the automated processing done a lot of research work, theapproach can be summarized into the following several.
說明書和全套二維三維圖紙
設計說明書(或論文)不少于15000 字;另外,翻譯英文資料不少于5000 漢字。
設計類的題目至少完成二張半0號圖紙(其中一張裝配圖要求手繪);
幣種
材質(zhì)
直徑(mm)
重量 (g)
厚度(mm)
邊形
形狀
發(fā)行年份
中國第三套普通流通硬幣
菊花1角
鋁鎂合金
22.5
2.2.
2.4
平邊
外圓內(nèi)九邊形
1991-1999
梅花5角
銅鋅合金
20.5
3.8
1.65
間斷絲齒
圓形
1991-2001
牡丹1元
鋼芯鍍鎳
25
6.05
1.85
平邊
圓形
1991-1999
中國第四套普通流通硬幣
蘭花1角
鋁鎂合金
19
1.15
1.67
平邊
圓形
1999-2003
不銹鋼
19
3.2
1.67
平邊
圓形
2005-2011
荷花5角
鋼芯鍍銅
20.5
3.8
1.65
間斷絲齒
圓形
2002-2011
菊花1元
鋼芯鍍鎳
25
6.05
1.85
平邊
圓形
1999-2011
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