2019年高考總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 考點(diǎn)歸納拓展 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe 外研版選修8.doc

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2019年高考總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 考點(diǎn)歸納拓展 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe 外研版選修8 accustomed adj.習(xí)慣的；慣常的 [經(jīng)典例句]He took his accustomed seat by the fire. 他坐在火爐旁他常坐的座位上。 (1) (2) ①He was sitting in his accustomed armchair. 他坐在慣常坐的扶手椅上。 ②Im not accustomed to getting up so early. 我不習(xí)慣于這樣早起床。 ③He had to ____________ the cold weather. 他不得不使自己習(xí)慣于寒冷的天氣。 ④It takes a while to get accustomed to new surroundings.習(xí)慣新環(huán)境要花上一段時(shí)間。 答案?、踑ccustom himself to acknowledge v．承認(rèn)；答謝；告知收到；確認(rèn)；打招呼 [經(jīng)典例句]But in truth, the harder they look at their lives, the more they acknowledge their big differences in circumstance and basic nature.(xx湖北閱讀理解B) 但事實(shí)上，他們?cè)娇此麄兊纳?，他們?cè)匠姓J(rèn)他們的情況和基本素質(zhì)有很大差異。 (1) (2)acknowledgement n．承認(rèn)；感謝 ①Kobe is widely acknowledged to be one of the best basketball players in the world. 普遍認(rèn)為科比是世界最佳籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員之一。 ②They refused to acknowledge ______________________. 他們拒不承認(rèn)失敗(被打敗)。 ③It is widely acknowledged that Song Zuying is one of the best singers in the world. 宋祖英被認(rèn)為是世界上最好的歌唱家之一。 答案　②defeat/having been defeated/that they were defeated 【熟詞生義】 選擇句中acknowledge的含義 I couldnt write what other people had said without acknowledging them. A．感謝　　　　B．認(rèn)可　　　　 C．承認(rèn) 答案　A consult v．商討；向……請(qǐng)教；查閱 [經(jīng)典例句]If you wish good advice, consult an old man. 如要忠告向老人請(qǐng)教。 consult ①His parents consulted with the teacher about what to do to help him with his studies. 他父母和老師商量怎么來(lái)幫助他提高他的成績(jī)。 ②When in doubt about the meaning of a word, consult a dictionary.拿不準(zhǔn)詞義時(shí)，查查詞典。 ③After ________ my friend, I finally made the decision.和朋友商量后，我最終做出了決定。 答案?、踓onsulting with 【巧學(xué)助記】 【知識(shí)鏈接】 “查字典”的表達(dá)方式： consult/refer to a dictionary；look...up in a dictionary accuse v．指責(zé)；控告 [經(jīng)典例句]Barack Obama can hardly be accused of ignoring his nextdoor neighbours.巴拉克奧巴馬應(yīng)該不會(huì)因忽視他的近鄰而受到指責(zé)。 accuse sb of＝charge sb with指責(zé)/控告某人…… accuse sb for sth為某事指責(zé)某人 ①M(fèi)an often accuses nature ________ his own misfortunes.人類常把自己的不幸歸咎于天。 ②He ________________ cheating in the examination.他被指控考試作弊。 答案　①for?、趙as accused of/charged with [集 訓(xùn) 中 心] Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．May we offer our deepest s________ on the death of your wife. 2．You did it d________，just to annoy me. 3．Youll need p________ and understanding if youre going to be a teacher. 4．What he said was so a________that most of us could hardly understand. 5．He was generally ________(公認(rèn)) to be the finest poet in the country. 6．I ________(商量)with my brother about buying a car. 7．Everybody sang high praise for her ________(熱愛，投入) to the cause of education. 8．It is a great ________(寬慰) to have rain after a long time of drought. 答案　1.sympathies　2.deliberately　3.patience　4.abstract　5.acknowledged　6.consulted　7.devotion　8.relief Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．—They are quiet, arent they? —Yes. They are accustomed ________ at meals. A．to talk B．to not talk C．to talking D．to not talking 答案　D　[句意：“他們挺安靜的，不是嗎？”“是的，他們習(xí)慣吃飯時(shí)不說(shuō)話?！?be accustomed to表示“習(xí)慣于……”，其中to是介詞，接動(dòng)詞時(shí)須用動(dòng)詞的ing形式；結(jié)合句意可知D項(xiàng)切題。] 2．(xx綿陽(yáng)二診)—The engineer was accused ________ being a spy and driven out of our country. —Really？I cant believe it! A．for B．a(chǎn)t C．a(chǎn)bout D．of 答案　D　[句意：——那位工程師被指控犯間諜罪，被驅(qū)逐出國(guó)。——真的嗎？簡(jiǎn)直令人難以置信。accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪，因……指責(zé)某人，符合句意和搭配。] 3．(xx沈陽(yáng)模擬)—Any advice for me? —Youd better ________ the timetable to see when the train leaves. A．consult B．remend C．remind D．request 答案　A　[根據(jù)to see when the train leaves 可知選A項(xiàng)。consult the timetable “查看時(shí)間表”。] 4．(xx石家莊高三教學(xué)質(zhì)檢二)His sacrifices for the country were never officially________，which made all of us feel discouraged. A．a(chǎn)cknowledged B．a(chǎn)ppealed C．remended D．evaluated 答案　A　[考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意“他為國(guó)家作出的犧牲沒有得到正式認(rèn)可，這使得我們都感到很失落。acknowledge“承認(rèn)”；appeal“呼吁；吸引”；remend“推薦”；evaluate“評(píng)價(jià)”。] Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．The teacher charged me of being late.________. 2．We have got accustomed to live in an airconditioned room.________. 答案　1.charged―→accused　2.live―→living [核 心 短 語(yǔ)] make it 成功；及時(shí)到達(dá)(to)；能參加 [經(jīng)典例句]Work hard, and youll make it. 努力干，你會(huì)成功的。 make it through　　　熬過(guò)……，挺過(guò)…… make it＋time 就定為某時(shí)間吧 make it up to sb 給某人補(bǔ)償 make it up with sb 和某人和解；和某人言歸于好 ①We are too late; I dont think we can make it.我們太遲了，我想我們難以準(zhǔn)時(shí)趕到了。 ②I dont know how Im going to make it through the day.我不知道我將如何熬過(guò)這一天。 ③The couple quarrel every morning and ________ every evening.這對(duì)夫妻每天早上吵架，晚上和好。 ④Ill make it up to you, I promise. 我會(huì)補(bǔ)償你的，我保證。 答案?、踡ake it up in spite of 盡管，不管 [經(jīng)典例句]In spite of you and me and the whole silly world going to pieces around us, I love you. 哪怕是世界末日我都會(huì)愛著你。 in spite of(＝despite)＋n./pron./doing盡管，不管 in spite of the fact that...不管……這個(gè)事實(shí) regardless of不管；不顧 ①Kelly loved her husband ____________ he drank too much.雖然她丈夫酗酒，但是凱莉仍然愛著他。 ②He says what he thinks，________ other peoples feelings.他怎么想就怎么說(shuō)，不考慮別人的感受。 ③Despite the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue.盡管山高林密，醫(yī)護(hù)人員還是迅速地趕到出事地點(diǎn)，實(shí)施救援。 名師點(diǎn)睛 (1)regardless of ...強(qiáng)調(diào)“不認(rèn)為……重要，從而不加以重視或考慮”，而despite和in spite of有“盡管……但是”之意。 (2)regardless of后可接whether, what引導(dǎo)的從句，而in spite of和despite后不可接從句。 答案?、賗n spite of the fact that?、趓egardless of [集 訓(xùn) 中 心] Ⅰ.選詞填空 1．________ all the difficulties, we finished our task ahead of schedule. 2．He never speaks to me ________to ask for something. 3．There has been ________accidents on this road recently. 4．The train wont leave for another ten minutes, so I think we can ________. 5．Mary ________ to wash dishes after the dinner. 6．The dress________ mine. Im sorry for having taken it by mistake. 答案　1.In spite of　2.other than　3.a series of 4．make it　5.set out　6.is similar to Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．(xx全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Sarah made ________ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning. A．herself B．this C．that D．it 答案　D　[考查代詞用法。句意：薩拉趕到了機(jī)場(chǎng)，正好及時(shí)趕上了今天早上的飛機(jī)。此處make it表示“及時(shí)到達(dá)，趕上”，是固定搭配。] 2．(xx安徽黃山七校聯(lián)考)________what has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a problem. A．Except for B．But for C．Because of D．In spite of 答案　D　[考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：盡管最近在給人們提供更多的公共汽車方面做了大量的事情，缺少公共交通工具仍然是一個(gè)問題。except for “除……之外”；but for “要不是因?yàn)椤?，常用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣；because of“由于；因?yàn)椤保籭n spite of“盡管”。] [核 心 句 型] Incredible as it may seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that those strange beings who landed in the New Jersey farmlands tonight are the vanguard of an invading army from the planet Mars.盡管看起來(lái)不可思議，但科學(xué)觀測(cè)以及我們?nèi)庋劭吹降淖C據(jù)都必然會(huì)讓我們做出這個(gè)設(shè)想，那就是今晚降落在新澤西農(nóng)場(chǎng)的怪物就是來(lái)自火星入侵部隊(duì)的先導(dǎo)。 (1) Incredible as it may seem這是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于Although it may seem incredible，as意為“盡管”。當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)用部分倒裝，將從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首；若表語(yǔ)是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，前置時(shí)要省略不定冠詞。 ①________，he likes to be treated like an adult. 盡管他是個(gè)孩子，他喜歡別人把他看作大人。 ②Try as he might, he could not find a job. 不管他怎樣努力，他還是找不到工作。 ③Much as I like it, I wont buy it, for its too expensive. 雖然我很喜歡它，但我不會(huì)買的，因?yàn)樗F了。 (2)though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的語(yǔ)序可以像as引導(dǎo)的從句一樣用倒裝語(yǔ)序，也可用正常語(yǔ)序，但although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常用正常語(yǔ)序。 ④Poor as he is, he is honest. ＝________________， he is honest. ＝Although he is poor，he is honest. 他盡管窮，但很誠(chéng)實(shí)。 答案?、貱hild as he is?、躊oor though he is / Though he is poor [集 訓(xùn) 中 心] Ⅰ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．Although he is a child, he has to make a living. →________ he is, he has to make a living. 2．Despite the heavy snow, he drove downtown. →________ the heavy snow, he drove downtown. 答案　1.Child as　2.In spite of Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 (xx陜西卷)Hot________ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. A．a(chǎn)lthough B．a(chǎn)s C．while D．however 答案　B　[考查倒裝句。句意：盡管夜間的空氣很熱，但我們睡得很沉，因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)途旅行之后，我們太累了。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句用倒裝語(yǔ)序，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：名詞/形容詞/副詞/動(dòng)詞＋as＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。although與while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，但它們不能用倒裝語(yǔ)序。] [單 元 語(yǔ) 法] 復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句 1．(xx山西省高三第二次診斷考試)Choeyang grew up on the highland, which may explain her strong heart and breathing ability, but ________ really makes her stand out is perseverance. A．that B．what C．which D．why 答案　B　[考查名詞性從句。句意：切陽(yáng)什姐在高原長(zhǎng)大，這一點(diǎn)可以解釋她強(qiáng)壯的心臟呼吸能力，而真正讓她與眾不同的是她的毅力。but 后面的分句中主語(yǔ)是what really makes her stand out，謂語(yǔ)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)is perseverance；主語(yǔ)從句中缺主語(yǔ)，that 不能在句中充當(dāng)成分；which 在名詞性從句中只表示疑問“哪一個(gè)”，而這個(gè)句子不表示疑問，是陳述概念，所以what＝the thing that，故選B。] 2．(xx遂寧一診)The Chinese government has made it clear ________ it strives to achieve in space science in the next 5 years. A．what B．that C．how D．which 答案　A　[考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：中國(guó)政府已經(jīng)明確指出未來(lái)五年里在太空科學(xué)方面會(huì)努力取得哪些成就。本句中it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正賓語(yǔ)是what引導(dǎo)的從句，what在從句中作achieve的賓語(yǔ)。] 3．(xx河北省保定市八校高三聯(lián)考)Weve just heard a warning on the radio ________ a typhoon may be on its way. A．what B．when C．which D．that 答案　D　[考查同位語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們剛在收音機(jī)里聽到警告，臺(tái)風(fēng)可能即將來(lái)臨。注意前面的warning警告，和后面的a typhoon may be on its way臺(tái)風(fēng)可能來(lái)臨。這是warning的具體內(nèi)容，用that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句。] 4．(xx浙江省海寧高三檢測(cè))The advantage of using the Internet is ________ you can get support if you have a problem. A．whether B．what C．why D．that 答案　D　[考查名詞性從句。句意：使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)勢(shì)是如果你有問題的話你可以獲得支持。本空是引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，而且句中不缺少任何成分，故選D項(xiàng)that。] 5．(xx蚌埠一檢)________ is known to us is that tobacco contains harmful products, so you should give up smoking. A．As B．It C．What D．Which 答案　C　[考查名詞性從句。句意：我們都知道煙草中含有有害物質(zhì)，所以你應(yīng)該戒煙。分析句子成分可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用What。]