高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第1部分 提升語法運(yùn)用 第4講 定語從句

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第四講 定語從句 1．(2016高考全國(guó)乙卷語法填空)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s， I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 2．(2016高考全國(guó)丙卷語法填空)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius， lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the development of chopsticks. 3．(2013高考新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ單選，4改編)When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying. 4．(2012高考新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ單選，8改編)That evening， I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late. 5．(2015高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語法填空)Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 6．(2013高考廣東卷語法填空)Nicks guests， had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. 7．(2015高考廣東卷語法填空)When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market people from the towns met regularly. 8．(2014高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語法填空)Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy. 9．(2014高考廣東卷語法填空)The next day，my brother and I went to the beach we watched some people play volleyball. 10．(2013高考新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ短文改錯(cuò))Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. 11．(2016高考北京卷單選，22改編)I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise. 12．(2016高考天津卷單選，9改編)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， the weather may be better. 13．(2013高考浙江卷單選，5改編)The children，all of which had played the whole day long，were worn out. 14．(2015高考天津卷單選，15改編)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere that his employees enjoy their work. 15．(2014高考四川卷單選，4改編)Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，that is quite unexpected. 答案：1.when　2.who　3.where　4.which　5.that/which 6．who　7.where　8.that/which　9.where　10.that→which　11.whose　12.when　13.which→whom　14.that→where　15.that→which 1．選擇關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的三個(gè)原則 (1)根據(jù)所引導(dǎo)的從句的限制性和非限制性； (2)根據(jù)所替代的先行詞是指人還是指物； (3)根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧? 若從句中缺主語、賓語、定語或表語，則用關(guān)系代詞；若從句中缺狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。 2．牢記定語從句的特殊用法 看到先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如point，situation，case，stage等，若引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，則常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句；若不作狀語，則常用關(guān)系代詞that/which。 3．熟記as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別 (1)位置不同 as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時(shí)還可插入主句中；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句之后。 (2)含義不同 as意為“正如……”，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意為“這一點(diǎn)”。 4．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的選擇原則 (1)根據(jù)介詞與定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配； (2)根據(jù)介詞與前面先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配； (3)根據(jù)介詞與定語從句中形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配； (4)在非限制性定語從句中表“所有關(guān)系”或“整體中的一部分”時(shí)常用介詞of。 5．巧辨定語從句與其他從句 (1)定語從句與名詞性從句的區(qū)別 定語從句前必須有先行詞，先行詞通常為名詞或代詞；名詞性從句除同位語從句外，前面均無名詞或代詞。 (2)定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別 二者前通常都有名詞或代詞，但定語從句起修飾、限定作用；同位語從句起解釋、說明作用；引導(dǎo)定語從句的that在從句中作主語、賓語或表語；而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that在從句中不作成分。 (3)非限制性定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別 若前后句之間有and，but，so等并列連詞或分號(hào)等，則為并列句；若只有逗號(hào)，且逗號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面某一名詞或句子的補(bǔ)充說明，則為非限制性定語從句。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．(2016江西紅色七校一聯(lián))There，lying in the muddy river bed was a little dog about two months old， front legs were tightly tied with ropes. 2．This is an age so many foreigners are crazy about teachings of Confucius. 3．(2016廣東汕頭二模)Sierra Leone is a country basic health facilities are lacking and many people are struggling with poverty. 4．(2016山東青島一模)On looking at the spot the bird had risen，I saw two eggs. 5．When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying. 6．Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected. 7．(2016山東煙臺(tái)3月診斷)The heartwarming story began in September last year a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood to accept her sixyearold son. 8．(2016遼寧葫蘆島調(diào)研)With the fast development of agriculture，the people，in village she taught 10 years ago，have lived a happy life. 9．(2016江西新余一模)There are many new central leaders in China now，of many once worked in the western provinces. 10．(2016安徽皖北協(xié)作區(qū)3月聯(lián)考)If the earth is poisoned，the water，the food and the animals will be poisoned， means that we who poison the earth will be poisoned too. 11．The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected. 12．Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world. 13．He talked about the people and the place he had visited in that country. 14．He is a man never leaves todays work till tomorrow. 15．This is the way he told me yesterday. 16． the old saying goes，“You cant judge a book by its cover.” 17． is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. 18．The weather turned out to be very good， was more than we could expect. 19．I have read the book A Tale of Two Cities， was written by Charles Dickens. 20．They talked in such simple English children could understand. 答案：1.whose　2.when　3.where　4.where　5.where　6.where　7.when　8.whose　9.whom　10.which 11．whose　12.which/that　13.that　14.who/that 15．that　16.As　17.As　18.which　19.which　20.as Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．Tibet is a beautiful part of China，without where our country would be incomplete. 2．The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop，which they plan to stay for three days. 3．If you risk something important，you cause it to be in a dangerous situation that you might lose it. 4．That is the reason why he explained to us. 5．This is the only way which we can find at present. 6．The pen with that he wrote was made in China. 7．The train with which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast. 8．This is the garden，gate of which is very large. 9．Who is the girl with which you just shook hands? 10．These houses are sold at such a low price that people expected. 答案：1.where→which　2.which→where或which前加in　3.that→where　4.why→that/which　5.which→that 6．that→which　7.with→on　8.gate前加the　9.which→whom　10.that→as Ⅲ.語法填空 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 I was visiting the Cape Verde Islands with some friends.Although it was a 1. (wind)day，the water was clear and my friends were out on the reef.Going out to snorkel(潛泳)，I 2. (notice)that an ocean current had spread to the bay，pushing me towards rocks 3. (cover)in sea urchins(海膽)．Since I wasnt close to the shore，4. would have been a tiring exercise to swim against it，so，using the current，I made it back to shore in about an hour. 5． (lie)on the beach and out of breath，I heard a voice.A man，6. was one of the guys I had just met，was getting pushed past the rocks and would be quickly carried out to sea.No one else was close，7. I jumped into the water.Keeping a mark on all of the submerged rocks and sand bars(沙洲)，I swam out to him. “Get hold of my arm and when you reach a sand bar，grip it with your feel，” I said over the roar of the waves. With one hand，I held onto the man，and with 8. other，I was using all of my remaining 9. (strong)to reach the sand bars.Again，I used the current to get across the bay，towards the shallows.10. (final)，we crawled up the sand and lay there watching the sun. 答案：1.windy　2.noticed　3.covered　4.it　5.Lying 6．who　7.so　8.the　9.strength　10.Finally Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) (2016河北衡水中學(xué)模擬)Although it took place three years ago，I never forget the evening party which is such a unforgettable experience.In the evening party，we both spoke English.Some boys and girls sang English songs and danced happy.Our monitor had offered us some riddles and crossword puzzles.Unless you couldnt guess it，you had to sing a song or dance or tell a story.The most exciting program is the short play “Cow and Cough”，where was played by our teacher and a few students. We burst into laughter.The short play was not funny but instructive.When my classmate meet each other again，they often refer to that interested and unforgettable party. 答案： Ⅴ.寫作提升 A．作文例句翻譯(用定語從句) 1．我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該經(jīng)常和我們的父母交換意見，他們經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富，最重要的是，他們是世界上最愛我們的人。 2．很抱歉我沒有立刻回復(fù)一周前你寄給我的電子郵件。 3．總之，能夠在短時(shí)間內(nèi)贏得他們的友誼是我一生中感到最自豪的事。 4．因此，那些做那些最不起眼工作的人應(yīng)該得到和工程師或教師一樣的尊重。 5．我讓他給你帶去你以前要的中國(guó)畫。 答案：1.We students should often exchange ideas with our parents，who are rich in experience，and above all，love us most in the world. 2．I’m sorry I couldn’t reply to your email which you sent me a week ago immediately. 3．In a word，being able to win their friendship in a very short time is the thing that I am proud of most in my life. 4．Consequently，those who do those most insignificant jobs should get respect as much as those being engineers or teachers. 5．I’ve asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you’ve asked for before. B．根據(jù)上下文和括號(hào)中的提示，用定語從句完成語段。 In our school，there are various kinds of activities，1. (我們非常喜歡它們)．Playing football and reading stories are my favorites 2. (它們對(duì)我有許多好處)．Besides building my body and enriching my knowledge，they also free me from the heavy work or study. From my point of view，if there is an activity 3. (使你感興趣并適合你)，you should participate in it，4. (它不僅能使你的學(xué)校生活豐富多彩，還能提高你的交際能力)． 答案：1.which we enjoy very much　2.which do me lots of good　3.which interests and suits you　4.which will not only enrich your school life，but also improve your ability to communicate with others 定語從句 [注意](1)以下情況下一般用that： ①當(dāng)先行詞是指物的all，little，few，much，any，anything，everything，nothing，none，the one時(shí)，或先行詞被all，little，few，much，any，every，no等修飾時(shí)。 ②先行詞是序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)形容詞時(shí)，或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞(包括last，next)、最高級(jí)形容詞及the only，the very等修飾時(shí)。 ③先行詞包括人和物時(shí)。 (2)當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因(只能是reason)等，且這些先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，就分別用when，where，why來引導(dǎo)定語從句。另外，when，where，why一般可用“介詞＋which”替代，其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。 [特別提醒]　當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的詞語時(shí)，不一定填關(guān)系副詞when，where，why，只有當(dāng)這些詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，才用關(guān)系副詞，否則要用關(guān)系代詞。