電熱水暖恒溫自動控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)

電熱水暖恒溫自動控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì),電熱,水暖,恒溫,自動控制系統(tǒng),設(shè)計(jì) 摘要溫度是電熱水暖控制的主要被控參數(shù)之一，可是由于溫度自身的一些特點(diǎn),如慣性大，滯后現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重，難以建立精確的數(shù)學(xué)模型等,給控制過程帶來了難題。本文研究合適的控制方案對電熱水暖溫度進(jìn)行控制，技術(shù)要求是調(diào)節(jié)時間短，超調(diào)量為零且穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差在±1℃內(nèi)。對電熱水暖這樣一個被控對象進(jìn)行控制，有很多方案可選。首選的方案是 PID 控制，因?yàn)樗唵?，容易?shí)現(xiàn)，在大多數(shù)情況下可以滿足性能要求，目前，PID 控制仍占 80%以上。它有可消除穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。PID 控制的性能取決于參數(shù)的整定情況，對那些對象模型復(fù)雜和模型難以確定的控制系統(tǒng)，具有很大的局限性，而且它的快速性和超調(diào)量之間的矛盾關(guān)系，使它不一定能滿足調(diào)節(jié)時間短、超調(diào)小的技術(shù)要求。本文設(shè)計(jì)了以8031 單片機(jī)為核心的溫度控制器，選用 Pt100 為溫度傳感器，采用 ADC0809 為 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器件,同時由過零觸發(fā)光電耦合器件 MOC3061 和晶閘管 BTA20 構(gòu)成驅(qū)動執(zhí)行單元，由按鍵、LED 數(shù)碼顯示器及報(bào)警單元等組成人機(jī)聯(lián)系電路。在進(jìn)行硬件設(shè)計(jì)的同時，也設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)軟件程序流程圖。關(guān)鍵詞：溫度；PID 控制；8031 單片機(jī)；Pt100 溫度傳感器；ADC0809 轉(zhuǎn)換器AbstractTemperature is one of the main parameters controlled in the electric water heater,But it is very difficult to control temperature well because of some characteristics of the temperature itself. For example temperature’s inertia is great,it’s time-lag is serious and it is difficult to establish accurate mathematical model of the object. This paper is to study an adapt control method to control the temperature of the electric water heater,the technology demand of control method is:the regulating time must be short, the overshoot must be zero and steady-state error must be in ±1℃.For the electric oven, there are many control methods to be selected.The first is the PID method. It is simple and easily realized. In most cases, it can meet the control demand. At present, in all of the control methods in use, the PID method still accounts for over 80 percent. It has the advantage to eliminate the steady-state error. Its efficiency depends on it parameters. In terms of those control objects whose models are complicated or are established difficultly, the PID method has very great limitation. Moreover,because of the conflict between quickness and the small overshoot, PID control cannot meet control demand.Second method can be fuzzy control, because it has the advantage of quickness, In the paper 8031 is used as controller, Pt100 is used as temperature sensor, and ADC0809 is used as A/D converter, because of it’s precision being high and anti-interference ability being strong. Performance unit is composed of photoelectrical coupler MOC3061 and TRIACS BTA20.Man-machine circuit is composed of buttons, LED and warning unit, etc.While the hardware circuit is designed, the corresponding procedure flow chart is alsodesigned.Key words: Temperature ；PID Control；8031；Pt100 temperature sensor；ADC0809A/D converter