初三unit1講解及練習(xí)題.doc

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Unit1重點知識講解及練習(xí) Word Click ◆ afraid ◆【例句】 I was also afraid to speak in class, because I thought my classmates might laugh at me. 【點擊】afraid adj.害怕的；犯愁的。在例句中的用法為：be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事。 【拓展】★afraid只能做表語。例如：Don’t be afraid. Your mother is going to be back soon. ★ be afraid of sb. / sth.意為“害怕某人 / 某物”。例：My daughter is a little afraid of me. ★ I am afraid that（從句）意為“恐怕……”。 例如：I’m afraid (that) he is ill. ★1. —Is it going to rain? —Yes, I’m afraid so. 2. —Shall we play football here? —I’m afraid not. 【跟蹤練習(xí)】請根據(jù)漢語意思完成下列英語句子，每空一詞（含縮寫）。 1. 我恐怕不能和你一起去。 ________ ________ I can’t go with you. 2. 湯姆有點兒怕他的父親。Tom is a little ________ ________ his father. 3. 她姐姐害怕獨自一人待在家里。Her sister is afraid ________ ________ at home alone. 4. —他會來嗎？ —恐怕不會?！狪s he coming? —________ ________ ________. ◆ unless ◆【例句】And unless we deal with our problems, we can easily become unhappy. (P8) 【點擊】unless conj. 如果不；除非。在句中引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，相當(dāng)于if...not，引導(dǎo)的從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來意義。例：1. I won’t let you in unless you show me your pass. = I won’t let you in if you don’t show me your pass. 【練習(xí)】( )5. I won’t go unless it _______ fine tomorrow. A. be B. is C. will be ( ) 6. You’ll miss the train ______ you hurry up. A. until B. and C. or D. unless ◆ end up ◆ 【點擊】end up終止；結(jié)束。其后可接v-ing形式，即end up doing sth. 意為“最終還是做了某事”。例如：Every time she tried to argue with her husband, she ended up crying. 【拓展】end up with...意為“以……結(jié)束”。例如：The teacher ended up the class with a story. 【跟蹤練習(xí)】7. The foreigners ended up ______ (to sing, singing) a Chinese song. 8. They ended up the meal ______ (with, of) some fruit. 9. join 意為“加入某一種組織，成為其中一員（become a member of）”。join 后面還可接表示人的名詞或代詞，表示加入到某人或某些人的活動中去。join in 表示“加入”，“參與”某種活動，in 之后可接名詞或動名詞。表示“參加某人的活動”可以說 join sb,in(doing)sth.。take part in 表示“參加某種活動”，與 join in 同義，一般可以互相替換，但“參加會議”多用 take part in。 Text & Test 中考英語試題中的許多考點，在我們所學(xué)的課文中都有體現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)在我們就一起來看看。 1. Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking English? [考例]①為什么不去揚州博物館呢？那兒有那么多有趣的東西可看。 ______ go to Yangzhou Museum? You’ll have so many interesting things to see there. [答案解析] Why don’t you 或Why not。Why don’t you或Why not后接動詞原形，用來表示說話人的建議和勸說。類似用法句型還有“What / How about...?”、“Let’s...”、“Shall we等。 [考例] ②他每天練習(xí)說英語。_______________________________________. [答案和解析] He practices speaking English every day。practice doing sth. 是固定用法，意為“練習(xí)做某事”，此處 practice 為動詞。 2. Let’s face the challenges instead.[考例]I won’t go there with you. I’ll stay here ______ (代替)。 [答案和解析] instead。 instead是副詞，意為“代替”、“而是”、“相反”等，只能單獨使用，可放句首，也可放句末。而 instead of 是介詞，后接名詞、代詞、v-ing形式或介詞短語。 3. I don’t know how to use commas. [考例]—My dad bought me a new MP4, but I don’t know __________. —Let’s read the instructions. A. what to use B. which one to use C. how to use it [答案和解析] C。動詞不定式和疑問詞連用常作know、wonder、show、tell、teach、explain、consider、guess等動詞的賓語。 4. They might feel they have too much work to do sometimes, or think the rules are too strict. [例]I’m really busy because I have _____ homework to do at the moment. （太多） 5.one of +(the+ 形容詞比較級)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)…其中之一 如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 6.It is +形容詞+(for sb. ) to do sth. (對于某人來說)做某事…如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study English. 7. sb find It is(要省略)+形容詞+(for sb. ) to do sth 某人發(fā)覺做某事… I find it difficult (for me ) to study English. It was raining hard. 8.however與but 二者都意為“可是，但是”；but是并列名詞，連接兩個并列分句， but之后一般不使用逗號I really dont like cheese, but I will try just a little this time. however在位于分句之首時，通常用逗號；位于分句之中時，通常在其前后各加一個逗號；位于分句之尾時，則必須在其前加逗號。It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大，不過我們還是出去尋找那個孩子。 1. talk about 談?wù)摚h論，討論　 talk to sb. === talk with sb. 與某人說話 2. 提建議的句子：①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? ④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 3. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 同義句：so+ adj./adv.+that從句 not+ adj./adv.+enough+ to do sth. 4. be / get excited about sth. = be / get excited about doing sth. = be excited to do sth. 對…感興奮 如：I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=I am excited to go to Beijing. V. (形容詞)+ ing adj.形容詞,用來修飾事物。An exciting news. 相同用法的還有：surprisesurprising interestinteresting frustratefrustrating等。 V. (形容詞)+ ed -- adj.形容詞,用來修飾人物。 The students heard the exciting news. They got excited. 相同用法的還有：surprisesurprised interestinterested 等。 5. also 也、而且（用于肯定句中）。either 也（用于否定句末尾）too 也 (用于肯定句末 6. laugh at sb. 笑話；取笑（某人） 如：Don’t laugh at me! 不要取笑我! 7. take notes 做筆記，做記錄 16. native speaker 說本族語的人17. make up 組成、構(gòu)成 8. enjoy doing sth . 喜歡做…樂意做… 如：She enjoys playing football. 她喜歡踢足球。 enjoy oneself =have a good time 過得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他過得愉快。 9. practice doing 練習(xí)做某事 如：She often practice speaking English. 她經(jīng)常練習(xí)說英語。 10 decide to do sth. 決定做某事如：LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing .李雷已經(jīng)決定去北京。 11. deal with 處理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem. 12. worry about sb./ sth. 擔(dān)心某人/ 某事 如：Mother worried about his son just now. 13. go by (時間) 過去 如： Two years went by. 兩年過去了。 14 see sb. / sth. Doing sth 看見某人正在做某事 強調(diào)正在發(fā)生 see sb. / sth. do sth看見某人做完某事 如：She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 15. each other 彼此 We should help each other. 16. regard… as …把…看作為 The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 這些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。 17. too many許多　修飾可數(shù)名詞too much許多 修飾不可數(shù)名詞much too太 修飾形容詞 18. change…　into…　將…變?yōu)椤∪纾篢he magician changed the pen into a book. 19. with the help of sb. =with one’s help 在某人的幫助下 如with the help of LiLei = with LiLei’s help 在李雷 20. compare … to …　把…與…相比　如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky. 聚焦by+v-ing結(jié)構(gòu) by+v-ing結(jié)構(gòu)是本單元的語法“主角”。你對它了解嗎？下面就讓我們把焦點對準(zhǔn)這一結(jié)構(gòu)，給它做個透視吧！ [例句]1. He makes a living by teaching. 2. He succeeded by working hard. 3 —How does she learn English? —By reading aloud. [結(jié)論] by+v-ing結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中做方式狀語，該結(jié)構(gòu)表示通過做某事而得到某種結(jié)果。______在以上句子中表示方法、手段、方式等，有“通過/借助/用(某種方法或手段)”等含義。對它引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(表方法或手段)提問時，用疑問詞______。 Key: by; how [運用]完成句子。 1. I learn new words ________(通過看英語雜志). 2. Do you improve your English _______(通過加入英語俱樂部)? 3. —How do you review your English?—_____________(靠讀英語課文). [拓展]◆by還可與bus、train、plane、bike等名詞連用，表示交通手段。此時它與名詞之間不用任何限定詞。 例如：Every day he goes there by train. 他每天坐火車去那里。 ◆by、in和with的區(qū)別 by、with和in都可以表示方式，但用法不同。 by表示“以……的方式、方法、手段”，后接表示動作、行為的名詞。例如： You may send the book by post. 你可以郵寄這本書。 in通常表示“用某種語言”、“用某種工具、材料”等。例如： The teacher asked you to say it in English. 老師讓你用英語把它表述出來。 with表示“借助于某一具體的工具、材料或人體器官”。例如：We work with our hands. ( )4. He learns French ___keeping a French notebook . A. in B. with C. by ( )5. We often go to school ______ bike. A. by B. with C. in D. to ( )6. Can you sing the song ______ English? ( )7. We see ______ our eyes. A.in B. with （2）意為“不遲于”、“到……時為止”。 如：Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會好的。 （3）用于被動句中，表示行為主體，常譯作“被”、“由”等。如： 　　 English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說。（即“許多人講英語。”） （4）組成其它短語。 　1) by the way : 意為“順便說”、“順便問一下”，常做插入語。如： 　　　 By the way , where’s Li Ping , do you know? 順便問一下，李平在哪兒。你知道嗎？ （5) by oneself : 意為“單獨”、“自行”。如：I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把他單獨留下。 36.however與but 二者都意為“可是，但是”；but是并列名詞，連接兩個并列分句，上下二句在總的意義上構(gòu)成了對比。but之后一般不使用逗號。I really dont like cheese, but I will try just a little this time.我實在是不喜歡吃奶酪，但是這次我要嘗一點。 however不能直接連接兩個分句，必須另起新句，并用逗號隔開。however在位于分句之首時，通常用逗號；位于分句之中時，通常在其前后各加一個逗號；位于分句之尾時，則必須在其前加逗號。It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大，不過我們還是出去尋找那個孩子。 37. join/join in/take part in join 意為“加入某一種組織，成為其中一員（become a member of）”。join 后面還可接表示人的名詞或代詞，表示加入到某人或某些人的活動中去。如：My uncle joined the Party in 1978.我叔叔是1978年入黨的。We are going for a swim.Will you come and join us?我們要去游泳，你來同我們一起去好嗎？ join in 表示“加入”，“參與”某種活動，in 之后可接名詞或動名詞。表示“參加某人的活動”可以說 join sb,in(doing)sth.。 如：he joined them in the work.他同他們一起工作。 Will you join us in playing basketball?你跟我們一起打籃球好嗎？ take part in 表示“參加某種活動”，與 join in 同義，一般可以互相替換，但“參加會議”多用 take part in。如：The teacher took part in(或 joined in) our discussion yesterday.昨天老師參加了我們的討論。When will you take part in the meeting?你將什么時候參加會議？ 38.have trouble doing sth.表示“做某事有困難。”eg: I had trouble climbing the mountain. 6. aloud, loud與loudly的用法 三個詞都與"大聲"或"響亮"有關(guān)。 （1）aloud是adv,重點在出聲能讓人聽見,但聲音不一定很大,通常放在動詞之后。aloud沒有比較級②loud可作形容詞或副詞。用作副詞時,常與speak, talk, laugh等動詞連用,多用于比 較級,須放在動詞之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她讓我們說大聲一點。 ③loudly是副詞,與loud同義,有時兩者可替換使用,但往往含有令人討厭或打擾別人 的意思,可位于動詞之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.