高中英語人教版 選修9教師用書：Unit 4 SectionⅣ GrammarWriting Word版含答案

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1、 精品資料 Section_ⅣUsing_Language Ⅰ.高頻單詞點(diǎn)擊 1．rot vt. & vi.腐爛；腐敗 2．evolve vt. & vi.發(fā)展；進(jìn)展；進(jìn)化→evolution n. 演變；進(jìn)化→evolutionism n. 進(jìn)化論；進(jìn)化說 3．a(chǎn)ttach vt.縛上；系上；附加 4．typical adj.典型的，有代表性的→typicality n．典型性；特征→typically adv. 代表性地 5．delicate adj.精巧的；脆弱的；微妙的→delicately adv.巧妙地；細(xì)致地

2、 6．fragrant adj.芬芳的；香的→fragrance n. 香味；芬芳 7．dull adj.不鮮明的；陰暗的→dully adv.蕭條地；不景氣地 8．fruity adj.果味的；(酒)有葡萄味的 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語必記 1．pass on　 進(jìn)入另一個(gè)(活動(dòng))階段；前進(jìn)；傳給后代 2．depend on 依靠；取決于 3．give out 發(fā)出(氣味、 熱等)；分發(fā) Ⅲ.常用句型必備 1．For example，yellow flowers attract bees, while red flower attract butterflies. 2. ...u

3、sually the nectar is at the end of a small, narrow tube_whose length is the same as the tongue of a particular species. Ⅳ.功能意念項(xiàng)目 表達(dá)情感：驚奇、厭惡(Expressing emotions：wonder，disgust) That's amazing！　　　　What fantastic plants! Wow！How interesting! I think it's fantastic! Oh，yuck! That's disgusting!

4、 1．evolve v．逐步發(fā)展；逐漸演變；進(jìn)化；進(jìn)化形成 evolve from sth.　　 由某物/從某物進(jìn)化而來 evolve into sth. 逐漸形成某物 The three species evolved from a single ancestor. 這三種生物從同一祖先進(jìn)化而來。 After billions of years, some species evolved into their present forms. 幾十億年之后，一些物種才演變成了它們現(xiàn)在的形式。 evolution n．　　　　　　　 進(jìn)化；演變 evolutionary a

5、dj. 進(jìn)化的，演變的 The teacher is explaining the theory of evolution to the students. 老師正在給學(xué)生們解釋進(jìn)化論。 　　 (1)他經(jīng)過多年的研究，總結(jié)出了新的理論。 He evolved_a_new_theory after many years of research. (2)他們要從大量龐雜的證據(jù)中推斷出有用的信息。 They should evolve_the_useful_information_from a mass of confused evidence. 2．a(chǎn)ttach vt.

6、縛上；系上；附加 attach ...to ...　 把……固定(附在)……上 attach importance/significance/value to sth. 認(rèn)為……有重要性 (或意義、價(jià)值等) attach to 與……有聯(lián)系/關(guān)聯(lián) Please attach a recent photo to your application form. 請(qǐng)?jiān)谏暾?qǐng)表上貼一張近期照片。 I attach great importance to this research. 我認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究十分重要。 attached adj.　　　　　 依戀的；附加的 be att

7、ached to 附著于；依戀 What happened would depend on how strongly the things were attached to the Earth. 物體附著在地球上的強(qiáng)度決定了事情的發(fā)生傾向。 　　 (1)我們大家都非常重視英語學(xué)習(xí)。 All of us attach_great_importance_to the English learning. (2)我依戀故鄉(xiāng)的一草一木。 I am_attached_to every tree and bush in my hometown. (3)此次意外事故與他無關(guān)。 No bl

8、ame attaches_to him for the accident. 3．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；一向如此的 be typical of ... 是典型的……；是……的特點(diǎn) It is typical of sb. to do sth. 做……是某人的特點(diǎn)；某人一向如此 typically adv. 典型地，有代表性地 It was typical of him to be so rude. 他一向都是這樣粗魯無禮。 Researchers have found that the first two children in a family ar

9、e typically more different from each other than the second and third. 研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)家庭的前兩個(gè)孩子之間與第二個(gè)和第三個(gè)孩子之間有更加明顯的差異。 　　 (1)起初發(fā)燒是這病的特征；但是它總是要幾個(gè)星期才顯現(xiàn)出來。 At first, fever is_typical_of the disease, but it typically takes several weeks to appear. (2)Typically, he is ready to help others. It_is_typical_of

10、_him_to_be_ready_to_help_others. 1．pass on進(jìn)入另一個(gè)(活動(dòng))階段；前進(jìn)；傳給 Read the newspaper, and then pass it on. 讀完報(bào)紙后，往下傳。 pass sth. on to sb.　　 將某物傳給某人 pass away 去世 pass by 走過，經(jīng)過 pass sth. down 從一代傳給下一代 pass out 昏倒，失去知覺 pass through 經(jīng)過，經(jīng)歷 She said she'd pass the message on to the other

11、 students. 她說她會(huì)把口信傳給其他學(xué)生。 The old man has passed through lots of sufferings. 這位老人飽嘗了辛酸。 　　 (1)Some customs have died out but some will pass on for some time. (2)I nearly passed out when I saw all the blood. (3)The tradition has been passed down from father to son for generations. (4)They all

12、 waved as they passed by. 2．depend on依靠；依賴 Not having a car or knowing the city, I was depending on a couple of buses to get me from A to B. 由于沒有車，而且對(duì)這個(gè)城市也不熟悉，所以我依靠公交車來往于A、B兩地。 depend on/upon sb.to do sth.　　　　　 依靠某人做某事 depend on/upon sb. for sth. 靠某人供給某物 depend on/upon it that ... 相信…… Th

13、at/It (all) depends. 視情況而定。 (常用于交際英語) You may depend on it that it won't happen again. 你要相信那樣的事不會(huì)再發(fā)生了。 　　介、代詞填空或用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (1)You may depend on it that I can come on time. (2)He depends on his parents to_take (take) care of his children. (3)Children depend on their parents for food and c

14、lothing. 3．give out (1)分發(fā) Give the money out to the children. 把錢分給孩子們。 (2)用完，用盡 Our food supply at last gave out. 我們的食物終于用完了。 His strength gave out. 他已精疲力竭。 (3)公布，宣布；發(fā)表；發(fā)出 It was given out that he was dead. 他的死訊已經(jīng)公布。 The radio is giving out a signal. 這收音機(jī)發(fā)出了一種信號(hào)。 give back　　　 歸還 give

15、 away 贈(zèng)送，頒發(fā)；放棄(機(jī)會(huì)) give in 屈服，投降，退讓(to) give off (散)發(fā)出(蒸氣)，發(fā)散(光線) give up 放棄，停止 Never give in to any difficulty. 絕不向困難低頭。 　　 (1)Eventually I gave in and accepted the job on their terms. (2)My money was beginning to give out and there were no jobs to be found. (3)You can look at it a

16、s long as you give it back. 1．For example，yellow followers attract bees, while red flowers attract butterflies. 例如：黃花吸引蜜蜂，而紅花吸引蝴蝶。 句中while為并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)分句，意為“而，然而”，表示對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折。while位于兩個(gè)分句之間。 Some people waste food while others haven't enough. 有些人浪費(fèi)糧食，然而有些人卻吃不飽。 while也可作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)以下從句： (1)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)

17、……的時(shí)候”，此時(shí)從句謂語通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 Mary watched TV while she had supper. 瑪麗邊吃飯邊看電視。 He caught a cold while (he was) on vacation. 他度假時(shí)患了感冒。 (2)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，通常位于句首，意為“盡管；雖然”。 While I agree with your reasons, I can't allow it. 盡管我同意你的理由，但我不允許這樣做。 (3)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“只要”，其意思和用法相當(dāng)于as long as。while可位于句首，也可位于句中。 There

18、 will be life while there is water and air. 只要有空氣和水，就有生命。 　　 　好的習(xí)慣總是使得效率提高，而不好的習(xí)慣導(dǎo)致相反(的結(jié)果)。 Good habits always lead to high efficiency, while_bad_ones_lead_to_the_opposite. 2．... usually the nectar is at the end of a small, narrow tube whose_length is the same as the tongue of a particular spec

19、ies. ……花粉通常在狹小的花管子的一段，其長度與特定花粉傳播者的舌頭相當(dāng)。 關(guān)系代詞whose表示“……的”，是關(guān)系代詞who和which的所有格，因此既可指人，也可指物。在從句中，whose作定語修飾名詞，被修飾詞可以是從句的主語、賓語或介詞賓語。 They cleaned the house whose windows faced south.(修飾從句的主語) 他們把那所窗戶朝南的房子清掃了。 The gentleman，with whose daughter I worked，looked down upon women.(修飾從句的介詞賓語daughter) 那位先生

20、看不起婦女，他的女兒曾經(jīng)跟我一塊工作過。 　　 (1)他就是我昨天借用他鋼筆的那個(gè)男孩。 He is the boy whose_pen_I_borrowed yesterday. (2)上個(gè)月，中國東北部分地區(qū)遭受洪水襲擊，現(xiàn)在那些地區(qū)的人們?nèi)匀辉馐芎樗绊懼唷? Last month，parts of northeast China were struck by floods, from_whose_effects the people are still suffering. 如何寫說明文 【寫作任務(wù)】 假定你是李華，你的美國朋友Sarah打算暑期來北京旅游，

21、來信詢問改建后前門大街的情況。請(qǐng)你寫封回信，簡單介紹以下內(nèi)容： 1．簡況：長800余米、600多年歷史、300余家商鋪； 2．位置：天安門廣場南面； 3．交通：公共汽車17、69、59等路，地鐵2號(hào)線； 4．特色：步行街、當(dāng)當(dāng)車、茶館、劇院等。 參考詞匯：步行街 pedestrian street 當(dāng)當(dāng)車 trolley car　地鐵 subway 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3．開頭語已為你寫好。 Dear Sarah， Thank you for your letter asking about the rebuilt Qianm

22、en Street.Here is something about it. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 【范文在線】 Dear Sarah， Th

23、ank you for your letter asking about the rebuilt Qianmen Street.Here is something about it. Qianmen Street is a famous street of over 600 years old.Along this 800-metre street, there are more than 300 shops.As the street is in the center of Beijing, just to the south of Tian'anmen Square, it's very

24、 convenient to get there by bus.You may take Buses No.17,69 or 59, Subway Line 2 has a stop there too.Qianmen Street is a pedestrian street, but there are trolley cars to take you not only to the shops, but also to theaters and teahouses where you can experience a truly Chinese way of life.I'm sure

25、you'll like it. Yours， Li Hua 【靚點(diǎn)點(diǎn)擊】 作者能把握住寫說明文的基本要求，條理分明，語言簡潔。文章詳細(xì)地介紹了改建后前門大街的情況。 說明文是以客觀解說事物或事理為內(nèi)容，以給人知識(shí)為目的，以說明為主要表達(dá)方式的一種文體。 寫說明文要抓住事物的特征，有目的地具體解說，同時(shí)，還要抓住事物的本質(zhì)，科學(xué)地加以說明。說明文只要求把事物和事理解釋清楚，不要求抒發(fā)個(gè)人情感，因此語言要通俗簡潔，說明過程要條理清楚。說明文多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 說明文常用的寫作方法有：按照時(shí)間順序說明；按照空間位置進(jìn)行說明；先講道理，后舉例子；先舉例子，后講道理；把同類或不同類的事物

26、加以比較；先使用數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行說明，再對(duì)事物做出簡要結(jié)論等。說明文應(yīng)該寫得條理分明、層次清楚、語言簡潔而有邏輯性。 介紹一種你熟悉的花，如：rose(玫瑰)，chrysanthemum(菊花)，orchid(蘭花)，lily(百合)，daffodil(水仙花)，Rafflesia arnoldii(大王花)等。你可以從以下幾個(gè)方面介紹這種花： 1．產(chǎn)地； 2．典型特征，如：顏色、形狀、氣味等； 3．如何傳授花粉？ 4．如何獲取營養(yǎng)？ 注意：詞數(shù)100左右。 _______________________________________________________________

27、_________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

28、_____ ________________________________________________________________________ 參考范文： Rafflesia arnoldii Rafflesia arnoldii grows in the rainforest of Southeast Asia, but due to the destruction of the forests, it is becoming very rare.At about one meter wide, the flower of Rafflesia arnoldii is t

29、he largest flower in the world.The Rafflesia arnoldii flower looks and smells like rotting meat.This means it attracts pollinators, such as flies and other insects that eat dead animals.However, instead of getting a feed, the insects pick up its pollen and spread it to other Rafflesia plants.Raffles

30、ia arnoldii doesn't have any leaves, stems or roots.It does not need them as it is a parasite and so gets its food from another plant. Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．The developmental history of the society tells us that man has evolved (進(jìn)化) from the ape. 2．Let's attach (系) labels to the luggage. 3．He bought a vase

31、 with a delicate (精致的) pattern of butterflies and leaves. 4．This is a typical (有代表性的) case in my daily work. 5．The air in the garden was warm and fragrant (芬芳)． Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．He attached his horse on a tree. on→to 2．The machine gave up a steady buzzing. up→out 3．This is the girl who name is Liu H

32、ui. who→whose 4．He always passes by at the sight of blood. by→out 5．That region has plenty of natural resources since this one has none. since→while Ⅲ.閱讀理解 A Plants, like animals, are easy to be infected by diseases of various kinds.It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases a

33、ttack our economic plants: forty are known to attack corn, and about as many attack wheat.The results of unchecked plant disease are all too obvious in countries which have only a limited number of food supplies.The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its

34、 frightening rate.Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products, there could soon be serious food shortages.It is easy to imagine the outcome of some disastrous attack on one of the major crops; the resulting famines could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardshi

35、p on other millions could cause political disturbance disastrous to the order of the world. Some plants are born with the ability to resist a great many diseases, while others are fairly easy to be infected.The tolerance (耐受性) of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change.A blight

36、(枯萎病) may be but a local infection which can be easily controlled; on the other hand, it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation.An example is the blight which killed actually every chestnut tree in North American.Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century.As

37、 a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation as potatoes were the main food for Irish people. Plant pathologists have made remarkable progress in identifying the pathogens (病原體) of the various diseases.Bacteria may invade a plant by way of insects carrying the path

38、ogen.A plant can also be inoculated by man.Frequently a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result from its lack of tolerance.The symptoms shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that the treatment may be directed toward bacteria which could be the result of a

39、 susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection. 1.How many diseases are known to attack wheat? A．Around 30,000.　　　　 　B．40. C．Around 29,960. D．Around 40. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段第二句可知，危害谷類作物的疾病和危害小麥的數(shù)目一樣多。故選B項(xiàng)。 2．Which of the following statements in NOT true? A．A major crop disease, if not ch

40、ecked, would result in many deaths in a country. B．A major crop disease, if not checked, would result in food shortages in rich countries. C．A major crop disease, if not checked, would result in an increase of world population. D．A major crop disease, if not checked, would result in political unr

41、est. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的敘述，A、B、D都可找到原文依據(jù)，C項(xiàng)沒有列出。另外，根據(jù)常識(shí)，農(nóng)作物疾病怎么能造成人口增加呢？我們也可看出C項(xiàng)為答案。 3．What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．Some plants can resist a great many diseases, while others have low immunity to them. B．The growing conditions have little impact on the tolerance of a particula

42、r plant. C．In most cases, blight develops in North America. D．A blight once killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America. 解析：選A　主旨大意題。第二段中第一句話為主題句，其他為細(xì)節(jié)，用來詳細(xì)解說該主題。 4．Which of the following statements is NOT true? A．Symptoms are always misleading. B．Some plant diseases may be caused by

43、 pathogens. C．Some plant diseases may be indirectly caused by men. D．A primary infection may lead to a secondary infection. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。仔細(xì)閱讀最后一段可知，該段第一句說科學(xué)家“在研究病原菌方面有很大進(jìn)展”，但沒有說明是否病原菌是疾病的根源。故選B項(xiàng)。 B Pilates, yoga and the running machine get all the attention when it comes to popular ways to stay

44、healthy. There is, however, a more humble exercise that might not be so attractive, but has all the benefits — walking. Certified fitness professional Jolynn Jaekel explains, “What I love about walking is that anyone can do it at any age and any fitness level. Plus, it is good for your heart, your

45、head and your wallet.” A recent report details the health benefits of walking. The report found that walking regularly to fulfill the 150 minutes of moderate physical exercise every week, recommended by the UK's chief medical officer, could save 37,000 lives each year. Scientists at the Lawrence Be

46、rkeley National Laboratory in California found that quick walking reduces the risk of heart disease more effectively than running. They observed participants aged between 18 and 80 over a six-year period and found that walking reduced the risk of heart disease by 9.3%, while running reduced it by 4.

47、5%. And there is even more good news: 30 minutes of quick walking over five days could help you sleep easily, according to research by Oregon State University. The study by the university showed that walking helped participants sleep better and feel more alert during the day. The sooner you get sta

48、rted, the sooner you'll notice the differences in your mind and body. So, go out for your 30-minute walk in a nearby park or green space. 5．The underlined word “humble” in the first paragraph probably means “________”． A．plain　　　　　　　 　B．relaxing C．popular D．a(chǎn)ctive 解析：選A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段可知，當(dāng)提到保持健康

49、的方式時(shí)首先可以想到普拉提、瑜伽和跑步機(jī)。然而，有一種不太引人注目的簡單運(yùn)動(dòng)卻讓人受益匪淺，那就是步行。由此可推知，畫線詞和“plain”意義相近。故A項(xiàng)正確。 6．What does Jolynn Jaekel think of walking? A．It's loved by people of all ages. B．It's much healthier than running. C．It's a money-saving physical exercise. D．It's becoming more and more popular. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段

50、中的“What I love about walking ... your head and your wallet.”可知，步行對(duì)人的心臟和大腦都有好處并且可以省錢。故C項(xiàng)正確。 7．What did scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory find? A．Walking helps people with sleep problems. B．Walking contributes to curing heart disease. C．Walking 150 minutes per week can save l

51、ives. D．Walking is better than running in some cases. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句中的“found that quick walking reduces the risk of heart disease more effectively than running”以及下文將步行和跑步從幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行的對(duì)比來看，前者優(yōu)于后者。故D項(xiàng)正確。 8．In which section of a newspaper can we read this text? A．Comment. B．Lifestyle. C．Education. D．Science. 解析：選B　文章出處題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了健康生活方式中的最簡單有效的方式——步行。由此可推知，可從報(bào)紙上介紹生活方式的版塊讀到該文章。故B項(xiàng)正確。