中考英語 第三輪 中考題型聚焦 題型五 閱讀理解（一）考點跟蹤1

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題型五　閱讀理解(一) 話題 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 A篇 Emma在 歐洲旅游 的見聞 (4個表格) 對理想學(xué) 校的設(shè)計 (5段) 18歲之前 從事活動 (4個表格) 環(huán)保 活動介紹 (3個表格) 微博及其 評論(5 欄表格) B篇 Facemail 功能簡介 及其前 景(4段) 回顧10年 前的人生 理想發(fā)出 感慨(7段) 考試抄襲 幽默故事 (8段) 哲理故事 享受過程 (9段) 環(huán)境保護(hù) Bed ZED 生態(tài)村 (5段) C篇 讓孩子學(xué) 著判斷他 們自己的 工作(4段) 微笑面對 身邊的人 (8段) 綠色環(huán)保 回收利用 (4段) 時間與注 意力的關(guān) 系(6段) 人與動物 的界限 (2段) 考查方式 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 細(xì)節(jié)理解 41，43， 44，52 46～48， 51， 54～58 46～47， 49， 56～58 46～49， 51～52， 57～58 46～49， 51，53， 58，59 主旨大意 / / 50，60 / 50，60 詞/句 義猜測 48，53 52 52 56 54 推理判斷 42，45～ 47，49 ～51，54 49，50， 53，59 48，53， 54，59 50，53～ 55，59 52，56， 57 標(biāo)題歸納 55 60 55 60 55 數(shù)字計算 / / 51 / / 　　近5年山西中考閱讀理解(一)，A篇一般為圖表型文章，話題涉及事物介紹、廣告信息和生活建議等，詞數(shù)在180～290之間，考查角度以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主。同學(xué)們平時應(yīng)注重對圖表信息的理解和收集整理。B、C篇中應(yīng)用文、記敘文和說明文均有涉及。話題方面較常見的有事物介紹、人物故事、科普知識、環(huán)境保護(hù)、學(xué)生生活、行為習(xí)慣等，詞數(shù)在180～340之間。設(shè)置方式以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，還會涉及詞義猜測題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題和標(biāo)題歸納題等。此處，詞義猜測題多在B篇出現(xiàn)，且在2016年出現(xiàn)了句意猜測題，B篇和C篇的最后1小題多為標(biāo)題歸納題或主旨大意題，但兩篇的考查角度不重復(fù)，即B篇為主旨大意題，那么，C篇一般則為標(biāo)題歸納題。 預(yù)計2017年考查方式會延續(xù)往年的命題特點。 閱讀理解是考查學(xué)生綜合能力的一個重要題型，主要考查考生對閱讀材料的理解能力、對材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。解答選擇型閱讀理解題，可以大概分為三個步驟，具體如下： 一、快速閱讀短文 先讀題，明確題目要求，然后帶著問題去讀文章，這種方法稱為尋讀?？焖匍喿x一遍全文，弄清段落大意，對全文有一個整體了解，閱讀時從宏觀入手，掌握中心意思，注意哪些是用以說明中心意思的主要事實和細(xì)節(jié)，抓住關(guān)鍵詞，弄清作者的寫作目的及意圖。如遇到生詞，應(yīng)先跳過，繼續(xù)閱讀全文，切忌長時間猜測生詞的意思，因為有些生詞并不影響對全文的理解，還有一些詞可以通過上下文推測出其含義。 二、認(rèn)真逐題作答 閱讀完短文后，對整篇短文的內(nèi)容有了大致的了解，然后再看文章后的問題，如果屬于客觀事實題，可直接在短文中找到答案。如果是主觀判斷題，則應(yīng)再次迅速通讀全文，仔細(xì)分析思考。 三、仔細(xì)檢查答案 做完所有題目后，再讀一遍短文，逐一檢查所有答案是否有誤。如果有不太確定的答案，不要隨意更改。一定要從原文中找到依據(jù)，方可更正。 (2016，山西) Emma has just finished travelling alone in Europe.Are you interested in her journey? Lets read some of her travel diaries. 1．Emma was looking forward to this travel because ________. A．she had never taken a train ride before B．she could do anything she liked on the journey C．she hoped to keep herself away from the busy life 2．From the passage，we can know Salzburg is a great place for ________. A．enjoying classical music B．buying childrens books C．visiting history museums 3．In Amsterdam，she ________. A．climbed the beautiful mountains B．travelled along the river in a boat C．wrote some postcards in her hotel 4．She didnt need to worry about her safety in Copenhagen because ________. A．there was very little crime there B．the city was full of friendly people C．she thought she was careful enough 5．We can know that ________ from the passage. A．Emma has little interest in art B．Emma is a brave but careless girl C．Emms travels were enjoyable and special 【主旨大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。通過愛瑪?shù)乃钠沼浐喴榻B了愛瑪獨自一人在歐洲旅游的經(jīng)歷。 1．B　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：愛瑪正期待這場旅游是因為________。A：在這之前，她沒有坐過火車旅游；B：她可以在旅行期間做任何她想做的事；C：她想讓自己遠(yuǎn)離忙碌的生活。從第一篇日記中的“It is great because I can choose what I want to do in each city.”可知愛瑪是因為可以做自己想做的事而感到開心。故選B。 方法點撥：主要考查學(xué)生在通讀文章后，直接能找出問題的答案，難度較小。此類題主要針對文章某個細(xì)節(jié)來設(shè)置。解答此類試題時，可利用題目中的關(guān)鍵詞匯去尋找文中的對應(yīng)詞匯，在其周圍找答案或直接在文中搜索答案，對號入座。細(xì)節(jié)理解要注意同義不同句。 2．A　【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：從這篇文章，我們知道Salzburg是一個________的圣地。A：欣賞古典音樂；B：買兒童讀物；C：參觀歷史博物館。由句中的關(guān)鍵詞“Salzburg”可知相關(guān)信息在第二則日記里，由日記中的提示詞“the famous musician，many classical concerts”可知Salzburg是一個音樂圣地。故選A。 方法點撥：此類題主要考查學(xué)生對文中某些詞、句子或段落進(jìn)行推理或根據(jù)句子的語氣、文章論調(diào)和傾向進(jìn)行推斷的能力。解答此類試題時，需注意以文章提供的事實和線索為依據(jù)，由已知推及未知，遵循“詞不離句，句不離段，段不離篇”的原則。常見的設(shè)題方式有： ◆What can you conclude (推斷)from this passage? ◆We can infer(推斷)from the passage that... 3．B　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在Amsterdam，她________。A：爬了美麗的山；B：坐船沿河游玩；C：在她的賓館里寫了一些明信片。由句中的關(guān)鍵詞“Amsterdam”可知相關(guān)信息在第三則日記里，由日記中的最后一句“I also took a boat ride along the river.”可知答案選B。 4．A　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在Copenhagen她不需要擔(dān)心她的安全，因為________。A：這兒有很少的犯罪；B：這座城里到處都是友好的人們；C：她認(rèn)為她足夠小心。由句中的關(guān)鍵詞“Copenhagen”可知相關(guān)信息在第四則日記里，由日記中的第三句“There is very little crime (犯罪) here.”可知答案選A。 5．C　【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：從這篇文章，我們知道________。A：愛瑪對藝術(shù)幾乎沒有興趣；B：愛瑪是一個勇敢的但粗心的女孩；C：愛瑪?shù)穆眯惺橇钊擞鋹偤吞厥獾?。由第二則日記可知，愛瑪對音樂比較感興趣；由第四則日記可知愛瑪是一個很細(xì)心的人。結(jié)合四篇文章的措辭可知愛瑪很享受這次旅游，故選C。 詞匯猜測類 方法點撥：此類題主要考查學(xué)生對某個“單詞、短語或句子”在特定語言環(huán)境下具體含義的理解。解答此類題，可采用以下五類猜詞技巧：①利用構(gòu)詞法；②利用同義詞、近義詞、反義詞；③利用定義和解釋猜詞；④利用例證猜詞；⑤根據(jù)生活常識猜詞。另外，采用“代入法”也十分有效，即：將備選答案逐一帶入文中，哪個使句子通順、連貫，且與上下文語境符合，即為正確答案。 標(biāo)題歸納類 方法點撥：此類題主要考查學(xué)生對文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會和理解能力。解答此類試題時，需注意以下五點：①以原文為依據(jù)，不摻雜個人意見；②注意絕對化的詞，選最適合本篇文章的；③答案避免以點帶面，以偏概全；④文章沒提到的，不要妄自猜測，一切以文章內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)。因此，所選的標(biāo)題一般須符合三個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：概括性、有針對性、醒目性。 另外，山西中考閱讀理解(一)還會從“詞匯猜測、標(biāo)題歸納、主旨大意”角度進(jìn)行命題，針對這三種命題角度，考生也可采用以下技巧進(jìn)行解答： 主旨大意題 方法點撥：此類題主要考查考生對文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會和理解能力。尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。在解答此類題目時，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義，涉及文章的標(biāo)題(title)、主題(main idea)、結(jié)論(conclusion)等有關(guān)問題，都需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)知識進(jìn)行邏輯推理、判斷，從而獲取文章中的內(nèi)在信息。常見的設(shè)題方式有： ◆Whats the main idea of the passage? ◆What does the text /passage mainly tell us? Passage 1(2016，山西)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號：36422354) When I opened my email the other day，Rachel，a pretty woman，appeared on my computer screen.She greeted me by name and started talking happily.Sometimes she stopped to smile at me or blow a kiss.It was cool，right? In fact，she was reading to me an email from my brother John. Rachel could be there because of a new technology called Facemail.Facemail lets you send emails in a funny way.By using it，your emails can be read to the receiver by an attractive person or by a clown.You can download the software at www.Facemail.com without paying.Facemail faces are lively and they can simulate the emotions that you put in your text.For example，type in ，and Rachel blows a kiss. LifeFX，the company that developed the Facemail，is sure there are wide business uses.Why is ebusiness not so popular now? One of the reasons is that buying online has no human touch.But if you go to the Nike website，and the famous basketball star Michael Jordan greets you by name，serves you，and personally closes_the_sale，wont you be happy? Also，if mom cant be home when kids get back from school，she can leave a note with a voice and picture on the screen to tell them what there is to eat. Its true that Facemail makes life easy and fun，but it should be used with care.The clown looks lively and funny at first.But if you choose the clown，put a few rude words in an email and add some angry emotions，youve got a Psycho mail. 1．In fact，who is Rachel？__C__ A．She is a pretty actress. B．She is Johns girlfriend. C．She is not a real person. 2．What is the main advantage of Facemail？__B__ A．You dont need to pay for it. B．Email can be attractive in a more lovely way. C．You can ask a beautiful woman to read the email to you. 3．What does the underlined expression “closes the sale” probably mean？__B__ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A．停止?fàn)I業(yè) B．達(dá)成交易 C．取消折扣 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？__B__ A．You shouldnt choose a clown. B．Facemail can be widely used in business. C．Mom can show her kids how to cook by Facemail. 5．What is the writers attitude(態(tài)度) towards Facemail？__C__ A．He thinks its a danger to the Internet. B．He thinks it needs further improvement. C．He thinks its a cool and funny technology. Passage 2(2016，山西)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號：36422355) Let children learn to judge(判斷) their own work.A child doesnt learn to talk by being corrected all the time.If he is corrected too much，he will stop talking.He notices a thousand times a day the differences between the language he uses and the language others use.Little by little，he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other peoples. In the same way，children learn to do all the other things without being taught—to walk，run，climb or ride a bicycle.They compare their performances with those of more skilled people，and slowly make the changes.But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them himself.We do it all for him.We thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him，or correct it unless he was made to.Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher.Let him work out with the help of other children if he wants it. If it is a matter in math or science，give him the answer book.Let him correct his own papers.Why_should_we_teachers_waste_time_on_such_daily_work? Our job should be to help the children when they tell us that he cant find the way to get the right answer.Let the children learn what all educated persons must learn，how to measure(估量) their own understanding，how to know what they know or do not know. Let them get on with this job in their ways.School teachers can offer help if they ask for it.Some parents and teachers are worried that the children might fail to learn something that they will need to get in the world.Dont worry! If it is important，they will go out into the world and learn it. 1．According to the passage，the best way for children to learn things is by __C__. A．being always corrected B．following adults advice C．doing as other people do 2．The writer thinks teachers in school should __A__. A．encourage students to learn from each other B．teach students how to get the answers directly C．tell students what is wrong as often as possible 3．The underlined sentence in the third paragraph means __C__. A．teachers cant correct students papers B．teachers neednt waste time teaching students in class C．teachers should help students improve their learning ability 4．We can infer(推斷) that __B__ from the passage. A．students can face any challenge easily B．students can learn a lot in the real life C．students can grow up without others help 5．The best title of the passage may be __B__. A．Let Us Teachers Stop Working B．Let Children Learn by Themselves C．Let Parents Understand Their Kids Passage 1(2015，山西)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號：36422356) We spend hours，days and years of our lives in education.But how perfect do you think your school is? Imagine you could design(設(shè)計)your ideal(理想的)school.What would it be like? We wanted to find out what teenagers around the world thought.Here is some designing from four children of different countries. 1．Ma thinks his dream school should provide__A__ for students. A．more enjoyable things B．a(chǎn) comfortable computer room C．a(chǎn) place to switch off from the lessons 2．Sonia thinks students should share a room where they can__C__. A．play sports B．play instruments C．play computer games 3．Richard wants to have__B__ off every week. A．two days　　B．three days　　C．four days 4．Rebecca may like__A__ according to the passage. A．playing music B．chatting with friends C．doing some shopping 5．We can infer(推斷)that in the four childrens opinion，the ideal school should be a place where__C__. A．students can learn more knowledge B．students can get on well with their teachers C．students wishes and interests can be respected Passage 2(2015，山西)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號：36422357) Lets suppose it is a common day of 2060.Of course，things have changed and life is very different. Trips to the moon are being made every day.Taking a holiday on the moon today is as easy as taking a holiday in Europe in the 2010s.At a number of scenic spots (風(fēng)景勝地) on the moon，many hotels have been built.In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon，every room has at least one picture window.Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of the young and old. What are people eating now？People are still eating food.But many foods now come in pill (藥片) form，and the food that goes into the pill comes mainly from green plants. Because people in the world today are many more than those about fifty years ago，most of the earths surface has to be filled.The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer eaten by pests (害蟲)．The harvest is always good. Farming，of course，is very highly developed.Very few people have to work on the farm.It is possible to run the farm by just using a few computers. People are now largely vegetarians，and they eat only bread，vegetables，fruit and so on and they dont eat meat or fish.You see，as the number of people increases，the number of animals decreases.So people have to be vegetarians.We are healthier both in our bodies and in our minds，and we know how to deal with all kinds of illnesses.No one has to be ill any more. Such would be our life in 2060. 1．What will be on the moon in 2060 according to the passage？__C__ A．Many green plants. B．Many wild animals. C．Many interesting places. 2．Whats the meaning of the underlined word “irrigated”？__B__ A．沖刷 B．灌溉 C．淹沒 3．Which of the following is TRUE？__C__ A．People only eat foods in pill form. B．People dont have plenty of crops. C．People run the farms by using high technology. 4．Why do people have to be vegetarians in 2060？__C__ A．Because they want to be healthier. B．Because vegetables can make the patients well. C．Because there will be more people and fewer animals. 5．What attitude (態(tài)度) does the writer have about the future life？__A__ A．He feels pretty hopeful about the future. B．He is not very satisfied with some things of the future. C．He seems really sad about what is happening in the future. Passage 3(2015，山西)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號：36422358) Old Dawson had the best apples in town，but kids knew they mustnt go into his yard to pick a delicious apple，even off the ground，because Dawson，a badtempered (壞脾氣的) man，they said，would come after you with his gun. One Friday，12yearold Janet was going to stay all night with her friend Amy.They had to walk by Dawsons house on the way to Amys house.Like most of the children，Janet was scared of the old man because of the stories shed heard about him. Amy said that Mr.Dawson wouldnt hurt anyone.Still，Janet was growing more nervous with each step closer to the old mans house.When they got close enough，Dawson looked up with his usual frown (皺眉)，but when he saw it was Amy，a big smile changed his whole face as he said，“Hello，Miss Amy.I see youve got a little friend with you today.” Amy smiled back and told him Janet was staying overnight and they were going to listen to music and play games.Dawson told them that sounded fun，and offered them each a fresh picked apple off his tree. As they walked on，Janet asked Amy，“Everyone says hes the meanest man in town.Why was he so nice to us？” Amy explained that when she first started walking past his house，he wasnt very friendly and she was afraid of him，but she always smiled at him.It took a while，but one day he halfsmiled back at her. After some more time，he_started_smiling_real_smiles and then started talking to her.Just a “Hello” at first，then more.She said he always offers her an apple now，and is always very kind. Were always trying to achieve so much，and its so easy to get caught up in (被卷入，陷入) everyday life that we forget we can bring cheer to ourselves and others simply.Giving a smile takes so little effort; lets smile to others. 1．Kids were afraid of Dawson because __B__ . A．he disliked children B．he was a badtempered man C．he always took a gun with him 2．On that day，when Old Dawson saw Amy getting close to his house，he was __B__ . A．very mad B．quite happy C．really scared 3．From the passage，we can know that __C__ . A．Amy wast afraid of Dawson before B．Janet never heard about the stories of Dawson C．Dawson offered each of the two children an apple that day 4．The underlined sentence “he started smiling real smiles” means “Mr.Dawson __C__ ”． A．got to like Amys smile day by day B．didnt know how to smile until he met Amy C．started to accept Amy as a true friend with real feeling 5．The best title for the passage may be __B__ . A．Smile Brings a Big Success B．Smile Improves the Relationship C．Smile Changes the Environment Passage 4(2014，山西)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號：36422359) Are you bored with your daily routine？Here are some things you should try before you are 18，because after that its too late! Learn to swim Actually，this is so important it could save your life.If you cant swim well，you wont be able to do water sports like waterskiing，surfing and diving.Even taking a boat trip will not be safe for you.Make sure you do it. Collect something One of the best hobbies for under18s is collecting things.You could collect stamps，or you could collect things that make you remember what you have done，like cinema tickets for films.The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you.That way you wont forget. Try at least one kind of team sports Being a good team player is an important skill in life.You cant just think of yourself，but have to work well with other people.Other advantages of team sports like basketball，football and baseball are that they keep you fit and healthy，and they are also great fun.Teams usually have a good social life，too—youll go to lots of parties and make many friends. Write your family tree When you are young，get to know all the older people in your family and find out as much as you can about when they were young.Draw a family tree and make notes about each person so that you wont forget. 1．According to the passage，we should learn to swim because it could __A__． A．save our lives B．keep us fit and healthy C．make us work well with others 2．The best way to collect things is __A__． A．to have a special album B．to buy more stamps and tickets C．to exchange them with your friends 3．Being a good team player can help you __B__． A．think of yourself B．have a good social skill C．become a ball game star 4．In order not to forget the older people in your family，you should __C__． A．go to lots of family parties B．find something that they used C．draw a family tree and make notes 5．The passage mainly tells us that __B__． A．hobbies play an important role in everyones growth B．you are supposed to try some things before youre 18 C．everyone should get into good habits when they are young Passage 5(2014，山西)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號：36422360) In 2002，I wrote a letter for my future self with instructions not to open until my birthday in 2014.It is 2014 now.Yesterday was my birthday and I opened it.This is what it said： Dear Sherri， By the time you read this，you will be 30.At the age of 18 I had many dreams about you.Right now I hope you have traveled and seen everything youve always wanted to，both in Canada and abroad，maybe you have even settled_down somewhere in France，and maybe you are working in the field of art.I hope youre married to Gwynn—the man of your dreams.Youll probably have two children—a girl and a boy. If everything goes okay，youll be living in France in a big house in a small town with Gwynn and your two children.You are doing research in painting.Gwynn will be a computer programmer and you will be doing all right for yourselves. However，if things dont go according to plan，I wish you love，happiness and joy. Love， Sherri “18” When I read this，I was surprised.So much of what I wanted has come true. I did travel to a few more places in Canada.Ive traveled to the UK，Australia and Egypt.I have been living in France for nearly 4 years in a big house，in a small suburb (郊區(qū))，in a major city.I am an art teacher in a university.I have two lovely kids. But not everything went as what I hoped.I married a man named Tom Rees，and he is an excellent artist.We are doing all right for ourselves. I find it cool how the dreams of a young girl can become a grown womans reality (現(xiàn)實)． 1．How long did Sherri wait to open the letter？__A__ A．For 12 years. B．For 18 years. C．For 30 years. 2．What does the underlined phrase “settled down” mean in Chinese？__C__ A．參觀　　　　　B．旅行　　　　　C．定居 3．Among her dreams，which one did NOT come true？__C__ A．To work in the field of art. B．To be a mother of two kids. C．To marry a computer programmer. 4．What can we infer (推斷) from the passage？__B__ A．She plans to move to the UK later. B．She enjoys the life with her family now. C．She loses hope because not everything goes well. 5．What is the best title for thi