八年級英語下冊 Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city park教案 （新版）人教新目標(biāo)版.doc

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Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks. Section A 1 (1a-2d) 一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)： 1. 語言知識目標(biāo)： 1) 能掌握以下單詞： clean up, city, cheer, cheer up, give out, volunteer, notice, used to, lonely, 能掌握以下句型： ① You could help to clean up the city parks. ② We should listen to them and care for them. 2) 能了解以下語法： 情態(tài)動詞could, should的用法；用should或could提出建議并對別人的建議作出評價(jià)。如何表達(dá)主動提供幫助。 2. 情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)： 在授課過程中滲透助人就是助己，助人收獲快樂的情感目標(biāo)，使學(xué)生在談?wù)撊绾螢閯e人提供幫助的對話中能意識到盡己所能，幫助他人，樂于奉獻(xiàn)是一種良好的品德，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生為他人著想，熱愛公益事業(yè)，樂于助人的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。 二、教學(xué)重難點(diǎn) 1. 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)： 1) 掌握這些短語動詞的構(gòu)成和用法：clean up, city, cheer, cheer up, give out, volunteer, notice, used to, lonely 2) 學(xué)會提供幫助的基本句型： I’d like to work outside. I’ll help clean the city park. You could give out food at a food bank. 2. 教學(xué)難點(diǎn)： 學(xué)會提供幫助的基本句型 三、教學(xué)過程 Step 1 New words 1. notice n. 公告牌；通告；布告 e.g. Please read the list on the notice board. 請讀公告板上的名單。 2. sign n. 標(biāo)志；信號 e.g. Look around, we could see no sign of life. 環(huán)顧四圍，我們看不出一點(diǎn)生命的跡象。 3. volunteer v. 義務(wù)勞動，自愿做 volunteer to do sth. 義務(wù)自愿做某事 e.g. Many people volunteer to work on the farm. 很多人志愿到農(nóng)場去工作。 4. clean up 打掃；清除 e.g. The students take turns to clean up their campus. 學(xué)生們輪流打掃校園。 5. give out 分發(fā)；散發(fā) e.g. Please help me give out food. 請幫我將吃的發(fā)下去。 6. cheer v. 歡呼; 喝彩 e.g. Cheer up. The news isn’t too bad. 振作起來，消息還不算太壞。 7. lonely adj. 孤獨(dú)的；寂寞的 e.g. I don’t feel lonely because I made new friends here. 我不覺得孤獨(dú)因?yàn)槲医涣诵屡笥选? 8. used to 曾經(jīng)， 過去 e.g. Jack used to be short, but now he’s tall. 杰克過去很矮，但現(xiàn)在高了。 Step 2 Warming up 1. 根據(jù)圖片內(nèi)容填空。 2. 播放青年志愿者之歌視頻，通過詢問他們以下問題來引導(dǎo)學(xué)生們了解社會上一些的志愿們進(jìn)行的活動。 T: What is a volunteer? S：A volunteeris someone who does work without being paid for it, because they want to do it. T: Who should we help? S: … T: How could we help people? S1: We could clean up the parks S2: We could help sick people in the hospital. S3: We could help plant trees. … Step 3 Discussion 1. 1a. Look at the ways you could help others. Then list other ways. 2. Ss discuss with their partners and write the ways one could help others: ① help to plant trees by the river. ② teaching kids in a sport or hobby ③ helping disabled / elderly people with chores / shopping ④ help the traffic police. Step 4 Listening 1. T: Tell Ss to read the sentences in the chart. Make sure they know the meaning of the sentences. 2. 1b. Play the recording for the Ss to listen and number the ways the boy and girl could help others. ___ The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. ___ The boy could give out food at the food bank. ___ The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids. ___ The boy could help to clean up the city parks. (Key: 3, 2, 4, 1) Step 5 Pair work 1. Let Ss read the conversation in the picture. 2. 1c. Use the information in the chart of 1b to make other conversations. A: I hope to work outside. B: You could help to clean up the city parks. …… 3. Let some pairs act out their conversations. Step 6 Listening 1. 2a: T: A group of students are planning a City Park Clean-up Day. Listen and check (√) the things they are going to do to tell people about it. 1. Look at the pictures in 2a. Discuss the things they are going to do. 2. Play the recording for the Ss to listen and check the pictures. 3. Play the recording again to check the answers. Answers: b, c, e 2. 2b: 1. Let Ss read the sentences below. Explain some main sentences for the Ss. Make sure they know what to do. 2. Play the recording for the Ss to write the correct words in the blanks. 1. We need to _____ ___ ____ a plan to tell people about the city park clean- up. 2. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now. We can’t ___ ___ making a plan. 3. We could ___ ___ signs. 4. Let’s make some notices, too. Then I’ll ____ them ____ after school. 5. We could each ____ ___ 10 students and ask them to come. 3. Play the recording again to check the answers. Answers: 1. come up with 2. put off 3. put up 4. hand, out 5. call up Step 7 Pair work 1. 2c. Tell Ss to make a conversation using the information in 2a and 2b. 2. Let one pair to read out their conversation first. e.g. A: We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean-Up Day. B: Let’s have lunch first. A: No, we need to start now. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. B: You’re right. We can’t put off making a plan. As we talk, I’ll write down all our ideas. Then we can decide which ideas are best. A: Let’s make some notices, too. Then I’ll hand them out after school. B: And we could each call up ten students and ask them to come. 3. Ss act the conversation in pairs. Ask some pairs to act out their conversations. Step 8 Reading and Role-play 1. Read the conversations and answer the two questions: ① Where’s Helen going to work this summer? __________________________________ ② What did Tom do to help the old people? ____________________________________ Answers: She’s going to work in an old people’s home. Reading the newspaper or just talking to the old people. 2. Read the conversation after the teacher. 3. Practice the conversation with their partner. Then let some pairs to act out the conversation. Step 9 Language points 1. Visit sick children in the hospital. 1) sick和ill兩個(gè)形容詞都有“生病的”意思，在用法上有一些相同的地方，有時(shí)可以互換，但仍有許多不同之處。兩者最大的區(qū)別在于當(dāng)ill作“生病的”之意解時(shí)，多與系動詞be, feel, become, fall, get, be taken等搭配，用作表語，較少用在名詞前面作定語。 e.g. Dave was so ______ that he had to stay in bed for a month at least. ill 戴夫病的厲害，至少需要臥床一個(gè)月。 當(dāng)用在名詞前作定語表達(dá)“生病的”意思時(shí)，人們更多使用sick。 e.g. Diana spent months looking after her ________ mother. sick 戴安娜花數(shù)月照顧她生病的母親。 2) 此處in the hospital意為 “住院”，是美語用法。在英國，人們則多說in hospital。與之相類似的還有: go to the hospital和go to hospital。 2. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. used to 過去……；過去常常…… e.g. I used to live in London. 我曾經(jīng)住在倫敦。 We’re eating out more often than we used to. 我們最近外出吃飯的次數(shù)比以前要高出許多。 used to的否定結(jié)構(gòu)多為didn’t use to。人們也說used not to, 我們也可用never來強(qiáng)調(diào)否定used to。 e.g. They never used to ask where I’d been. 他們過去對我去了哪里從不過問。 在問句中，人們習(xí)慣用did…use to結(jié)構(gòu)。 e.g. Did you use to study in this building? 你過去就曾在這棟樓里學(xué)習(xí)嗎？ 3. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. lonely adj. 孤獨(dú)的；寂寞的指精神上感覺孤獨(dú)、寂寞。 e.g. In the new city, the old man feels lonely. 在這個(gè)新城市，老人覺得很孤獨(dú)。 4. We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean-up Day. 　 need 用作實(shí)義動詞，有“必要”、“必需”之意，有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，可以接名詞、代詞、動名詞或帶to的動詞不定式作賓語。 e.g. The man needs an English dictionary when he works. 這個(gè)人在工作時(shí)需要一本英語詞典。 Do you need to see him yourself? 你必需親自見他嗎？ clean up意為“打掃；清理”。但如果在clean和up間加個(gè)連字符號, 它就是名詞了, 意為“掃除”。 e.g. You must give your classroom a good clean-up.你必須對教室進(jìn)行徹底地打掃。 come up with 提出（觀點(diǎn)，看法）。 【練習(xí)】翻譯下列句子。 1）他想出了一個(gè)絕好的辦法。 He hascome up witha great idea. 2）我提供了一個(gè)更換的計(jì)劃來幫助他。 I came up with a better plan to help him. Step 10 Exercises Ⅰ.根據(jù)句意及括號內(nèi)所給單詞的提示填空。 1. Mary is telling an interesting story ________(cheer) up her brother. 2. On weekends my younger sister ________(volunteer) in the hospital. 3. Follow the road and you’ll see ________(sign) for the turn-off (支路). 4. There were lots of ________(notice) on the noticeboard (布告板). 5. I feel much ________(lonely) here than I was in Taiyuan. Ⅱ.根據(jù)語境，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z填空，有的需要變換形式。 clean up, call up, put off, used to, hand out 1. —They decided to ____________ the meeting just now. —Really? Then when will they have the meeting? 2. I know a lot about this village because I ____________ live here. 3. After the party, it took us an hour to ____________ the hall. 4. When I came into the classroom, I saw Ms. Lin ____________ exam papers. 5. Joe, ____________ Mr. Smith in the evening. Here’s his phone number. Keys: Ⅰ. 1. to cheer 2. volunteers 3. signs 4. notices 5. lonelier / more lonely Ⅱ. 1. put off 2. used to 3. clean up 4. handing out 5. call up Homework: Write three conversations about your discussions with your classmates. A: I’d like to help the old. What could I do? B: You could give them medical service. Section A 2 (3a-3c) 一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)： 1. 語言知識目標(biāo)： 1) 學(xué)習(xí)掌握下列詞匯：several, feeling, satisfaction, joy, owner, journey 2） 閱讀短文，能按要求找到相應(yīng)的信息。 3） 通過閱讀提高學(xué)生們的閱讀能力。 4) 了解世界各地的學(xué)生們都進(jìn)行哪些志愿活動。 2. 情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)： 使學(xué)生在談?wù)撊绾螢閯e人提供幫助的對話中能意識到盡己所能，幫助他人，樂于奉獻(xiàn)是一種良好的品德，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生為他人著想，熱愛公益事業(yè)，樂于助人的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。 二、教學(xué)重難點(diǎn) 1. 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)： 1) 掌握本部分出現(xiàn)的生詞和詞組，達(dá)到熟練運(yùn)用的目標(biāo)。 2) 閱讀短文，獲得相關(guān)的信息。通過閱讀練習(xí)，來提高閱讀能力。 2. 教學(xué)難點(diǎn)： 1) 閱讀短文，獲得相關(guān)的信息的能力。 2) 理解并運(yùn)用所學(xué)的詞匯及表達(dá)方式。 三、教學(xué)過程 Step 1 Revision 1. Write down the phrases. 1. 打掃 ________ 2. 分發(fā) ________ 3. 曾經(jīng) _______ 4. （使）變得高興 ________ 5. 義務(wù)做某事 _________________ 6. 大打掃日 ______________ 7. 想出主意（辦法）____________ Answers: clean up, give out, used to, cheer up, volunteer to do sth. Clean-Up Day, come up with 2. Role-play A: Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work in an old people’s home this summer. B: Really? I did that last summer! …… Step 2 New words 1. several pron. adj. (=some) 幾個(gè)；數(shù)個(gè)；一些 2. feeling n. 感觸；感覺；感情； feel (v.) + ing feeling e.g. He had to lower his voice to control his feeling. 他不得不壓低聲音來控制自己的感情。 3. satisfaction n. 滿足；滿意 e.g. Looking at a beautiful painting always gives one satisfaction. 觀看一幅美麗的圖畫總會使人心滿意足。 4. joy n. 高興；愉快 e.g. It’s difficult to describe my joy in words. 難以用語言來描述我的快樂。 5. owner n. 物主；主人 e.g. They decided to give the cat back to the owner. 他們決定將貓歸還它的主人。 6. journey n. 旅行；旅程 e.g. A thousand-li journey begins with the first step. 千里之行始于足下。 Step 3 Warming up 1. Watch a video and answer the questions. 1. What do people think about volunteers? 2. What kinds of work can volunteers do? 3. What do you usually do on your free time? Would you like to volunteer to do anything for others? Ss try to answer the questions: 1. They think highly of the work of volunteers. 2. Donating clothes / food to people who need them; help the old / disable people; teaching kids… Step 4 Reading 1. 3a: 1. Tell Ss to read the article in 3a quickly and try to find the answers to these questions: 1. What does Mario love? 2. What does Mary love? 3. What do Mario and Mary volunteer to do? Ss read the article quickly and try to answer the questions: 2. 方法指導(dǎo)：帶著問題，然后快速閱讀短文，爭取在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，找到答案。 3. 學(xué)生們，按老師指導(dǎo)的方法進(jìn)行閱讀，并快速回答這三個(gè)問題。 4. 最后，教師讓部分學(xué)生回答答案，并校對答案。 Answers: 1. He loves animals. 2. She loves reading books. 3. Mario volunteers at animal hospital and Mary helps kids learn to read. 2. 3b: Read the article again and answer the questions. 1. Why does Mario volunteer to help others? 2. Why does Mary volunteer to help others? 3. What does Mario say about volunteering? 4. What does Mary say about volunteering? Answers: 1. Because he believes it can help him to get his future dream job. 2. Because she can do what she loves to do and help others. 3. He gets such a strong feeling of satisfaction when he sees the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ face. 4. Volunteering is a dream come true for her. 3. Discussion How do they feel about their volunteering? Do they like volunteering? How do you know it? 4. 3c 1. 告訴學(xué)生們本學(xué)習(xí)活動的要求：用不定式來完成下列句子。 2. 讓學(xué)生們讀3d中的內(nèi)容，理解每個(gè)句子的大體意思。 3. 根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容，并恰當(dāng)?shù)牟欢ㄊ絹硗瓿擅總€(gè)句子。 4. 如果不能直接填上，可以再去閱讀短文，在相關(guān)的內(nèi)容處，再仔細(xì)進(jìn)行閱讀，找到相關(guān)信息，并完成句子。 1. Mario would like _____ an animal doctor. 2. Mario works for an animal hospital because he wants ________ about how _______ for animals. 3. Mary decided ________ for a job at an after-school reading program last year. She still works there now _______ kids learn to read. 4. Mary has a dream job because she can do what she loves ____________. 5. Check the answers. ( 1. to be 2. to know, to care 3. to try, to help 4. to do） 6. Group work Now we see being a volunteer is great. Would you like to be a volunteer? What are you good at? What kind of volunteer job would you like to do? Please plan a volunteer schedule in each group. Step 5 Language points 1. Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. 以上兩句中的each和every是一對近義詞，但各自的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。 1) 從語義上看，兩者都可表示 “每個(gè)”， “一切的”。很多時(shí)候，兩詞可以互換使用，但意思略有差別： each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性，著眼于整體中的個(gè)體。例如: Each man has his own name. 每個(gè)人都有自己的名字。 Each time you practice, you get better at playing tennis. 每一次你進(jìn)行網(wǎng)球練習(xí)，你都會打的更好。 every強(qiáng)調(diào)共性，著眼于整體。例如: I get sick every time I eat seafood. 每次我吃海鮮都會生病。 Every one of your must attend the meeting. 你們每個(gè)人都必須參加會議。 2) 從語法上看，each可用形容詞和代詞，而every只用作形容詞： He gave two to each (person). Each (school) has its own library. We have every reason to believe that the operation will be a success. 我們完全有理由相信手術(shù)會取得成功。 every和each用于主語時(shí)，謂語均要求單數(shù)匹配: Each student was asked the same question. 每個(gè)學(xué)生都被問了同樣的問題。 Every child was dressed in a costume. 所有的孩子都穿了演出服。 3) 兩種不可使用each的情況： 切勿將each和almost, nearly及not搭配使用，應(yīng)用every: Almost every cake was sold. 幾乎所有的蛋糕都賣完了。 Not every student went on holiday. 并非每個(gè)學(xué)生都去度假了。 切勿在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中使用each, 應(yīng)用none: None of the books are mine. 沒有一本書是我的。（不說：Each of thee books are not mine.） 2. …but I want to learn more about how to care for animals. 但是我想學(xué)習(xí)更多關(guān)于如何照顧動物的事。 how to care for animals是復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作介詞about賓語。相當(dāng)于：特殊疑問詞+ to不定式，構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。(how he could care for animals). 【練習(xí)】 他們不知道在哪里可以建新房。 They don’t know where they can build the new house. （同義轉(zhuǎn)換） = They don’t know where to build the new house. 3. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces. 當(dāng)我看到動物們漸好，看到它們主人臉上喜悅的表情時(shí)，我產(chǎn)生出那么一種極強(qiáng)的滿足感來。 此句中g(shù)et的兩次用法意義各不相同。第一個(gè)get的意思是“產(chǎn)生；形成”，為及物動詞，常與feeling，idea等詞搭配使用。例如： Do you get the feeling that we’re not welcome here? (翻譯) 你有感覺到這里不歡迎我們嗎？ 第二個(gè)get是系動詞，后接形容詞，表示體質(zhì)、情緒、天氣等方面的改變，通常譯作“變得；成為”。例如： He got angry with me after that. 4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 去年，她決定參加一個(gè)課外閱讀項(xiàng)目的志愿者選拔。 句中try out for是一個(gè)短語動詞，意為“報(bào)名參加選拔；申請參選（某項(xiàng)活動）為其中一員”。例如： Why did you decide to try out for the Olympics? 你為什么要報(bào)名參選奧運(yùn)會？ 另有短語動詞try out, 意為“試驗(yàn)；嘗試檢驗(yàn)（某種方法或儀器設(shè)備的實(shí)用性或運(yùn)作是否正常）”。例如： 她喜歡嘗試各種新的辦法來做事情。(翻譯) She enjoys trying out new ways of doing things. 5. She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read. 她仍舊在那里一周工作一次幫助孩子們閱讀。 to help kids learn to read 不定式短語作目的狀語 learn to read是help的賓語 6. Volunteering here is a dream come true for me. 在這里當(dāng)志愿者對我來說是夢想成真。 此句中a dream come true表示“夢想成為現(xiàn)實(shí)；夢想成真”，是一個(gè)常見的表達(dá)方式。例如： I got the latest CD player as a birthday present yesterday. It was just a dream come true. 昨天我收到了一份生日禮物，是那種最新的光碟播放機(jī)，真是夢想成真了！ Volunteering here是動名詞短語做主語。例如： ________________ is fun for me. 踢足球?qū)ξ襾碚f很有趣。 _______________ helps us to keep healthy. 騎車可以幫助我們保持健康。 7. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time. 我可以做我所喜歡的事情，同時(shí)還可以幫助他人。 從句what I love to do 在句子中作do的賓語。 【即學(xué)即練】 I don’t know ____________(該做什么）next. You can ask Mr Zhang ___________（到哪里）to get the information you need. Step 6 Exercises Ⅰ.根據(jù)語境及所給首字母提示，補(bǔ)全所缺單詞。 1. This old man likes traveling but he can’t stand taking a longjby bus. 2. I don’t like going outaafter dark. So can you go with me? 3. —Are you theoof the car? —Yes, it’s mine. 4. We have difficulty inrmoney. Can you give us some ideas? Ⅱ.根據(jù)句意，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空，每詞限用一次。 satisfaction, several, strong, feeling, joy 1. Don’t try to go back to work before you are physically ________ enough. 2. It is a good ________ to be arriving home again. 3. Jenny was happy to see me. She jumped for ________. 4. We must do the work to the ________ of clients (客戶). 5. There are ________ books on the desk. Which one do you want? Keys: Ⅰ. 1. journey 2. alone 3. owner 4. raising Ⅱ. 1. strong 2. feeling 3. joy 4. satisfaction 5. several Homework Make sentences with these phrases. help (to) do; want to do; learn to do; decide to do; how to do; volunteer to do Section A 3 (Grammar focus-4c) 一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)： 1. 語言知識目標(biāo)： 1) 學(xué)習(xí)掌握下列詞匯：sign, sick, raise, alone 2）進(jìn)行一步復(fù)習(xí)鞏固學(xué)習(xí)Section A 部分所學(xué)的生詞和詞組。 3）對動詞不定式的用法進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)，掌握其規(guī)則。 4) 通過不同方式的練習(xí)，來熟練運(yùn)用本單元出現(xiàn)的詞組及動詞不定式。 2. 情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)： 使學(xué)生在談?wù)撊绾螢閯e人提供幫助的對話中能意識到盡己所能，幫助他人，樂于奉獻(xiàn)是一種良好的品德，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生為他人著想，熱愛公益事業(yè)，樂于助人的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。 二、教學(xué)重難點(diǎn) 1. 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)： 1) 復(fù)習(xí)鞏固Section A 部分所學(xué)的生詞和詞組，達(dá)到熟練運(yùn)用的目標(biāo)。 2) 掌握和運(yùn)用動詞不定式的用法。 2. 教學(xué)難點(diǎn)： 1) 掌握學(xué)過的后面跟不定式做賓語的動詞。 2) 掌握動詞不定式作不同的句子成份。 三、教學(xué)過程 Step 1 Revision Complete the sentences. Mario and Mary ____ ___ several hours each week __ ____ others. Mario wants __ ___ an animal doctor. He _________ at an animal hospital. He wants __ _____ more about ____ __ care for animals. Mary is a book lover. She could read by herself __ ___ ____ of four. Last year, she decided __ ___ ___ for a volunteer after-school _______ program. Mary still works there once a week __ ____ kids _____ __ read. Volunteering here is a dream come true for her. She can what she _____ ___ ___and helps others at the same time. Can you tell something about Mary to us? Answers: give up, to help, to be, volunteers, to learn, how to, at the age, to try out, reading, to help, learn to, loves to do Step 2 Grammar focus 1. 閱讀Grammar Focus中的句子，然后做填空練習(xí)。 ① 我想去幫助無家可歸的人。 I’d ____ ___ ______ homeless people. ② 你可以請求醫(yī)院允許你探訪兒童并讓他們變得更高興。 You could _____ hospital ___ ____ you visit the kids and cheer them up. ③ 他自愿一周去那里一次去幫助孩子們學(xué)習(xí)讀書 She ________ there once a week ____ ______ kids learn to read. ④ 他決定參加一個(gè)志愿者課后閱讀節(jié)目的選拔。 She _______ ______ try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. ⑤ 馬里奧相信這會幫助他獲得他的夢想工作。 Mario believes it can help him _____ _____ his future dream job. ⑥ 我正在制作一些告示，并將它們張貼于學(xué)校里。 I’m making some sings _____ _____ _____ around the school. 2. 學(xué)生們根據(jù)記憶，看大屏幕來完成填空練習(xí)。 3. 學(xué)生們完成填空試題后，可以打開課本檢查答案，對錯(cuò)誤的句子，單獨(dú)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化記憶。 Step 3 New words Look at the big screen and learn the new words and expressions: 1. raise v. 募集；征集 e.g. They sold something to raise money. 他們賣掉一些東西來募集錢。 2. alone adj. adv. 獨(dú)自；單獨(dú) e.g. I don’t like to go out alone at night. 我不喜歡晚上獨(dú)自一人外出。 辨析：lonely 與 alone lonely 情感上的孤獨(dú)，寂寞。 alone 獨(dú)自一人（單不定感覺寂寞）。 e.g. Linda was alone in the house. 琳達(dá)獨(dú)自一人呆在房子里。 She lives alone and often feels lonely. 她孑然一身，常感到寂寞。 Step 4 動詞不定式用法小結(jié)： 觀察下列不定式在句中的作用。 1. To see is to believe. 主語，表語 2. Tom wants to see an alien. 賓語 3. My brother got up early to watch the final soccer game on TV. 目的狀語 4. He was too excited to say a word. 結(jié)果狀語 5. The sad movie made us cry. 賓語補(bǔ)主語 6. It is important for us to drink enough water. 真正的主語 1. 做動詞賓語。常見動詞有would like, want, help, learn, hope, decide, volunteer。 e.g. We don’t want to spend too much money. 我們不想花費(fèi)太多錢。 2. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語。常見動詞有 ask, want, tell, invite, like, hate。 e.g. Mr. Li asked the students to copy the text. 李老師讓學(xué)生們抄寫課文。 3. 作目的狀語。 e.g. Jack turned his head around to look at people. 杰克轉(zhuǎn)過頭看向人群。 4. 作后置定語。 e.g. Claire missed a great chance to make a lot of money. 克萊爾錯(cuò)過了一個(gè)賺大錢的機(jī)會。 5. 動詞help及一些役使動詞后面常省略to。 e.g. My mother wouldn’t let me go to the movie. 媽媽不會讓我去看電影的。 6. It做形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式。 e.g. It is important for us to protect the environment. 保護(hù)環(huán)境對我們來說很重要。 Step 5 Exercise: Ⅰ. 根據(jù)句意及括號內(nèi)所給單詞的提示填空。 1. Mr. Miller gave up his job ________(look) after his sick daughter. 2. Kate would like ________(be) a teacher when she grows up. 3. Mrs. Hand didn’t let me ________(give) out the newspapers. 4. Every weekend Alice works in the club ________(help) kids read and write. 5. Mom asks me not ________(spend) too much time on computer games. Answers: 1. to look 2. to be 3. give 4. to help 5. to spend Ⅱ. 完成句子. 1. Who will _______________ (自愿讀) these words for us? 2. The girl often _____ her mother ______ the dishes (幫媽媽洗餐具) on weekends. 3. We ______her ________ (邀請來) to our party. 4. The old man had ______________ (無事可做) every day. Answers: volunteer to read, helps / do, asked / to come, nothing to do Step 6 Practice 1. 4a: Fill in the bl