必修五第三單元導(dǎo)學(xué)案

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登封實驗高級中學(xué)英語導(dǎo)學(xué)案 Book 5 Unit 3 Life in the future 詞匯課 –于茉莉 日期___________________ 班級______________________姓名__________ 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 知識目標(biāo)：掌握以下重點詞匯及短語的意思及用法：impression, lack, switch, instan… 能力目標(biāo)：1.在具體語境中識別和運用重點詞匯及短語。 2. 能夠用重點詞匯及短語造簡單的句子。 情感目標(biāo)：學(xué)生在詞匯的理解、記憶、學(xué)習(xí)過程中，培養(yǎng)他們的合作學(xué)習(xí)能力 教學(xué)重難點 重點：學(xué)生能在具體的語境中識別和運用重點詞匯及短語。 難點：學(xué)生可以使用重點詞匯造句。 一． 鞏固默寫 1． n．印象；感想；印記→ v．給某人深刻印象→ adj.給人深刻印象的 2． adj.時常發(fā)生的；連續(xù)不斷的→ adv.不斷地 3． adj.在前的；早先的 4． n．指導(dǎo)；向?qū)?；?dǎo)游 vt.指引；指導(dǎo) 5． n．周圍的事物；環(huán)境 adj.周圍的→ vt.圍繞 6． vt.容忍；忍受7． vi. & vt.缺乏；沒有 n．缺乏；短缺的東西 8． n．調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)→ vt.調(diào)整；使適應(yīng) 9． v按；壓；逼迫n.按；壓；印刷；新聞→ n．壓力 10． vt.系牢；扎牢11． n．開關(guān)；轉(zhuǎn)換 vt.轉(zhuǎn)換 12． adj.樂觀(主義)的→ (反義詞) 13． n．沙漠；荒原14． n．打字員→ n．打字機(jī) 15． n．瞬間；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的→ adv.馬上 16． adj.貪吃的；貪婪的；貪心的 Ⅱ.重點短語掃描 1． 拿起；接受；開始；繼續(xù) 2． (困境后)恢復(fù)；完全復(fù)原 3． 看不見 4． 打掃；橫掃 5． (快捷而悄聲地)移動；溜進(jìn)…… 6． 加速7． 結(jié)果 8． 與……相似9． 向四面八方 10． 帶領(lǐng)某人參觀 二、課堂重點突破 1. impression n.印痕；印記；印象；感想 have an impression of sth.／doing sth. 對(做)某事有印象 make an impression on sb. 給某人留下印象 make no impression on 對……無影響／效果 Your performance gave me a strong impression. 你的表演給我留下了很深的印象。 What I said made no impression on him. 我的話對他不起作用。 聯(lián)想拓展 impress v.留下印象 impress sth.on／upon one’s mind 把……牢記在心上 She spoke very confidently because she wanted to make a great on her employer at the first time. A. Influence B. pressure C. Impression D. Effect 2. lack v.&n. 缺乏；缺少的東西 注意：lack作名詞時，后常接of。lack作動詞時，既可作及物動詞，也可以作不及物動詞，作不及物動詞時，后常接for或in。lack不用于被動語態(tài)。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： lack sth. 缺少某物 lack for sth. 缺少；需要 for/through lack of... 因缺乏…… He didn’t go there because he lacked courage. 他沒去那里，因為他缺乏勇氣。 The plant died for lack of water.植物因缺水而死。 They lacked for nothing.他們無所需求。 聯(lián)想拓展 lacking adj. 匱乏的；不足的；沒有的 be lacking in 缺乏（品質(zhì)、特點等） She seems to be lacking in common sense. 她似乎缺乏常識。 Though money, his parents managed to send him to university. （201001陜西寶雞檢測） A. Lacked B. lacking of C. Lacking D. lacked in ①因為缺乏興趣這次旅行被取消了。 The trip was cancelled through . ②他缺乏信心。He . 3. sight n. 視力；視覺；看見；光景，奇觀；名勝 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： lose sight of 看不見；忘記；失去 catch sight of sth./sb. 看見某物/人 at first sight 初看之下；乍看起來 at (the) sight of 一看見就…… out of sight 看不見 be in sight 看得見，在眼前 Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不見,心不煩。 Last summer we had seen the sights of Beijing. 去年夏天我們游覽了北京的名勝。 Crusoe was frightened at the sight of a man’s footprint. 克魯索看到一行人的腳印，他非常害怕。 For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree . A. in sight B. on earth C. at a distance D. in place 我們失去了許多珍貴的動物。 We several precious animals. 4. require vt. 需要；要求；命令 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： require that+主語+(should)+動詞原形 需要某人做某事 require sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 require sth.（of sb.） 要求（某人）某事 I will do everything that is required of me. 凡是要求我的事，我都會辦到。 The situation requires that I（should）be there. 形勢需要我去那里。 溫馨提示 require后接賓語從句時，賓語從句必須用should do的虛擬語氣，其中should可以省略。 另外，表示“需要”，且是物作主語時，后接動詞 ing形式的主動形式表示被動含義，可以等于不定式被動形式；在這一點上，need和want用法相同。 The house requires mending. =The house requires to be mended. 房屋需要維修。 All cars require servicing regularly. 所有汽車都需要定期檢修。 They required him to keep it a secret. 他們要求他對這事保密。 ①In competition, women are required some of their exercises music. A. perform; to B. to perform; to C. performing; with D. to perform; by ②All the people present agreed that the matter required . A. to look into B. being looked into C. to be looked D. looking into 5. assist vt.&vi. 幫助；援助；參與;出席 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： assist sb. in/with sth. 幫助(某人)某事 assist sb. in doing sth. 幫助(某人)做某事 assist sb. to do sth. 幫助(某人)做某事 assist with 幫助(照料，做)；在……上給予幫助 I am willing to assist you whenever there is an opportunity.有機(jī)會我愿隨時幫你。 I’m afraid I can’t assist you, you have to go and see the manager. 我恐怕幫不上忙，你得去找經(jīng)理。 The headmaster assists with a lot of things when free. 有空時校長會幫忙做很多事。 ①The young nurse was very nervous when she in her first operation. ②A team of nurses the doctor performing the operation. ③She employed a woman to her the housework. ④Good glasses will you read. 6. take up從事；占(時間、空間、注意力等)；繼續(xù) This table takes up too much room. 這張桌子太占地方。 She has taken up a job as a teacher. 她當(dāng)上老師了。 This chapter takes up where the last one off.本章繼續(xù)上一章的內(nèi)容。 聯(lián)想拓展 take off 脫掉（衣服等）；起飛；打折；作為折扣而減價 take over 接管；獲得對……的控制或管理 take apart 拆開；分開后將……分成許多部分 take for 把……視作；誤認(rèn)為 take...for granted 認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然 take down 寫下；記下 take back 收回(諾言) ①In Singapore, a southeastern Asian country, the Chinese people the largest percentage of its population, so you can speak Chinese there. A. make up B. take up C. hold up D. turn up ②Since the 2008 Olympic Games Beijing has taken a new look everywhere. A.Up B. on C. over D. Off 7. sweep up打掃；橫掃 These students are sweeping up dead leaves.這些學(xué)生們正在掃(攏)落葉。 He ran forward and swept her up into his arms.他跑上前去一把將她抱在懷里。 The whole country was swept up in the excitement.全國上下都沉浸在興奮的氣氛中。 We’d better sweep up all the bits of broken glass quickly. 我們最好快點把玻璃碴子掃干凈。 聯(lián)想拓展 sweep aside 放/堆到一邊; 不予理會 sweep away 掃清;消滅;徹底消除 sweep off 掃清; 吹走; 大量清除 sweep out 掃掉; 清除 sweep over 將……一掃而光; (某種感情)掠過（……的心頭） ①After the party, the house needed . ②The leaves were into the air by the strong wind. 三、課文重點句子 1. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying,...這就與你乘坐飛機(jī)會產(chǎn)生時差反應(yīng)相似，…… when flying是when you are flying的省略形式。在有些表示時間、條件、方式或讓步的狀語從句中，如果謂語包含動詞be，從句的主語又和主句的主語一致，或者主語是it，通?？梢园褟木渲械闹髡Z和be動詞省略。 When asked where’s the toilet, the waitress showed the way politely to the guest. 當(dāng)被問及廁所在哪里時，服務(wù)員非常有禮貌地給客人帶路。 Until finishing the homework, the child was allowed to watch the cartoon film. 直至完成作業(yè)，小孩才允許看卡通片。 If necessary, you can call help from the police.有必要時，你可以向警方求助。 ①即使被打死，他仍然保守秘密。 ②可能的話，到機(jī)場來接我。 ③過馬路時，孩子們被要求停下觀望，再手牽手通過。 2. As a result, I suffered from “time lag”. as a result 結(jié)果，因此 He didnt work hard. As a result, he failed his exam. as a result of 作為 ... 的結(jié)果，由于 He was late as a result of the heavy snow. 因為吃了些壞魚,他第二天早晨感到胃痛。(as a result of ) 3. At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. 開始的時候，新的環(huán)境讓我難以容忍。 (1)I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多功課要做。 (2)The job his boss asked him to do is hard to finish in such a short time. 老板要求他做的那份工作很難能在這么短的時間內(nèi)完成。 在運用不定式時，我們常發(fā)現(xiàn)用主動來代替被動的現(xiàn)象： (1)例1中，to do 是來修飾前面的名詞homework的，作后置定語，解釋為“要做的功課”，理應(yīng)用被動的結(jié)構(gòu)，但當(dāng)句子的主語I 與不定式中所包含的動詞do有“主謂關(guān)系”的時候，我們常用主動來代替被動。 (2)例2中，to finish 是作狀語的。當(dāng)不定式to finish和句子的主語the job之間構(gòu)成了“動賓關(guān)系”時，即finish the job，我們也可以用主動來代替被動。又如：The river is dangerous to swim in. (不定式的動詞swim in和句子的主語the river 構(gòu)成了動賓關(guān)系，就可以用主動的結(jié)構(gòu)。) I am going to the supermarket. Would you have anything to be taken? (我打算去超市。你有東西要帶嗎？) 很顯然，這里的不定式中的動詞take的動作執(zhí)行者是I，而不是句子的主語you，因此它們沒有構(gòu)成“主謂關(guān)系”，就要用被動，即用to be taken 來修飾anything。 翻譯句子 (1) 這把椅子坐上去很舒服。 (2) 這些窮人們沒錢買食物，也沒地方居住。 登封實驗高級中學(xué)英語導(dǎo)學(xué)案 Book 5 life in the future 語法課–于茉莉 日期___________________ 班級______________________姓名__________ 教學(xué)目標(biāo)：知識目標(biāo)：學(xué)習(xí)過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語， 能力目標(biāo)：能夠正確運用該語法 情感目標(biāo)：學(xué)生能夠克服在學(xué)習(xí)語法過程中所遇到的困難，積極主動向老師和其他同學(xué)求教 教學(xué)重難點：該語法的正確應(yīng)用 過去分詞做狀語 過去分詞做狀語，其邏輯主語與句子主語一致，句子主語與過去分詞所表示的動作之間存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。過去分詞作狀語時一般與其他成分用逗號隔開，可以說明動作發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨、讓步情況等。 1.表示時間 When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. →Seen from the… Don’t speak until you are spoken to. →Don’t speak until spoken to. 總結(jié)：______________________________________________________ 2、表示原因 Because the boy was greatly touched by his teacher’s words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates. →Greatly touched by the teacher’s words… Because he was surprised at what happened, Tom didn’t know what to do. →Surprised at what happened… 總結(jié)：______________________________________________________ 3、表示條件 If we were given more time, we could do it much better. →Given more time… If it is heated to a high temperature, water will change into vapor. →Heated to a high temperature… 總結(jié)：______________________________________________________ 4、表示讓步 Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. →Though warned of the storm… Even if I’m invited, I won’t take part in the party →Even if invited… 總結(jié)：______________________________________________________ 5、表示方式、伴隨 The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students。→The teacher entered the classroom ,followed by a group of students. The teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students. →The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 總結(jié)：______________________________________________________ 易混淆辨析： 1. 過去分詞作狀語表示_____的和/或______的動作,相當(dāng)一個狀語從句。 2. 過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時應(yīng)注意語態(tài)要一致。  from upside, you will find a lily which is in full bloom(盛開）in the sea. _______from upside, it looks like a lily which is in full bloom(盛開）in the sea. 如果句子的主語和分詞的邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系, 用_______， 句子的主語和分詞的邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，用_________。 溫馨提示： （1） 過去分詞作狀語時，有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，前面可帶有連詞，如：when、while、if、unless、until等，以使句意表達(dá)的更清楚。 Unless constantly repeated, the English words are easily forgotten. When asked why she came here, the girl kept silent. （2） 過去分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語必修與句子的主語保持一致（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語同樣如此），否則需要加上自己的主語，構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 The workers worked even hard, their living conditions greatly improved. Much time spent sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. （3） 過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞被動形式（having been done）作狀語時，都有被動意義，有時可以互換，但是having been done結(jié)構(gòu)更強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動作先于句子的謂語動詞。 Shown around the lab, we are taken to see the library. = Having been shown around the lab ,we are taken to see the library. 語法練習(xí) 1、______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated 2、______ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park. A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened 3、_____ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees . A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see 4.____at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 5、 by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged 6、 not to miss the flight at15∶20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 7、Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some _______a life span of around 20 years. A. having B. had C. have D. to have 8、 an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer 9、 around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering 10. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______ he gladly accepted it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 11. ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face 12. ______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising 13. ______ nice, the food was sold out soon. A. Tasted B. Tasting C. To taste D. Being tasted 14. ______ from space, the earth, with water ______seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball. A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, coveringD. Seeing, covered 15.He had his leg _______in the match yesterday. A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking 16.______in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 17.Don’t get _________ in the rain. A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught 18. Most of the artists ______ to the party were from south Africa. A. having been invited B. inviting C. being invited D. invited 19. ______ hot, Tom uncovered his quilt, ______ only his stomach ______. A. Feeling; leaving; covered B. Felt; left; covered C. Feeling; left; covering D. Felt; leaving; covered 20. ______ their homework, the pupils went home ______ their parents. A. Doing; following B. Having done; following C. Done; followed D. Having done; followed 21. When ______ why he was late, he just stared at us and said nothing. A. being asked B. asking C. asked D. to be asked 22. ______ a reply, he decided to write a letter to her again. A. Not receiving B. Not having received C. Not received D. Having not received 23. ______, the players began the game. A. After we took our seats B. Being taken the seats C. Taking our seats D. Having taken our seats 24. The big- eyed girl came in, ______ a cake with two ______ candles on it. A. bring; lit　 B. brought; lighted C. carrying; lighted D. taking; lighting 25. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 9