山東省濱州市2019年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法九 動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)剖析.doc

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動(dòng)詞 語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)剖析 考點(diǎn)一 常見易混動(dòng)詞辨析 1．spend/pay/cost/take表示“花費(fèi)” spend 主語(yǔ)是人，指花費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢。spend... on...; spend... (in) doing sth. pay 主語(yǔ)是人，指花費(fèi)金錢。pay... for...＝spend... on cost 主語(yǔ)是物或某種活動(dòng)，指花費(fèi)金錢或其他代價(jià)。sth. cost(s) (sb.)．.. take 多用it作形式主語(yǔ)，指花費(fèi)時(shí)間。It takes sb. ... to do sth.＝Sb. spend(s)．.. (in) doing sth. Mom never spends any money on herself.媽媽從來(lái)都不在自己身上花錢。 May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week.你能借給我12塊錢嗎？我下周還你。 It wont cost you a penny for the first six months.開始的六個(gè)月你不用花一分錢。 It took them three years to build this road.他們用三年時(shí)間修完了這條路。 2．look/watch/see/read 表示“看” look 看(動(dòng)作)；可單獨(dú)成句；look at... watch 看(電視、比賽)；注視 see 看見(結(jié)果)；看望；理解(I see.) read 看(書、報(bào))；讀；讀懂別人的內(nèi)心 ★look可以表示“看上去”，是感官系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞。 ★看病(看醫(yī)生)用see a doctor表示。 3．speak/say/talk/tell表示“說” speak 發(fā)言；說(某種語(yǔ)言) say 說(內(nèi)容)；寫有 talk 談?wù)摚籺alk about sth.; talk to/with sb. tell 告訴；講述；tell sb. (not) to do sth. 4.感官系動(dòng)詞look/taste/sound/feel/smell look 看起來(lái)(視覺) taste 嘗起來(lái)(味覺) sound 聽起來(lái)(聽覺) feel 摸起來(lái)(觸覺) smell 聞起來(lái)(嗅覺) 5.borrow/lend/keep表示“借” borrow 借用；borrow sth. from sb. lend 借給；lend sth. to sb. keep 借用若干時(shí)間；keep... for 2 days 6.hope/wish/expect hope 希望；hope to to sth.; hope＋that 從句 wish 但愿、希望；wish to do sth.; wish sb. to do sth.; wish＋that 從句 expect 期待、期望； expect to do sth.; expect sb. to do sth. 7.forget/leave forget 表示“忘記”時(shí)，forget通常不能與表示地點(diǎn)的副詞或短語(yǔ)連用 leave 在表示“遺忘”時(shí)，通常要與表示地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)連用 8.hear/listen/sound hear 聽見；hear＋名詞(強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的結(jié)果) listen 聽；listen to＋名詞(強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的過程) sound 聽起來(lái)； sound＋形容詞(強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的效果) 9.wear/put on/dress/be in wear “穿著；戴著”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，wear后可接穿戴的東西，包括眼鏡、首飾等 put on “穿上；戴上”，指“穿”的動(dòng)作，反義詞為“take off” dress “穿衣”，是及物動(dòng)詞，后接人作賓語(yǔ)，意為“給某人穿衣服”；dress onself“打扮；給自己穿衣服” be in 表示狀態(tài)，后接衣服，也可接表顏色的詞 10.reach/get/arrive reach “到達(dá)”，是及物動(dòng)詞(比get更正式)，其后可直接接地點(diǎn)名詞作賓語(yǔ)(不能用介詞) get “到達(dá)”，不及物動(dòng)詞，之后通常接介詞 to arrive “到達(dá)”，不及物動(dòng)詞，之后通常接介詞 at (一般用于較小的地方)或 in (一般用于較大的地方) 1．(xx廣東揭陽(yáng)普寧模擬)I dont know the restaurant, but its to be quite a good one. A．said B．told C．spoken D．talked 2．(xx廣西貴港港南二模)—How much money did he you yesterday? —500 yuan. I told him I would return it to him in three weeks. A．give B．borrow C．lend D．make 3．(xx湖北十堰模擬)Mom, this kind of fruit nice. Id like to taste one. A．sounds B．smells C．looks D．feels 4．(xx山東東營(yíng)廣饒模擬)I really enjoy the fresh fish soup in Lanhai International Hotel. It delicious. A．feels B．sounds C．smells D．tastes 5．(xx甘肅定西中考改編)—I cant find my English textbook. —Is it possible that you it at home? A．lost B．saw C．left D．forgot 考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析 常考的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析有三種：第一種是同一動(dòng)詞的不同搭配；第二種是同一副詞或介詞與不同動(dòng)詞的搭配；第三種是完全不同的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 1．同一動(dòng)詞的不同搭配 (1)look短語(yǔ) look after照料；照顧　look at看 look for尋找；尋求　look forward to盼望；期待 look out注意；當(dāng)心；向外看 look through快速查看；瀏覽 look up(在詞典、參考書中或通過電腦)查閱；抬頭看 look up to欽佩；仰慕 (2)cut短語(yǔ) cut down砍倒　cut off切除 cut out刪除；刪去　cut up切碎 (3)run短語(yǔ) run after追逐；追趕　run away跑開 run out (of)用盡；耗盡 (4)turn短語(yǔ) turn down調(diào)低　turn up調(diào)高 turn...into變成 turn on接通(電流、煤氣、水等)；打開 turn off關(guān)掉　turn left/right向左/右轉(zhuǎn) (5)take短語(yǔ) take after(外貌或行為)像　take care of照顧；處理 take down拆除；往下拽；記錄 take in吸入；吞入(體內(nèi)) take off脫下；起飛 take place發(fā)生；出現(xiàn) take up (尤指為消遣)學(xué)著做；開始做 (6)get短語(yǔ) get dressed穿上衣服　get into陷入；參與 get lost迷路　get off下車　get on 上車 get on with與……相處　get up起床；站起 (7)use短語(yǔ) be/get used to習(xí)慣于 be used to do被用來(lái)做…… used to曾經(jīng)……；過去…… (8)give短語(yǔ) give away贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)　give out分發(fā)；散發(fā) give up放棄　give in屈服 give off發(fā)出(光、氣味等)；長(zhǎng)出(枝、杈等) (9)call短語(yǔ) call (sb.) back(給某人)回電話 call in召來(lái)；叫來(lái) call up打電話給(某人)；征召 (10)come短語(yǔ) come true實(shí)現(xiàn)；成為現(xiàn)實(shí) come up with想出；提出(主意、計(jì)劃、回答等) (11)bring短語(yǔ) bring back恢復(fù)；使想起；歸還 bring up養(yǎng)育；撫養(yǎng) bring out使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出 (12)fall短語(yǔ) fall asleep進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)；睡著 fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌 fall in love with愛上；喜歡上　fall over絆倒 (13)go短語(yǔ) go along (the street) 沿著(這條街)走 go off (鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲　go out外出(娛樂) (14)make短語(yǔ) make sure確保；查明 make up編造(故事、謊言等) make a decision做決定 make fun of取笑 make use of利用 (15)put短語(yǔ) put on增加(體重)；發(fā)胖　put off推遲 put up搭建；舉起；張貼　put away收拾(整理)好 put sth.to good use好好利用某物　put out熄滅 (16)set短語(yǔ) set out出發(fā)；啟程 set up建起；建立 2．同一副詞或介詞與不同動(dòng)詞的搭配 (1)up短語(yǔ) cheer up(使)變得更高興；振奮起來(lái) clean up打掃(或清除)干凈 dress up裝扮；喬裝打扮 end up最終成為；最后處于 fix up修理；裝飾 grow up長(zhǎng)大；成熟 hurry up趕快；急忙 pick up撿起；接電話 show up趕到；露面 stay up熬夜 wake up醒；叫醒 (2)out短語(yǔ) blow out吹滅 check out察看；觀察　clear out清理；丟掉 find out查明；弄清 hand out分發(fā) hang out閑逛；常去某處　lay out擺開；布置 leave out不包括；不提及；忽略 sell out賣光 set out出發(fā)；啟程 work out成功地發(fā)展；解決 (3)down短語(yǔ) die down逐漸變?nèi)酰恢饾u消失 look down瞧不起 let...down使失望　lie down躺下 pull...down拆下；摧毀 write down寫下；記錄下 (4)with短語(yǔ) agree with同意；贊成 compare...with比較；對(duì)比 connect...with...把……和……連接或聯(lián)系起來(lái) deal with應(yīng)付；處理　share with分享 part with放棄、交出(尤指不舍得的東西) 3．完全不同的動(dòng)詞詞組 ask for請(qǐng)求；懇求(給予) care for照顧；非常喜歡 believe in信任；信賴　care about關(guān)心；在意 clean...off把……擦掉 depend on依靠；信賴 divide...into把……分開 separate from分開；分離 hear from接到(某人的)信、電話等 throw away扔掉；拋棄 drop by順便訪問；隨便進(jìn)入 stick to堅(jiān)持；固守　pay attention to注意；關(guān)注 pass by路過；經(jīng)過　pay for付費(fèi)；付出代價(jià) prepare for...為……做準(zhǔn)備 pull together齊心協(xié)力；通力合作 shut off關(guān)閉；停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) take sb.s place代替、替換某人的位置 think of認(rèn)為 1．(xx山東臨沂費(fèi)縣一模)In a basketball game, its very important for the players to play together and the best in each other. A．hand out B．bring out C．take out D．leave out 2．(xx黑龍江哈爾濱道外改編)—One of the biggest problems for me is procrastination(拖延癥). What should I do? — what you need to do first, and go for it today. A．Watch out B．Work out C．Wear out D．Look out 3．(xx湖北十堰丹江口診斷)—Be careful not to the letter “b” when you spell the word “climb”． —Thank you for reminding me of that. A．lay out B．leave out C．bring out D．find out 4．(xx江蘇常州常熟一模)—Excuse me, sir.But smoking is not allowed here. —Sorry, I didnt see the sign. Ill my cigarette(香煙) at once. A．put out B．put away C．put up D．put off 5．(xx安徽中考)Some animals can the color around to protect themselves. A．take on B．give up C．put away D．see off 6．(xx湖北襄陽(yáng)中考)—Mom, can I leave the chores till tomorrow? —Im afraid not.You cant todays work till tomorrow. A．put off B．turn down C．give away D．look up 7．(xx湖北宜昌中考)—Were not supposed to those who failed. —No one can be a winner all the time. A．turn out B．laugh at C．spread out D．share with 考點(diǎn)三 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式與原形相比，表示更委婉的語(yǔ)氣。 2．mustnt表示否定意義，意為“禁止，不允許”。 3．have to有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，表示受客觀條件限制，意為“不得不”。 She has to take the bus to work.她不得不坐公共汽車去上班。 4．“May...？”句式的肯定回答是“Yes, ...can.”，否定回答是“No, ...cant.”。 “Must...？”句式的肯定回答是“Yes, ...must.”，否定回答是“No, ...neednt./...dont have to.”。 1．(xx內(nèi)蒙古通遼中考)Where are you going for your summer holidays? I go to Dalian. I havent decided. A．may B．need C．must D．mustnt 2．(xx江蘇鹽城中考)Look, little Jim is swimming so fast. I believe my eyes. A．shouldnt B．cant C．mustnt D．neednt 3．(xx江蘇泰州中考)To keep children away from danger during the coming summer holiday, parents give them some safety tips. A．should B．may C．could D．might 4．(xx福建中考改編)—Must I hand in the survey on the use of bicyclesharing right now? —No, you ． A．neednt B．cant C．shouldnt D．mustnt 5．(xx廣東中考)—Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice. —If farmers start planting rice in salty water, Chinas food supply will surely rise. A．can B．cant C．must D．mustnt 考點(diǎn)四 系動(dòng)詞 系動(dòng)詞本身沒有詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，說明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、特征等。 分類 常見例詞 表示狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞 be 表示持續(xù)性的系動(dòng)詞 keep, remain, stay, stand 表示感官的系動(dòng)詞 taste, smell, feel, look, sound 表示變化的系動(dòng)詞 become, turn, go, grow, get 1．—Excuse me. Id like a Christmas gift for my friend. —What about this pair of gloves? It beautiful. A．feels B．looks C．seems D．becomes 2．The two boys fond of the new toy bought by their father. A．be B．a(chǎn)m C．is D．a(chǎn)re 3．Almost all the water gone. Please save water! A．a(chǎn)re B．is C．have D．were 考點(diǎn)五 助動(dòng)詞 1．助動(dòng)詞be 助動(dòng)詞be主要用來(lái)表示各種時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2．助動(dòng)詞do 有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，主要用來(lái)構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句子的否定句、疑問句或?qū)χ^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。 Do you know China well？你很了解中國(guó)嗎？ Did your father call you yesterday？你爸爸昨天給你打電話了嗎？ 3．助動(dòng)詞have 與過去分詞構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)。 You havent been abroad before, have you？你以前沒出過國(guó)，是不是？ 1．(xx湖北鄂州中考)—He didnt go to school late yesterday, did he? — ， though it rained hard yesterday. A．No, he didnt B．Yes, he didnt C．Yes, he did D．No, he did 2．(xx湖南永州中考改編)David, make trouble at school. A．cant B．dont C．doesnt D．isnt 3．Mr. Smiths plane . Lets wait for him here. A．hasnt arrived B．didnt arrive C．doesnt arrive D．couldnt arrive 參考答案 【語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)剖析】 考點(diǎn)一　1～5 ACBDC 考點(diǎn)二　1～5 BBBAA　6～7 AB 考點(diǎn)三　1～5 ABAAA 考點(diǎn)四　1～3 BDB 考點(diǎn)五　1～3 CBA