2019高考英語 詞匯考查+題型練 Unit 3 Life in the future（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 3 一、詞匯復(fù)習(xí) （一）單句語法填空 1．(2015浙江杭州地區(qū)七校模擬改編)When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I ________(answer) your call. 答案：had answered　句意為：當(dāng)你給我打電話的時候，我正在開會。我多么希望我(之前)接了你的電話。wish后的從句中用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)句意可知是對過去情況的虛擬，所以謂語動詞用had done形式。 2．(2015湖南懷化質(zhì)檢改編)Had it not been for my teachers help, I wouldnt________(win)the first place in contest. 答案：have won　條件從句中的謂語動詞用“had＋過去分詞”，主句中的謂語動詞用“should/would/could/might＋have done”。根據(jù)句意答案為have won。 3．(2014湖南，22改編)If Mr.Dewey ______(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. 答案：had been　句意為：如果杜威先生在場的話，他就會為那里的人提供任何可能的幫助。從主句中的would have offered可以看出，從句表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故應(yīng)用過去完成時。 4．(2014甘肅天水一中段考改編)John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he ________(e) tomorrow than today. 答案：came　would rather后面接從句時，從句中的謂語動詞通常要用一般過去時，表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼募僭O(shè)。 5．(2012陜西，17改編)If my car______(be)more reliable，I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer. 答案：had been　句意為：如果我的車更可靠點兒的話，我去年夏天就會開車去拉薩，而不是坐飛機(jī)去了。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是對過去事實的虛擬，故if條件句用過去完成時，主句謂語用“would/could/might/should＋have＋過去分詞”。 （二）英漢互譯 144.aspect n. __________ 145.impression n. __________ 146.take up __________ 147.constant adj. __________ 148.constantly adv. __________ 149.jet n. __________ 150.△jet lag __________ 151.△flashback n. __________ 152.previous adj. __________ 153.uncertain adj. __________ 154.guide n. vt. __________ 155.tablet n. __________ 156.△expertise n. __________ 157.capsule n. __________ 158.steward n. __________ 159.stewardess n. __________ 160.opening n. __________ 161.sideways adv. __________ 162.surrounding n. adj. __________ 163.tolerate vt__________. 164.△bination n. __________ 165.lack vi. & vt. n. __________ 166.adjustment n. __________ 167.mask n. __________ 168.be back on one’s feet __________ 169.△hover vi. __________ 170.carriage n. __________ 171.press vi. & vt. n. __________ 172.fasten vt. __________ 173.belt n. __________ 174.safety belt __________ 175.lose sight of…__________ 176.sweep up __________ 177.flash vt. & vi. __________ 178.switch n. vt. __________ 179.timetable n. __________ 180.△exhausted adj. __________ 181.slide into __________ 182.optimistic adj. __________ 183.△pessimistic adj. __________ 184.speed up __________ 185.△pedal n. __________ 186.△alien n. adj. __________ 187.mud n. __________ 188.desert n. __________ 189.△enormous adj. __________ 190.△imitate vt. __________ 191.△moveable adj. __________ 192.citizen n. __________ 193.typist n. __________ 194.typewriter n. __________ 195.postage n. __________ 196.postcode n. __________ 197.button n. __________ 198.instant n. adj. __________ 199.receiver n. __________ 200.△efficiency n. __________ 201.△efficient adj. __________ 202.△ribbon n. __________ 203.dustbin n. __________ 204.△dispose vt. __________ 205.△disposal n. __________ 206.ecology n. __________ 207.greedy adj. __________ 208.swallow vt. __________ 209.material n. __________ 210.recycle vt. __________ 211.△manufacture vt. __________ 212.goods n. __________ 213.△etc abbr. __________ 214.representative n. adj. __________ 215.settlement n__________ 216.motivation n. __________ 二、閱讀理解 A Pollution’s great effects on the environment have bee more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency（效率）,less reliance on fossil（化石) fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm. The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39% of the country’s total energy use, 12% of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放）, according to the Environment Protection Agency. Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycle—construction, restoration, operation, maintenance（維護(hù)）and demolition（拆毀）—than those who construct more regular buildings. The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live in such buildings. The process of building green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances. Careful site selection is important to minimize（最小化）human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes（微風(fēng)）and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small. Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. These roofs are partly or pletely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants. Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, hydropower（水能）and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment. 1.What is the text mainly about? A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency. B. The process of building green buildings. C. The benefits and features of green buildings. D. Green buildings effects on the environment. 2.According to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that______. A. produce no waste B. only use clean energy C. are made of recycled materials D. use energy and resources more efficiently 3.Which of the following statements is TRUE about green buildings? A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity. B. Small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones. C. The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building. D. They are difficult to maintain and thus need more operating costs. 4.Why are green roofs used ? A. They fit the surrounding environment well B. They are cheaper than other kinds of roofs C. They can keep natural water for use in everyday life D. They can help to control the temperature in the building well 【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了green building的諸多好處和對環(huán)境的巨大的保護(hù)作用，呼吁人們多建設(shè)這樣的綠色的建筑。 1.C 【解析】主旨大意題。本文第三段中Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, or go to school in than standard buildings. Green buildings use resources more properly during the entire building cycle than traditional building.和倒數(shù)第二段第一句Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost.倒數(shù)第一段第一句Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction.可知本文主要講述的是Green buildings的很多的好處和特征。故C正確。 3.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources.由此可知，建造綠色建筑時必須考慮生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。 4.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段These roofs are partly or pletely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.可知，他們可以幫助控制大樓里的溫度。故選D。 B Aerial(空中的) performer Jennifer Bricker was born without legs, but she never let it stop her. Wrapped in a loop(圈) of red silk hung from the ceiling, Jennifer Bricker climbs and twists to the music. Her head hangs down and her strong arms let go as she balances on her back, high above the ground—a move that is all the more daring because she has no legs. Jennifer was a few months old when she was adopted by Sharon and Gerald Bricker. She had big brown eyes, a bright smile, and huge amounts of energy. When a doctor advised her adoptive parents to carry her around in a kind of bucket(桶), they refused. Jennifer soon learned to walkand runon her hands and bottom, and grew up fearlessly climbing trees and bouncing on the trampoline(蹦床) with her three older brothers. “My parents didn’t treat me differently so I didn’t grasp the concept that I was different. I knew I didn’t have legs but that wasn’t stopping me from doing the things I wanted to do.” At the age of three she was fitted with artificial legs, but she never really took to them—she moved more freely without them. In 1996 the Olympic Games took place in Atlanta. Jennifer loved to watch the women’s gymnastics team, and especially adored the 14yearold Dominique Moceanu who peted for the U．S. When Moceanu and the women’s team won the gold, Jennifer decided she was going to be a gymnast, too. She took up power tumbling, which involves performing floor exercises down a runway. But Jennifer did not want any allowances to be made for her disability. At the age of 10 she took part in the Junior Olympics and by age 11 she was the tumbling champion for the state of Illinois. Jennifer now travels the world as an inspirational speaker and acts as an aerial performer. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇人物記敘文。Jennifer Bricker天生無腿，但在自己的努力下，她參加了青少年奧運會，并成為世界著名的勵志演講家和空中表演演員。 1．What do we know about Jennifer Bricker? A．She felt embarrassed without legs. B．She was brought up as a normal child. C．She was carried in a bucket as a baby. D．She lost her legs when she was adopted. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“My parents didn’t treat me differently so I didn’t grasp the concept that I was different.”可知，Jennifer的父母對待她和對待其他孩子沒有什么不同，她也沒有覺得她和其他孩子有什么差異；結(jié)合第三段的第三句“When a doctor advised her adoptive parents to carry her around in a kind of bucket(桶), they refused.”可知，她的父母拒絕了醫(yī)生的建議。據(jù)此可知，她是像正常的孩子那樣被帶大的，故B項正確。 2．Why did Jennifer determine to be a gymnast? A．She knew that she was different from others. B．She wanted to make allowances for her disability. C．She was eager to participate in the Junior Olympics. D．She was greatly influenced by Dominique Moceanu. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Jennifer loved to watch the women’s gymnastics team, and especially adored the 14yearold Dominique Moceanu who peted for the U．S. When Moceanu and the women’s team won the gold, Jennifer decided she was going to be a gymnast, too.”可知，Jennifer喜歡看女子體操隊的表演，尤其喜愛為美國而戰(zhàn)的14歲運動員Dominique Moceanu；在Dominique Moceanu和女子體操隊獲得金牌后，她決定也從事體操事業(yè)，故D項正確。 3．Which of the following can best describe Jennifer Bricker? A．Selfrespecting.　　　 B．Cautious. C．Sensitive. D．Clever. A　解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，Jennifer Bricker在幾個月大的時候被領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，雖然天生無腿，但是她仍和其他正常孩子一樣成長。在觀看了奧運會的體操表演后，她決定做一名體操運動員，并獲得成功。據(jù)此可以判斷，她是一個自強(qiáng)自愛的人，故A項正確。 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The sufferings of a gymnast. B．The memory of an aerial performer. C．The experiences of an adoptive family. D．The growing process of a disabled person. D　解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了Jennifer Bricker天生無腿但后來在自己的努力下參加了青少年奧運會，并成為世界著名的勵志演講家和空中表演演員的故事。據(jù)此可知，本文介紹了一位殘疾人的成長之路，故D項正確。 三、七選五 A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(總和) of its parts? 　 1　. But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. ● 　 2 　 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 　 3 　.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them es from our earliest years. ●Recall(回憶)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 　 4 　 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 　 5 　. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have 【語篇解讀】本文屬于說明文，美麗的花園能給我們帶來美好的視覺享受，文章中給出了兩個自己建設(shè)花園的具體建議。 1.F 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)文章首句及下文的＂But it doesn’t happen by accident＂可知，這里是在講＂你是否曾去過一個花園……但是它不是偶然發(fā)生的＂。故F項＂You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too＂符合語境。 3.E 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)上文的＂Some people may think...＂和＂Others are concerned about...＂可知此處表達(dá)的是人們種植花園的不同原因，而E項中的＂Still others may simply enjoy...＂與上下文銜接自然，故選E項。 4.C 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)上文的＂...but that’s not what’s important＂和下文中的＂how being in those gardens made us feel＂可知此處講的應(yīng)是什么是重要的，故C項符合語境。 5.G 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。上文的＂the gardens of your youth＂以及下文的＂your childhood memories＂與G項中的＂those gardens＂和＂the strongest memory you have＂相呼應(yīng)，故選G項。