2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 題型技法指導(dǎo)專題一 完形填空.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 題型技法指導(dǎo)專題一 完形填空 真題試做 （xx廣東高考） We all know that some things are obviously right.For example，it is right to be __1__ to other people.It is also right to look after the environment.Some things are __2__ wrong，too.For instance，we should not hurt or bully（欺負(fù)）others，nor should we litter.Rules often tell us what is right or wrong. Rules can help the public make the right __3__，and remain safe.Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes.Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent __4__. If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration，it will be __5__ for them to form what is sometimes called a “black and white” view.For example，they may believe that people should always tell the truth，and that lying is __6__ acceptable.Such people always stick to their views，even if it means that they may get into __7__. Sometimes it may not be so easy to know __8__ what is right or wrong.Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is __9__ to eat animals，but others argue that they can eat meat and __10__ be kind to animals; some insist that stealing is always wrong，but others think that one does not need to feel so __11__ when stealing some food to eat，if he lives in a really poor area and he is __12__. Rules help us live together in harmony，because they show us the right way to __13__ others.However，some people argue that rules may be __14__，having observed that rules change all the time，and that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones—so who is to __15__ what is right? 1．A．kind B．sensitive C．fair D．generous 2．A．equally B．slightly C．clearly D．increasingly 3．A．suggestions B．conclusions C．turns D．choices 4．A．a(chǎn)ccidents B．mistakes C．falls D．deaths 5．A．interesting B．vital C．easy D．valuable 6．A．seldom B．rarely C．merely D．never 7．A．trouble B．power C．prison D．control 8．A．roughly B．eventually C．deliberately D．exactly 9．A．a(chǎn)wful B．cruel C．unhealthy D．unnecessary 10．A．still B．even C．later D．somehow 11．A．nervous B．a(chǎn)nxious C．a(chǎn)fraid D．guilty 12．A．begging B．starving C．growing D．wandering 13．A．follow B．instruct C．treat D．protect 14．A．disgusting B．confusing C．unsafe D．unimportant 15．A．predict B．explain C．decide D．consider 考向分析 一、短文概況 首先來看近五年此題的大概情況 年份 話題 題材 詞數(shù) 考查詞類 n. v. adj. adv. xx 社會文化 英國“被偷換的小孩”的神話傳說 212 2 4 4 0 xx 歷史與地理 諾貝爾設(shè)立諾貝爾獎 177 3 4 2 1 xx 社會文化 不同文化背景下“門”的功用有所不同帶來的一些窘迫經(jīng)歷 220 3 0 6 1 xx 科技教育 是否該為有天賦的孩子成立天才班 243 4 2 7 2 xx 對“規(guī)章”的理解 309 3 3 5 4 通過上表我們得出以下結(jié)論： 1．短文題材廣泛，或反映最新科技動態(tài)，或體現(xiàn)文化內(nèi)涵，或討論熱門話題。 2．體裁多樣，涉及議論文、說明文和記敘文。 3．文章長度一般在200個詞左右，xx年由10個空增加到了15個空，長度也增加到了243個詞，xx年詞數(shù)為309詞，呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢。 4．設(shè)空以考查實(shí)詞為主，即名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等。而沒有考查以下內(nèi)容： ①代詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞和主謂一致等。 ②單純的語法知識。全部試題以考查文意為主，通過對上下文語篇的理解和邏輯來確定正確答案。 二、設(shè)題方式 （1）首句不設(shè)空：有助于考生了解或推測全文的大意。 （2）選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：同一小題的四個選項(xiàng)都是同一詞數(shù)，且為同一語法形式。即： 若四個選項(xiàng)都是名詞，要么四個都是單數(shù)，要么四個都是復(fù)數(shù)； 若四個選項(xiàng)都是動詞，要么四個都是動詞ing形式，要么四個都是動詞ed形式，要么四個都是動詞原形，要么四個都是第三人稱單數(shù)形式； 若是形容詞或副詞，要么四個都是原形，要么四個都是比較級或最高級形式。 答題步驟 做完形填空試題，切忌邊看短文，邊選答案，因?yàn)檫@樣解題易脫離上下文孤立地看句子，從而產(chǎn)生錯誤。一般來說，解答完形填空題應(yīng)遵循以下三個步驟。 一、略讀全文，把握大意。 文章都有中心議題和中心內(nèi)容。通讀全文，才能弄清文脈、理清思路，才能抓住文章主旨，獲得整體印象，把握短文大意，使思維朝著正確的方向發(fā)展。在閱讀中要特別注意提示句，并盡量記憶關(guān)鍵詞、句，力求把文章內(nèi)容串聯(lián)起來。 二、細(xì)讀全文，初選試填。 在理解全文大意的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合所給備選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀全文，遵循詞不離句、句不離文的原則，聯(lián)系上下文內(nèi)容，運(yùn)用平時積累的英語語法和語言知識及根據(jù)文中語義、邏輯和搭配的需要進(jìn)行綜合考慮，通過分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項(xiàng)，初步選定答案。 在作出選擇的過程中，要瞻前顧后，通篇考慮，先易后難。對比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先進(jìn)行確定。對少數(shù)難題，可暫定答案，在復(fù)讀全文后分析推敲。 三、復(fù)讀全文，核實(shí)答案。 完成選擇后，要把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一遍，逐空認(rèn)真復(fù)查。完成后的文章應(yīng)該文意完整、語法正確、語言通順、用詞恰當(dāng)、邏輯合理、符合習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤或有疑問的答案，應(yīng)再次推敲、反復(fù)斟酌、作出修正。 規(guī)律方法 一、通讀全文，掌握大意，重視首句 通讀全文旨在從整體上把握全文，找出完形填空短文的主題、大意、作者的思路等信息，這是解題的基礎(chǔ)。而首句往往是了解全文的窗口，依據(jù)首句所給的線索常?？梢钥闯鑫恼碌捏w裁、背景等基本信息，從而把握正確的主旨大意。 需要特別注意的是，在第一遍通讀全文時，千萬不要看一句填一句。 二、根據(jù)文章大意，把握上下文的關(guān)系 上下文是形成語境的基礎(chǔ)，做題時要學(xué)會瞻前顧后，要做到詞不離句、句不離段、段不離文。這樣的話，有時如果單獨(dú)看空格，看似幾個選項(xiàng)填入空格都沒有錯，句子也通順，但結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容來理解，就只有一個最佳答案了。如： I continued watching as the old man thanked the salesman and__8__for what I assumed was the fourth floor. 8．A．put away　　 　　　　B．passed away C．pulled away D．headed off 解題指導(dǎo)：從后文的描述“what I assumed was the fourth floor.”看出老人謝了售貨員后朝四樓走去（head off）。 答案：D 三、根據(jù)文章語境，進(jìn)行詞義辨析 完形填空的命題特點(diǎn)之一就是充分利用詞匯辨析知識。答題時眼睛不能只盯在空格上或盯在一個句子上，一定要左顧右盼，弄清前后的習(xí)慣搭配。有時不止一個選項(xiàng)可以前后構(gòu)成搭配關(guān)系，這時需要根據(jù)上下文的意思來作出判斷。如： Finally he understood.Just as he __13__ a lot of time on fruitless speculation（猜想）about the “ship”，his expectations of getting __14__ was also without any real basis.Therefore，he decided to return home and __15__ up a more practical job. 15．A．set B．gave C．made D．took 解題指導(dǎo)：結(jié)合前文，男孩兒領(lǐng)悟到了如果沒有現(xiàn)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，任何對變得有錢的設(shè)想都只是浪費(fèi)時間，因此推測他決定回家從事（take up）一份實(shí)際的工作。 答案：D 四、體會文章的色彩，注意語言的和諧 作者對完形填空文章賦予了一定的感情色彩。首先要理解作者說話時的語氣和文章的感情色彩，這種語氣和色彩是和諧一致的，且貫穿全文。做題時要充分體會上下文語言的和諧性，理解文章的深層含義。如： Finally it came Marys turn.I opened my eyes as large as possible，__7__ to lose anything.Wearing a golden and shining skirt，Mary appeared on the glorious stage. 7．A．fearing B．wishing C．wondering D．looking 解題指導(dǎo)：聯(lián)系上下文可知，作者眼中瑪麗一直是個平凡的女孩，但這次瑪麗參加表演卻變得與平常不一樣，因此可知作者睜大眼睛，生怕錯過了瑪麗的表演。 答案：A 五、把握文章脈絡(luò)，進(jìn)行推理判斷 在完形填空題中常常要對文章的情節(jié)、作者的態(tài)度等進(jìn)行推理判斷。因此，首先要理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清楚文章的結(jié)構(gòu)及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。只有這樣，才能加強(qiáng)對文章深層意義的理解，從而更好地完成“完形”的任務(wù)，恢復(fù)文章的原貌。如： Besides，his sore throat kept __45__（upsetting）him，and he developed a cough to force me and my family out，but __46__. 46．A．escaped B．succeeded C．regretted D．failed 解題指導(dǎo)：前文說“他想把我和我的家人趕出去”，but表明前后文存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由此可以判斷這里應(yīng)為“他沒有成功”，故選D項(xiàng)。 答案：D 六、利用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，尋找近義詞語 語義復(fù)現(xiàn)包括同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。 考生應(yīng)充分利用這些詞所提供的有效信息進(jìn)行合理地推測和判斷，選出正確答案。如： He __16__（presented）me with a puzzle—all because he waved to me like someone does__17__（on）seeing a close friend... Then one day the __22__ was solved... 22．A．a(chǎn)rgument B．disagreement C．mystery D．task 解題指導(dǎo)：前文講到“那位交警像朋友一樣向我揮手，使我困惑”，這里應(yīng)是“這個謎有一天終于解開了”。mystery和puzzle意思相近。故選C項(xiàng)。 答案：C 誤區(qū)警示 一、忽視邏輯，牽強(qiáng)附會 The tale took on a new meaning recently when Mr Guyer downsized to a small house from a more expensive and fortable one.He was worried that his children，a daughter—15，and twins—22，would be upset.To his surprise，they werent.______，their reaction echoed（共鳴）their greatgrandfathers.What they cared about was how warm the people were in the house and how much of their heart was accessible. A．Therefore B．Besides C．Instead D．Otherwise 錯混透析：C　考生易就題答題，僅憑空格所在的句子來選擇，而忽視上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，從而誤選答案。 解題指導(dǎo)：上一句提到“令他驚奇的是，孩子們的反應(yīng)并不像他想象的那樣”，由此可知此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 從這里可以看出，完形填空中的每一個空格并非孤立的，而是有一定的線索可尋，這種線索大致分為兩類：一、文章上下句間及至全文的邏輯關(guān)系；二、空格所在句對正確答案的提示。在做題過程中需要留心上下文，正確把握上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。 二、缺乏搭配意識，主觀臆斷 Garriott is the first American to follow his father into space.He ______ 30 million dollars for the holiday in outer space. A．charged　　　　　　　B．made C．spent D．paid 錯混透析：D　該題中的四個選項(xiàng)，單從詞義來看，都可以和“30 million dollars”連用，但是四個詞中只有A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)可以和后面的介詞for搭配。再結(jié)合語境可知，只有D項(xiàng)正確。 解題指導(dǎo)：在解題過程中注意上下文語境和詞語的辨析固然重要，但忽略固定搭配的用法，也極易選錯答案。 對于有的詞語辨析題，如果只根據(jù)詞義很難準(zhǔn)確選出答案，這時考生可以另辟蹊徑，從其常用的固定搭配入手，再結(jié)合語境，就能輕松作出選擇。 三、忽視語法，邏輯失誤 He did not contact his father for a whole year ______ one day he saw in the street an old man who looked like his father.He realized he had to go back home and see his father. A．until B．a(chǎn)s C．before D．unless 錯混透析：A　考生容易受思維習(xí)慣的影響僅從詞義辨析的角度進(jìn)行思考而忽略了語法，認(rèn)為此處表示的是“當(dāng)……時候”，從而誤選B項(xiàng)as。 解題指導(dǎo)：如果注意到本句前半部分中的not，就可以輕而易舉地判斷此處是“not...until...”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“直到……才……”，從而快速解題。 受“淡化語法，突出語境”的影響，考生容易忽視語法問題。雖然考題涉及的語法知識不多，然而完形填空中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)一些復(fù)雜句式，對語境分析、解題造成一定困難，從而導(dǎo)致誤選。 四、忽略背景常識易錯點(diǎn) Even though it was only October，my students were already whispering about Christmas plans.With each passing day everyone became more __1__，waiting for the final school bell. A．a(chǎn)nxious B．courageous C．serious D．cautious 錯混透析：A　有的題目從形式上來看考查的是詞語辨析或者是詞語搭配，但僅從這兩個方面考生又很難準(zhǔn)確判斷出哪個選項(xiàng)正確。 解題指導(dǎo)：從前文可看出，學(xué)生們都翹首以待，期待著圣誕節(jié)的到來，由常識可知，等待最后一節(jié)課下課鈴聲的心情一定很急切。由此可以很容易得出答案。 考生在做題時，要巧妙地運(yùn)用自己所掌握的文化背景知識和生活常識，簡化分析與判斷的過程；有時還應(yīng)注意中西文化的差異。 一、記敘文 （一） （xx廣州二模） I woke up this morning with a fright! There appeared to be a mouse in my bed tickling my nose and __1__ scratching me.It had to be a mouse，for those tiny sharp little nails were scratching me all across my __2__. It couldnt have been a（n）__3__ as I didnt own any pets；it couldnt have been a rat，because if what I had read about rats was__4__，their sharp teeth could __5__ their way through solid stone.They do this because their front teeth never stop growing and this is the only way to keep them __6__. I didnt dare to open my eyes and face the__7__ of the disgusting mouse in the bed with me.I felt so dirty and __8__.I didnt want to change my position either，__9__ the mouse would slide onto other areas of my body，which would__10__ give me horrible dreams for years to e! Despite my fears，I finally decided to swiftly __11__ the mouse away.But it __12__！I did it again and again and it kept ing back，every single time. There was no way out.I had to face my enemy.I took a breath，gathered my __13__ and slowly opened my eyes.To my relief，I saw something far __14__ than a mouse and it all came back to me. I had put my baby daughter Rebecca into bed beside me after her first bottle in the morning! That also reminded me：I needed to trim （修剪）her __15__. 1．A．warmly　　B．lightly C．wildly D．thoroughly 2．A．foot B．hand C．stomach D．face 3．A．mouse B．insect C．cat D．fly 4．A．true B．suitable C．interesting D．clear 5．A．fight B．pull C．carve D．wind 6．A．strong B．sharp C．slim D．short 7．A．horror B．thought C．risk D．cost 8．A．tired B．stupid C．unfortable D．disappointed 9．A．hoping B．fearing C．a(chǎn)ssuming D．doubting 10．A．gradually B．temporarily C．surely D．hardly 11．A．throw B．brush C．keep D．send 12．A．returned B．repeated C．dropped D．stayed 13．A．memories B．thoughts C．energy D．courage 14．A．softer B．cuter C．uglier D．worse 15．A．hair B．feet C．nails D．fingers （二） Dear God， Now that I am no longer young，I have friends whose mothers have passed away.I have heard these sons and daughters say they never fully __1__ their mothers until it was too late to tell them. I am __2__ with the dear mother who is still alive.I appreciate her more each day.My mother does not change，but I do.As I grow older and __3__，I realize what a （an）__4__ person she is.How sad that I am unable to speak these words in her __5__，but they flow __6__ from my pen. How does a daughter begin to __7__ her mother for life itself？For the love，patience and just plain hard work that go into __8__ a child？For running after a toddler（蹣跚行走的小孩），for understanding a __9__ teenager，for tolerating a college student who knows everything？For waiting for the day when a daughter realizes what her mother really is? How does a （an）__10__ woman thank for a mother for continuing to be a mother？For being ready with advice （when asked）or remaining __11__ when it is most appreciated？For not saying：“I told you so”，when she could have expressed these words dozens of times？For being really herselfloving，thoughtful，__12__，and forgiving? I dont know how，dear God，except to bless her as __13__ as she deserves and to help me live up to the example she has __14__ .Whether it is hard or easy，I __15__ that I will look as good in the eyes of my children as my mother looks in mine. A daughter 1．A．supported B．a(chǎn)ppreciated C．described D．greeted 2．A．concerned B．familiar C．blessed D．a(chǎn)nxious 3．A．wiser B．happier C．stubborner D．healthier 4．A．mon B．strange C．popular D．extraordinary 5．A．a(chǎn)bsence B．presence C．a(chǎn)ppearance D．existence 6．A．easily B．politely C．slowly D．patiently 7．A．call B．thank C．care D．worry 8．A．developing B．rising C．training D．raising 9．A．considerate B．energetic C．moody D．fearless 10．A．grown B．successful C．beautiful D．honest 11．A．quiet B．calm C．silent D．still 12．A．patient B．selfish C．violent D．powerful 13．A．likely B．richly C．lovely D．plainly 14．A．followed B．placed C．given D．set 15．A．think B．believe C．pray D．suppose （三） One day，Miss Ellis gave her pupils a new kind of homework：homework on happiness.Her pupils would be “happiness __1__”，and were to see what would happen when they tried to bring happiness to those around them.As part of their homework，all the students did really __2__，wonderful things，but what Carla Chalmers did left everyone __3__.Several days after the homework had been handed out，Carla turned up carrying a big bag. “Here in this bag I have all the happiness Ive collected so far，” she said __4__.On seeing this，everyone was filled with __5__，but Carla didnt want to show anyone what was in the bag.Instead，she pulled out a small box and gave it to her teacher.When Miss Ellis had taken the box，Carla took a（n）__6__ camera out of her own pocket and stood with it at the ready. “Open it，Miss Ellis.” The teacher slowly opened the box and looked inside.A big smile __7__ on her face，and at that moment Carla took a photo，Carlas photo came out of the camera immediately，and she __8__ it to Miss Ellis along with a sheet of paper.The teacher read the paper in silence，and when she had finished，she gestured at the __9__. “Oh，so its...” “Yes！” __10__ Carla，opening the bag.“Its a great big pile of smiles！” She opened the bag and photos of different __11__ fell out. The rest of the class tried to __12__ how Carla had managed to create such a great big chain of happiness.All there in the box was a photo of a big smile.But everyone who had seen it felt happiness being transmitted（傳送）to them，and in return，without __13__，every person __14__ with a smile of their own. She managed to __15__ understanding of the smile truth that every time you smile you are sending a gift to the world. 1．A．explorers　 　B．instructors C．players D．collectors 2．A．regretful B．delightful　　 C．stressful D．thankful 3．A．surprised B．satisfied　　 C．a(chǎn)nnoyed D．depressed 4．A．disappointedly B．sadly　　　 C．a(chǎn)mazedly D．smilingly 5．A．a(chǎn)stonishment B．kindness　　 C．expectation D．pride 6．A．expensive B．oldfashioned　 C．instant D．goodlooking 7．A．disappeared B．froze　　　 C．faded D．shone 8．A．offered B．sold C．packed D．paid 9．A．box B．bag C．camera D．pocket 10．A．a(chǎn)dded B．questioned C．replied D．interrupted 11．A．smiles B．teachers C．ceremonies D．friends 12．A．try out B．focus on C．decide on D．figure out 13．A．imagination B．expression C．hesitation D．reason 14．A．responded B．refused C．demanded D．proved 15．A．hide B．correct C．a(chǎn)ppreciate D．spread （四） This is a true story about a young lady who got so sick of living with her strict parents that she ran away from home.__1__，she soon found out that__2__was not easy on her own.She couldnt find a job，and it didnt take long for her friends to get __3__ her so they kicked her out.Well，this young 19yearold girl got so __4__ that she decided to start making money by begging. Years passed.Her father died.Her mother grew older.But she still would not write or go home to see her__5__.One day the mother __6__ that her daughter was seen in a certain part of town，so she went there __7__ her daughter.She went to every store and cheap hotel asking to put a picture on their walls.It was a picture of __8__，now a grayhaired woman.Beside her picture was this message to her daughter which simply __9__，“I still love you！Please e home！” Months went by and nothing happened.Then one day the daughter wandered into one of those hotels.You can imagine how __10__ she was to see her mothers picture on the wall of that dirty，cheap hotel.As she read her mothers message to her，she burst into __11__. That night she started walking many miles back to her home.It was in the early morning that she finally arrived at the front door of her parents house.She began to knock but the door was already open.Afraid that someone had __12__ her parents house，she __13__ inside and woke up the sleeping old lady and told her she had finally e home.Mother and daughter began to cry as they held each other.The daughter said，“I thought someone had broken into the house！”But the mother __14__ her head and answered __15__，“My dear，from the day you left Ive kept the door unlocked.” 1．A．Therefore B．However C．Besides D．Thus 2．A．life B．study C．society D．entertainment 3．A．interested in B．fond of C．tired of D．worried about 4．A．hopeless B．satisfied C．homeless D．excited 5．A．father B．friends C．sisters D．mother 6．A．saw B．heard C．noticed D．listened 7．A．a(chǎn)sking for B．finding out C．looking for D．searching out 8．A．her daughter B．themselves C．a(chǎn) family D．herself 9．A．told B．wrote C．said D．signed 10．A．shocked B．disappointed C．confused D．pleased 11．A．tears B．laughter C．fear D．a(chǎn)nger 12．A．broken out B．broken down C．broken into D．broken up 13．A．entered B．walked C．ran D．wandered 14．A．nodded B．shook C．bent D．bowed 15．A．firmly B．loudly C．gently D．regretfully （五） I saw the old man，with his untidy clothes and messy hair，as he dashed between the rows of the department store.He was trying to be ordinary but he was hard not to__1__. He __2__the saleswoman and with a slight__3__，possibly German，asked where the womens shoes were sold.“Fourth floor.” She responded in a voice I could hear 10 miles away.“Pardon？Where did you say they were？” he asked again，apparently__4__.Clearly the old man was somewhat __5__.“Fourth floor，sir，” the friendly saleswoman replied patiently，this time so__6__ that customers turned to see what was causing the__7__. I continued watching as the man thanked the saleswoman and__8__for what I assumed was the fourth floor.But rather than walk to the__9__ or the lift，he dashed behind a shelf，took out a notebook and started writing hurriedly，with an almost mad__10__on his face.Then he went straight up to another saleswoman and asked where the womens shoes were sold.Again he asked her to__11__the answer and once more he walked away and took down some notes. He did this three more times before a department store__12__，thinking him mad，removed him from the store.But rather than be__13__，the old man departed with a huge smile on his face.Although the incident was__14__，it was not until a year later，during my first year of university，that I gave it any further__15__.I walked into my language classroom and met my professor.It was that very same man. 1．A．see B．notice C．neglect D．find 2．A．followed B．interviewed C．chose D．a(chǎn)pproached 3．A．doubt B．voice C．a(chǎn)ccent D．smile 4．A．confused B．a(chǎn)mused C．a(chǎn)nnoyed D．tired 5．A．silly B．shy C．deaf D．weak 6．A．a(chǎn)ngrily B．loudly C．suddenly D．quickly 7．A．disturbance B．a(chǎn)ccident C．pleasure D．quarrel 8．A．put away B．passed away C．pulled away D．headed off 9．A．shoes B．stairs