2019高考英語 語法突破四大篇 第三部分 專題4 數(shù)詞講義.doc

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專題4　數(shù)詞 框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖 基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及作用 1.常用基數(shù)詞表 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ one eleven thirty two twelve forty three thirteen fifty four fourteen sixty five fifteen seventy six sixteen eighty seven seventeen ninety eight eighteen hundred nine nineteen thousand ten twenty million/billion 2.基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成歌訣 1至12逐個(gè)記，13至19 teen結(jié)尾。 20至90整十位，ty結(jié)尾是后綴。 要是表示“幾十幾”，連字符十位連個(gè)位。 若要表示“幾百幾”，hundred之后and立。 若要用于復(fù)合形容詞，連字符相連不加-s。 注意：(1)hundred，thousand，million，billion等詞前有基數(shù)詞或several時(shí)，須用單數(shù)；與of連用時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)，但其前面不能再加數(shù)詞。如： six hundred people　　　　 hundreds of people (2)dozen前有具體數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，用單數(shù)，of可省略；當(dāng)dozen后面接these，those，them，us等詞時(shí)，須先接of，再接這些詞，但dozen仍不加-s；dozens of中的of不可省。score用法和dozen相當(dāng)，但of一般不省略。 several dozen pencils dozens of students three dozen of these eggs two dozen of them two score of eggs scores of books 3.基數(shù)詞的位置 常位于another，all之后，such，more之前，可置于last，next，other之前或之后。 another two days all the ten books one more apple two such pens his last two days/his two last days 4.基數(shù)詞的句法功能 (1)主語 Three will be enough. (2)賓語 The city has a population of three million. (3)表語 The population of this city is nearly two million. (4)同位語 They two went to the cinema. (5)定語 The river is about eight miles long. 序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及作用 1.常用序數(shù)詞表 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ first eleventh thirtieth second twelfth fortieth third thirteenth fiftieth fourth fourteenth sixtieth fifth fifteenth seventieth sixth sixteenth eightieth seventh seventeenth ninetieth eighth eighteenth hundredth ninth nineteenth thousandth tenth twentieth millionth/billionth 注意：21以上的多位數(shù)詞，只將末位數(shù)變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞，前面的其他位數(shù)仍用基數(shù)詞。如： 21st→twenty-first；22nd→twenty-second；33rd→thirty-third；100th→one hundredth 2.序數(shù)詞的句法功能 (1)定語 the first day of the week my first visit to Beijing (2)表語 You are the first to leave. (3)主語 The second was even worse. (4)同位語 Tom，the first，is here. (5)賓語 Do you prefer the first or the second? 注意：①序數(shù)詞前一般要加定冠詞the或形容詞性物主代詞。 This is the first one. This is her second visit to Japan. ②序數(shù)詞前有時(shí)可用不定冠詞a，此時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)順序。“a＋序數(shù)詞”相當(dāng)于another，表示“又一個(gè)，再一個(gè)”。 You’d better try a third time. 數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用 1.用于構(gòu)成分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù) one third two thirds/two-thirds two-fifths of the students thirty percent of the water six point four 注意：表示幾分之幾(或百分之幾)的人或物時(shí)，須在分?jǐn)?shù)(或百分?jǐn)?shù))和人或物之間加of。若充當(dāng)主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如： Seventy percent of her ine was spent on clothes. 2.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法 (1)A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋as＋原級＋as＋B The bag is twice as big as that one. (2)A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋as many/much＋名詞＋as＋B I have twice as many books as he (does). (3)A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋比較級＋than＋B This classroom is three times bigger than ours. (4)A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋the size(width/length/height/depth等)＋of＋B Your piece of bread is three times the size of mine. 注意：表達(dá)倍數(shù)時(shí)，常用half表示“一半”，用double或twice表示“兩倍”，用基數(shù)詞＋times表示三或三倍以上。 3.日期的表達(dá) (1)某年：in＋數(shù)字 in 2018 (2)某月：in＋月份 in May (3)某年某月：in＋月＋年 in May 2018 (4)某年某月某日：on＋月＋日/on＋日＋月，＋年 on May 1(st)/1(st) May,2018 4.時(shí)刻的表達(dá) twenty-one past/after eight或eight twenty-one four to/of nine或eight fifty-six half past eight或eight thirty a quarter to/of ten或nine forty-five 5.年代的表達(dá) the early 1920s/1920’s the early twenties the mid-eighties 6.其他特殊表達(dá) (1)表示“每一段時(shí)間”或“每隔……” every three days/every fourth day every other day every few days (2)表示年齡 in one’s teens in one’s twenties at the age of 17 He is twenty years old. He is a man of twenty. He is a twenty-year-old man. (3)用于習(xí)語中 one at a time　　one by one　　ten out of ten 1.數(shù)詞的拼寫錯(cuò)誤 fourty(誤)→forty(正) ninty(誤)→ninety(正) nineth(誤)→ninth(正) twentith(誤)→twentieth(正) twentieth-first(誤)→twenty-first(正) three fifth(誤)→three fifths(正) the 2th of February(誤)→the 2nd of February(正) One Thousand One Nights(誤)→One Thousand and One Nights(正) 2.特殊表達(dá)中的錯(cuò)誤 every other days(誤)→every other day(正) in his tens(誤)→in his teens(正) several dozens of them(誤)→several dozen of them(正) more two days(誤)→two more days/another two days(正) You’d better try the third time.(誤)→You’d better try a third time.(正) Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1.Actually，this latest children’s version，belonging to a program titled Xiao Xigu (literally，young artists)，is in honor of the thirtieth(thirty) anniversary of the 1987 work，praised as the most classic.(2018安徽皖北協(xié)作區(qū)高三聯(lián)考) 解析　“the＋序數(shù)詞”表示特指“第幾個(gè)”，故填thirtieth。 2.I am still thankful to my uncle for teaching me to ride a bike on my ninth(nine) birthday. (2017東北師范大學(xué)附中模擬) 解析　句意為：我依舊感謝叔叔在我九歲生日(第九個(gè)生日)時(shí)教我學(xué)會(huì)騎自行車。 3.He missed the gold in the high jump，but will get a second chance in the long jump. (2012大綱全國Ⅱ) 解析　在序數(shù)詞前用a，則表示“再次，還有”之意。 Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.I am more than happy to know you got first prize in the speech contest. (2018湖南張家界三模) 解析　the first prize為固定用法，意為“第一名，一等獎(jiǎng)”，而且英語中表示順序的序數(shù)詞前一般用the來表示順序。所以句中的a first prize中的a要改為the。 2.During the days，a series of English activities were organized.(2018云南師大附中模擬) 解析　during后接時(shí)間段，此處表示六天，故用基數(shù)詞。如果表達(dá)在第六天，則說on the sixth day。 3.In the summer holiday following my birthday，I took driving lessons.(2017全國Ⅰ) 解析　表達(dá)多少歲生日用序數(shù)詞，因此eighteen應(yīng)該改為eighteenth。 4.I still remember how hard first day was.(2017全國Ⅰ) 解析　句意為：我仍然記得第一天有多艱難。表示第幾天，序數(shù)詞前要加定冠詞the或者用限定詞進(jìn)行修飾。 5.It’s a big city with a population of about 7 .(2017河南畢業(yè)班高考適應(yīng)性練習(xí)) 解析　million前有基數(shù)詞7，須用單數(shù)。 6.I want to have a pen friend，hopefully a girl in early twenties，and with interests similar to mine.(2017河南六市聯(lián)考) 解析　表示不確定的年齡，用in one’s ＋逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1.There is(be) one desk and three chairs in the room. 2.—What’s the date today? —It’s the fourth(four) of July. 3.There are buses to the station every twentieth(twenty) minute. 4.She was the first woman towin(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 5.In order to find a better job，he decided to study a second foreign language. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 1.Two hundred dollars not large for us，and it’s easy for us to gain in two days. 2.Every year， of people die from illness caused by smoking. 3.I have already got two letters from Susan this year，and this is third one. 4.We are told that Professor Chen lives on the floor of this building. 5.Two-fifths of the on display are new items. Ⅲ.數(shù)詞填空(數(shù)詞專練) There are 1.four seasons in a year：spring，summer，autumn and winter.A year can also be divided into 2.twelve months.Each month is divided into 3.three periods：the first，the middle and the last ten-day period.Mother’s Day falls on the 4.second Sunday of May while Father’s Day on the 5.third Sunday of June every year.The 6.twelfth month of the year is December.There are 7.fifty-two plete weeks plus an extra day，or 8.two in a year because there are 9.threehundredandsixty-five days in a mon year but 10.threehundredandsixty-six days in a leap year. Ⅰ.單句語法填空 (一) 1.We can relax ourselves(we) while reading her blog. 2.That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.In short，he’s reliable. 3.A successful learner is an independent one，who has both a determined will and amazing patience. 4.They are heading for Florida for their(they) honeymoon and plan to frame the treasured picture as soon as they get back. 5.The dictionary is what I want，but I don’t have enough money with me. 6.She did not hesitate for long；although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while，she knew that this was a present which was bound to please him(he). 7.In the end，the young men found that working hard is truly a treasure in itself. 8.The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools. 9.This region is home to many species of wild flowers. 10.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on the top floor. 11.At the bad news，the woman put her hands over her eyes and cried out. 12.If you keep on writing，you will have a brighter future，likely to bee a J.K.Rowling. 13.I hate it when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk. 14.A woman，sitting next to the boy，discovered he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop. 15.We used to mistake that heavy objects fell faster than light ones. (二) 16.The problem should be handled very carefully to balance the needs of people with those of nature. 17.He said it was not nice to eat meat with one’s fingers because they were not always clean. 18.The driver was at a loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding. 19.He knew very well the hare ran a hundred times faster than he himself(him) did. 20.Johnny Carson began his career in television in his twenties(twenty). 21.Whether it’s your birthday or a friend or family member’s，decorating your home can be as enjoyable as the party itself(it). 22.Fresh air，sunlight and enough physical exercise are needed for a healthy body. 23.So if you have not prepared enough，having some indoor amusements is also a good choice，which may be much cheaper and easier to carry out. 24.“Never mind，” I said.“At least you’ll know when your train’s late，mine(I) will be，too.” 25.My father is stout and strong, with a severe look on his face and keen expressive eyes. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) (一) 1.An accident happening a rainy Sunday afternoon changed my attitude. 2.I think it good habit that in our spare time we read more books of great use. 3.Yesterday，one of my favorite stamps was lost，which made me really upset.I looked for it everywhere and asked everybody in the room，but still I couldn’t find . 4.To improve my grades，I paid more attention the teachers’ talking in class. 5.Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in ordinary school. 6.It is possible that some of may have a brother or sister. 7.Classes taught in English provide students a better language environment. 8.For the sake of our safety and the others’ safety，we should obey the traffic rules. 9.As I was waiting my order to e，I noticed an old man in a wheelchair roll himself over to a table. 10.I’ve been very busy recently，for I’ve been preparing for ing exam，which is vital for me and my future life. 11.I’ve always been dreaming of having an opportunity to travel in English-speaking countries like to practise and improve my English. 12.Up to now，he has bee member of our family and everyone has enjoyed his pany. 13.After class，I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if she hadn’t been helped others. 14.If I have such a pen friend，I think we can share our travelling experiences with each other，taking care of pets，or whatever we have something in mon. 15.There was once elderly woman in a nursing home. (二) 16.In middle of the term，I became one of the best players in my school. 17.I take great pride this experience because it not only helps me realize that I can achieve my potential through hard work，but makes me know the proverb “Practice makes perfect”. 18.Last Sunday I saw worst storm in years.It came suddenly and went on for over three hours. 19.We all love those things so much that we travel of miles to be around people who love the things that we love the way that we love them. 20.I put a little oil，salt and sugar on the steak and mixed together. 21.First，be aware of your advantages and accept . 22.A large number of students attended to the contest and showed their wonderful performances. 23.On the stage，though facing great pressure，the speakers bravely overcame it and challenged to achieve great success. 24.Through such activity，we know a lot more about our students. 25.Also moving up on the list this year is spinach(菠菜)，which jumps from the to the second most polluted product. Ⅲ.語法填空 (2018吉林長春四模) No matter where you are，humans are constantly measuring and checking time.Some of us are good at it—planning and doing things ahead of time,1.others are always trying to beat the clock and do things at the eleventh hour. Tardiness(拖拉) can be serious.If you 2.(be) one minute late for work，would you resign? It may sound extreme，but that is exactly 3. occurred in the UK upper chamber of parliament，the House of Lords，in January 2018.International development minister Lord Bates arrived one minute late，and，as a result，was unable to answer a 4.(schedule) question.Instead of trying 5. (make) up for lost time，as many might do，he resigned on 6. spot.He apologized for his discourtesy(無禮) and stated that he was ashamed.His resignation，though,7.(reject) by the UK prime minister. So，how late is too late？Many cultures take punctuality very seriously.In contrast，others seem to view tardiness 8. just the normal way of things.What is considered acceptable is based on culture.That is，if you don’t mind waiting，it might be best to attend your 9.(appoint) in good time.And if the worst es to the worst，remember the old English proverb，“10.(well) late than never.” 1.答案　while 解析　考查連詞。該空的前后兩句話之間是對比關(guān)系，所以這里應(yīng)該填連詞while。 2.答案　were 解析　考查虛擬語氣。本句是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，即非真實(shí)條件句。此處是對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，所以這里be動(dòng)詞為were。 3.答案　what 解析　考查連接代詞。本句是表語從句，從句中缺少主語，這里的主語指代的是事情，所以用what。 4.答案　scheduled 解析　考查形容詞。在冠詞a和名詞question之間應(yīng)該用形容詞，所以把schedule變成形容詞形式scheduled(預(yù)定的)。 5.答案　to make 解析　考查動(dòng)詞不定式。固定搭配try to do sth.(努力做某事)，所以這里填to make。 6.答案　the 解析　考查定冠詞。固定短語on the spot(在現(xiàn)場)。句意為：他并沒有像許多人那樣，試圖彌補(bǔ)失去的時(shí)間，而是當(dāng)場辭職。所以這里應(yīng)該填冠詞the。 7.答案　was rejected 解析　考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)本段時(shí)態(tài)和句意可知，主語resignation和reject為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。句意為：盡管他的辭呈被英國首相拒絕了。故用was rejected。 8.答案　as 解析　考查介詞。固定搭配view...as...把……看作……。句意為：相比之下，其他人似乎認(rèn)為遲到是正常的事情。所以這里填as。 9.答案　appointment(s) 解析　考查名詞。形容詞性物主代詞后面應(yīng)該跟名詞。句意為：如果你不介意等的話，最好在合適的時(shí)間去參加你的約會(huì)。所以這里填appointment(s)。 10.答案　Better 解析　考查比較級。英語諺語“Better late than never”(遲做總比不做好)。所以這里應(yīng)該填Better。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) (2018廣東深圳一調(diào)) I woke up lately yesterday because my alarm clock didn’t ring.With no time for the breakfast，I rushed out of my house.I had intended to catch the 7：30 subway，and I didn’t make it.Have little time left，I take a taxi instead.I arrived at the school only find，with great sadness mixed with some relief，that the school where should have been full of students was empty.It was Saturday.However，our ill luck showed no sign of ing at an end.When I returned home，I found myself lock out.I had forgotten to bring the key.Just my luck! 答案　 I woke up yesterday because my alarm clock didn’t ring.With no time for the breakfast，I rushed out of my house.I had intended to catch the 7：30 subway， I didn’t make it. little time left，I a taxi instead.I arrived at the school only find，with great sadness mixed with some relief，that the school should have been full of students was empty.It was Saturday.However， ill luck showed no sign of ing an end.When I returned home，I found myself out.I had forgotten to bring the key.Just my luck!