2020高中英語人教版 必修2教師用書：unit 1 cultural relics SectionⅣ GrammarWriting Word版含答案

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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語精品資料 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing　　 一、限制性定語從句 定語從句對先行詞具有限制作用，使該詞的含義更具體、更明確，這種定語從句被稱為限制性定語從句，這類從句不能省掉，否則句意就不完整。 The boy (who/whom/that) I taught yesterday was very clever. 我昨天教的那個小男孩很聰明。 I was the only person in our class that was praised by the headmaster a

2、t the meeting. 我是我們班唯一一個在會議上受到校長表揚的人。 I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want. 我?guī)闳ヒ患页?，在那里你能找到你想要的一切東西。 1 ①(江西高考改編)Among the many dangers which/that sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog. ②(湖南高考改編)I am looking forward to the day when my

3、daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 二、非限制性定語從句 定語從句有時與先行詞的關(guān)系不是十分密切，只是作附加說明，不起限制作用，這種從句被稱為非限制性定語從句，往往用逗號把這類從句與主句分開。 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into mouth. 她聽到一聲巨響，這把她的心提到了嗓子眼上。 This is our headmaster, who I think has something important to tell you.

4、 這是我們的校長，我認為他有一些重要事情要告訴你。 That is his room, whose window faces south. 那是他的房間，房間的窗戶朝南。 2 ①(北京高考改編)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me. ②(浙江高考改編)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, who,_for some reason, had withdrawn fro

5、m all human society. 三、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別 1．形式不同 限制性定語從句和主句之間不用逗號隔開；非限制性定語從句必須用逗號和主句隔開。 Mr Smith, who came to see me yesterday, is one of my best friends.(非限制性定語從句) 昨天來看我的史密斯先生是我的一位好朋友。 I will never forget the day when we worked together.(限制性定語從句) 我永遠不會忘記我們在一起工作的日子。 3 ①(四川高考改編)Until now, w

6、e have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected. ②(山東高考改編)A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. 2．先行詞不同 限制性定語從句的先行詞只能是一個名詞或代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個詞，也可以是一句話。試比較： This is the best novel that I have ever read. 這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的小

7、說。(先行詞是novel) The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting. 這是我昨天晚上看過的小說，非常有意思。(先行詞為novel) The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad. 這部小說很有意思，這讓我很高興。(先行詞為“The novel is very interesting”) 4 ①(天津高考改編)We have launched another man­made satellite, which is announced i

8、n today’s newspaper. ②(安徽高考改編)The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 3．關(guān)系詞的使用情況不同 不同點 限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句 使用的關(guān)系詞不同 可用that，why 引導(dǎo) 不可用that，why，要用for which 代替why 關(guān)系詞的省略情況不同 關(guān)系代詞作賓語時可省略 所有關(guān)系詞均不可省略 The house (that/which) I bought last month has got a

9、beautiful garden. 我上個月買的那幢房子有一個漂亮的花園。 Can you tell me the reason why he was absent yesterday? 你能告訴我他昨天缺席的原因嗎？ This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about. 這就是我們正談?wù)摰哪莻€人。 [點津]　在限制性定語從句中，先行詞指人時，關(guān)系代詞可用who, that或whom。但在非限制性定語從句中，先行詞指人時，關(guān)系代詞只能用who或whom。 I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我

10、有個姐姐，她是個醫(yī)生。 四、as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時的區(qū)別 1．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，先行詞一般為整個主句；而which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，先行詞既可以是整個主句，又可以是主句的一部分。 2．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的從句位置比較靈活，可位于先行詞之前、之中和之后，而which引導(dǎo)的從句僅能位于先行詞之后。 3．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)從句時常譯為“正如”，而which常譯為“這；那”。常用句型有：as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected等。 He did the experiment s

11、uccessfully, as had been expected. 正如期望的那樣，他實驗做得非常成功。 He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected. 他實驗失敗了，這是沒有料到的。 As we all know, paper was first made in China. 正如大家所知，紙是中國發(fā)明的。 Ⅰ.用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空 1．I shall never forget those years when I lived in the country with the farmers, which ha

12、s a great effect on my life. 2．His parents wouldn’t marry her to anyone whose family was poor. 3．Sometimes the earthquake is so violent that it can destroy the whole city, as happened in Tangshan in 1976. 4．My most famous relative of all, the one who really left his mark on America, was Rob Susse

13、l, my great grandfather. 5．Finally the thief handed in everything that he had stolen to the police. 6．This was the reason that/why he was late yesterday. 7．Some pre­school children go to a day care center, where they learn simple games and songs. 8．This is the place where I lived three year

14、s ago. 9．This is the place that/which we visited three years ago. 10．This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever bought. Ⅱ.單句改錯 1．Which is known to the world, the 2018 World Cup will be held in Russia.Which→As 2．Jim passed the driving test, it surprised everybody in the office.it→which或在it前加上and

15、 3．It is such a big stone that nobody can lift.that→as或在lift后加it 4．Our teacher is very strict with us, that does much good to us. that→which或在that前加上and 5．He will come to see me next July, which he won’t be so busy. which→when 6．The reason why he explained to me is not proper. 去掉why或why→that/wh

16、ich 7．They talked about the things and persons whom they remembered when they were young.whom→that 觀點對比類議論文 8．He has two sons, both of them are teachers. them→whom或在both前加上and 假如你叫張華，是某中學(xué)的高一學(xué)生。為營造一個良好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)打算在教室里面安裝空調(diào)。對此，你班學(xué)生展開了一場熱烈的討論。請根據(jù)下表中的討論結(jié)果，用英語給校長寫一封信。 贊成觀點 反對觀點 你的觀點 (1)空調(diào)冬暖夏涼

17、，優(yōu)化學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境 (2)家庭條件好了，支付得起費用 (1)裝空調(diào)會污染環(huán)境 (2)產(chǎn)生噪音影響學(xué)習(xí) (3)增加學(xué)生經(jīng)濟負擔，有的家庭負擔不起 不同意裝空調(diào)，理由是： (1)…… (2)…… Dear headmaster， ①Knowing that our school is going to install air­conditioners in the classrooms, the students of our class had a heated discussion.②Some students are for the plan while others

18、 are against it. ③Students who are for the plan think that air­conditioners can make us comfortable both in summer and in winter.④Besides, their families are well off and can afford the cost. ⑤However, other students think that air­conditioners can make the environment get worse, and air

19、­conditioners will make a lot of noise which will have a bad effect on their studies.⑥Meanwhile, installing air­conditioners will increase their economic burden. ⑦In my opinion, I don’t agree to install air­conditioners.⑧We are students, so we should pay much more attention to our

20、study instead of seeking so­called comfortable conditions.⑨What’s more, the most important thing is that we should protect our environment as well. Best wishes. Yours， Zhang Hua, 第一段：直接說明了辯論主題和參與者。 第二、三段：從正反兩方面進行辯論陳述。 第四段：陳述了作者自己的看法和主張。 文章要點全面，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，論據(jù)充分，語句順暢緊湊。 亮點一：①句中運用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，

21、開門見山地引出話題，能夠很好地吸引讀者興趣。 亮點二：④⑤⑥⑦⑨句中，besides, howe­ver, meanwhile, in my opinion, what’s more等連接詞的運用恰到好處，使上下文邏輯性強，全文語意連貫、豐滿。 亮點三：③⑤句運用定語從句，⑨句運用表語從句，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，語意表達清楚連貫，給文章增色不少。 如何寫觀點對比類議論文 議論文是通過剖析事物來論述事理、發(fā)表意見或提出主張的一種文體，要求作者通過擺事實、講道理、辨是非確定其觀點的正確或錯誤，樹立或否定某種觀點或主張。觀點對比類議論文是從正反兩方面辯證地說明某個觀點。 1．觀點對比

22、類議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)通常為：①提出問題；②陳述不同的觀點及其理由；③說明自己的觀點。 2．要做到要點完整，條理清晰。各段之間層次清楚，以使文章顯得有條理。從文章結(jié)構(gòu)層次上講，通常采用三段式。 3．正確定位時態(tài)，常用一般現(xiàn)在時。行文時要注意關(guān)聯(lián)詞的使用，并選擇使用恰當?shù)谋磉_方式，如復(fù)合句、反問句、祈使句等，使文章不落俗套。 4．準確使用常用詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)，使文章更地道。 1．文章開頭常用語： Recently we have had a discussion/debate ... Some people are in favor of ... Other people are a

23、gainst ... There are different opinions among people as to ... Different people have/hold different views/opi­nions on this problem. 2．陳述正方觀點常用語： Some people hold the opinion that ... People who are for the idea think that ... 3．陳述反方觀點常用語： Others hold a different view/hold the opposite o

24、pinion/have different opinions. However, the others are strongly against it. 4．陳述個人觀點常用語： In my opinion/As for me/Personally speaking, it is a good idea ... My point of view is that ... As far as I’m concerned, every coin has two sides. 下面是你班同學(xué)對志愿工作看法的調(diào)查表，請根據(jù)表中的內(nèi)容寫一篇短文，最后闡述你自己的觀點。 70%的同學(xué)贊成參

25、加志愿工作 為社會作貢獻，幫助別人是一件很有意義的事情，志愿工作會帶來很多好處，會為今后的工作積累技能和經(jīng)驗，可以增強自信心、自覺意識和培養(yǎng)良好的交際能力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能 30%的同學(xué)不贊成從事志愿工作 無報酬，浪費時間，耽誤學(xué)習(xí) 你自己的觀點 …… 詞數(shù)：100左右。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 參考范文： Diffe

26、rent students hold different views about the voluntary work according to the survey. We are glad to see that 70% of the students approve of doing voluntary work. In their opinion, making a contribution to the society and lending a helping hand to others is worthwhile. At the same time, it brings a

27、lot of benefits. People can gain valuable experience and skills for the future career. What’s more, voluntary work offers a good number of opportunities for them to build confidence, self­awareness, good communication skills and leadership. However, 30% of the students disapprove of doing voluntary work. They think that working without payment is a waste of time and that voluntary work will affect their study. In my opinion, we’d better take the chance to take part in voluntary work, no matter how small it is, because it can do much good to us.