高三英語(yǔ) 最后沖刺 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)課件 .ppt
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動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),【考向聚焦】 動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞是英語(yǔ)中最靈活、最難掌握的詞類,它是構(gòu)成句子的核心,是一個(gè)句子中不可缺少的成分。在考試大綱及考試說明中,動(dòng)詞占總詞匯量的1/3以上,起著舉足輕重的作用。 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在歷年高考題中所占比例最大,著重考查在不同的語(yǔ)境中對(duì)動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的應(yīng)用,以測(cè)試學(xué)生對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的掌握程度。,考綱要求考生在復(fù)習(xí)備考中主要掌握以下幾個(gè)方面:①動(dòng)詞的詞義;②動(dòng)詞搭配;③及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特殊用法;④熟記高頻動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)的用法(例如:break,bring,call,come,cut,give,go,get,hold,look,make,put,set,take,turn等)。,1.(2014·安徽,26)Terry,please ________ your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you. A.look up from B.look into C.look back on D.look through 解析 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:Terry,奶奶和你說話時(shí),請(qǐng)你抬起頭來,不要玩手機(jī)。look up from (從……)抬起頭來;look into 調(diào)查;look back on 回顧,回憶;look through 瀏覽;溫習(xí);根據(jù)句意選A。 答案 A,2.(2014·安徽,28)When the sports hero ________ at our party,he was welcomed with open arms. A.turned up B.left off C.moved on D.got away 解析 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:當(dāng)這位體育英雄出現(xiàn)在晚會(huì)上時(shí),他受到了熱情地(with open arms)歡迎。turn up 出現(xiàn);leave off 停止;move on 往前走;出發(fā);get away 離開;逃脫;出發(fā)。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選A。 答案 A,3.(2014·安徽,34)Shakespeare's writing is still popular today.It has really ________ the test of time. A.failed B.stood C.taken D.conducted 解析 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:莎士比亞的作品在今天依然受歡迎,它經(jīng)受住了時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)。fail 失?。籹tand 忍受;take花費(fèi)(時(shí)間,金錢等);conduct 行為,品行。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選B。 答案 B,4.(2014·大綱,31)Caroline doesn't have a gift for music,but she ________ it with hard work. A.goes back on B.takes away from C.makes up for D.catches up with 解析 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:凱瑟琳沒有音樂天賦,但是她利用勤奮工作來彌補(bǔ)這個(gè)缺憾。make up for彌補(bǔ);go back on 違背,背棄;take away from 從……拿走;減損;貶低;catch up with追上,趕上。根據(jù)句意選C。 答案 C,5.(2014·福建,25)It is widely acknowledged that students should be ________ in terms of overall quality. A.supported B.matched C.evaluated D.controlled 解析 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.“支持”;B.“匹配”;D.“控制”。句意:普遍認(rèn)為應(yīng)該根據(jù)學(xué)生的全部素養(yǎng)來評(píng)估他們。evaluated評(píng)估,故選C項(xiàng)。 答案 C,6.(2014·福建,33)As a grassroots singer,she reads everything she can ________ concerning music,and takes every opportunity to improve herself. A.catch sight of B.get hold of C.take charge of D.make mention of 解析 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意:作為一名草根歌手,她閱讀她能夠找到的關(guān)于音樂的一切材料,并且抓住每一個(gè)提高自己的機(jī)會(huì)。get hold of是固定用法,“抓住”,故選B項(xiàng)。A.“看到”;C.“負(fù)責(zé)”;D.“提到”。 答案 B,7.(2014·湖北,23)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him,he started to run down the hill,but ________ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow. A.slipped B.skied C.signalled D.sank 解析 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:看到一大群人朝他涌來,他開始往山下跑,但他滑倒了并且手膝著地跪在正融化的積雪上。A.slipped 滑倒;B.skied 投向空中;C.signalled 發(fā)信號(hào);D.sank 下沉。 答案 A,8.(2014·湖北,24)The old rules have to be ________ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago. A.developed B.established C.observed D.revised 解析 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:舊的規(guī)則不得不修改,因?yàn)樗鼈冎贿m用于一百年前當(dāng)時(shí)制定它們的環(huán)境。 A.developed 發(fā)展;B.established 建立;C.observed 觀察;遵守;D.revised 修改,改進(jìn)。 答案 D,9.(2014·湖北,25)I've been trying to phone Charles all evening,but there must be something wrong with the network;I can't seem to ________. A.get through B.get off C.get in D.get along 解析 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:我給查爾斯打了一晚上電話,但網(wǎng)絡(luò)一定出了問題,我似乎不能接通電話。A.get through通過;完成;接通電話;B.get off下車;動(dòng)身;脫下;C.get in進(jìn)入,陷入;D.get along進(jìn)展。 答案 A,10.(2014·湖北,26)Is this your necklace,Mary?I ______ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning. A.came across B.dealt with C.looked after D.went for 解析 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:瑪麗,這是你的項(xiàng)鏈嗎?我在打掃廁所時(shí)無(wú)意發(fā)現(xiàn)了它。A.came across偶然發(fā)現(xiàn);B.dealt with處理;C.looked after照顧;D.went for 去找;努力爭(zhēng)取。 答案 A,11.(2014·江蘇,25)Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies. A.chased B.registered C.offered D.compensated 解析 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:一些大公司都希望得到頂尖的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。A.“追逐,試圖得到”;B.“辭職,放棄”;C.“主動(dòng)提出”;D.“補(bǔ)償;賠償;抵消”,根據(jù)上下文句意可知選A。 答案 A,12.(2014·江蘇,30) —Dad,I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job. —I see.I'll go right away and ________. A.pay him back B.pay him off C.put him away D.put him off 解析 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:——爸爸,我認(rèn)為Oliver不是適合干這種工作的人?!颐靼琢?。我這就回去讓他結(jié)賬走人(即辭退他)。A.“報(bào)答,回報(bào)”;B.“償清,付清”;C.“把……收起來,放好”;D.put off“推遲”,賓語(yǔ)通常不是人;根據(jù)語(yǔ)境此處應(yīng)指因?yàn)镺liver不適合干這種工作,所以給他結(jié)清賬讓他另覓高就,故選B。 答案 B,13.(2014·江蘇,33)Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ________ the soul of Qu Yuan. A.remember B.remind C.recover D.recall 解析 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:傳說中端午節(jié)的起源是為了召回屈原的靈魂。A.“記起”;B.提醒,使記起;C.恢復(fù);痊愈;D.召回,回想起,記起。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知端午節(jié)劃龍舟的風(fēng)俗是由屈原投江后人們想召回其靈魂的行為演化而來的,故選D。 答案 D,14.(2014·江西,27)Anyway,we're here now,so let's ________ some serious work. A.come up with B.get down to C.do away with D.live up to 解析 考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞辨析。come up with提出;get down to著手做,開始努力做;do away with擺脫,廢除;live up to和……一樣好。根據(jù)句意,唯有B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 答案 B,15.(2014·江西,29)I don't believe what you said,but if you can prove it,you may be able to ________ me. A.convince B.inform C.guarantee D.refuse 解析 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:我不相信你的話,不過你若能拿出證據(jù),或許能夠說服我。convince使信服;inform通知;guarantee保證;refuse拒絕。 答案 A,16.(2014·陜西,18)Ralph W.Emerson would always ________ new ideas that occurred to him. A.set off B.set about C.set up D.set down 解析 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:Ralph W.Emerson總是會(huì)記下突如其來的新想法。A.set off動(dòng)身;引爆;B.set about開始著手做;C.set up建立;D.set down寫下,記下。 答案 D,17.(2014·天津,9)My parents always ________ great importance to my getting a good education. A.have B.a(chǎn)ttach C.a(chǎn)ccept D.pay 解析 考查固定搭配。句意:我的父母總是特別強(qiáng)調(diào)我要接受良好的教育。attach great importance to是固定短語(yǔ),“認(rèn)為……重要;強(qiáng)調(diào)其重要性”之意,故選B。 答案 B,18.(2014·天津,13)The two countries are going to meet to ________ some barriers to trade between them. A.make up B.use up C.turn down D.break down 解析 考查短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:這兩個(gè)國(guó)家將進(jìn)行會(huì)談以打破兩者之間貿(mào)易的障礙。A.編造,彌補(bǔ),和好,畫妝;B.用光,用完;C.擰小;拒絕;D.(機(jī)器等)壞掉;打破;分解。根據(jù)上下文,其賓語(yǔ)是barriers,故是打破障礙之意,故選D。 答案 D,19.(2014·浙江,7)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head,but I tried to ________ the pain,believing that it would go away sooner or later. A.share B.realize C.ignore D.cause 解析 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:上周,一個(gè)網(wǎng)球擊中了我的頭部,但我試圖不去理會(huì)(頭上的)疼痛,相信很快頭就不疼了。share分享;realize意識(shí)到;ignore忽視,不理會(huì);cause引起,造成。 答案 C,20.(2014·浙江,9)No matter how carefully you plan your finances,no one can ________ when the unexpected will happen. A.prove B.imply C.demand D.predict 解析 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:無(wú)論你怎樣小心地計(jì)劃你的開支,沒有人能預(yù)測(cè)到會(huì)有什么預(yù)料不到的事情發(fā)生。prove證明;imply暗示;demand要求;predict預(yù)測(cè)。 答案 D,考點(diǎn)? 詞義辨析 易混動(dòng)詞 1.lie,lie,lay,2.rise和raise:rise是不及物動(dòng)詞,其過去式是rose,過去分詞是risen,而raise是及物動(dòng)詞,是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。,3. hang的用法 hang有兩個(gè)意思:一為懸掛,是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,過去式、過去分詞都是hung;二為絞刑,是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,其過去式、過去分詞都是hanged。 4.bear的過去分詞born與borne bear作出生講有兩個(gè)過去分詞born,borne。只有當(dāng)be+born.短語(yǔ)后沒有by介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí),才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai.而作它用時(shí)要用borne。如:She has borne five children.但如果作忍受講,則一律用borne。,5.sit與seat seat為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是作容納講,sit只是表示一動(dòng)作。seat如果表示就座時(shí)要用be seated。如:They were seated at their desks.或用seat oneself,比如:I seated myself in the armchair. 6.win與beat win作勝,贏講時(shí)其后應(yīng)接,a game,an argument,a battle,a prize,a contest,a race,a bet,但不能接人,如果接人則有另外的含義。如:I have won him.即我已說服他了,我贏得他的好感。而beat是及物動(dòng)詞為擊敗,勝過講,直接接人、隊(duì)。,7.steal與rob steal為偷。rob為搶,其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地,而rob其后接人+of+搶的物品。 8.fit與suit fit與suit均可作適合講,但英文中卻用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的適合,而suit則多用于顏色、式樣的適合。,9.cost,spend與take 英文中花費(fèi)有三個(gè)詞cost,spend,take,但各有不同用法。cost作 “花費(fèi)”講,主語(yǔ)不能是人,而spend的主語(yǔ)不能是物。如:She spent all her money on stamps.而take作花費(fèi)講時(shí),可用人也可用物做主語(yǔ)。更多的用法是用形式主語(yǔ)it,如:It takes me three hours to finish this work.,10.have on,wear,put on及dress 作穿衣服講的動(dòng)詞分為狀態(tài)和動(dòng)作兩種。have on與wear作穿著狀態(tài)講;但have on不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而wear則常要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。put on是動(dòng)作,但dress既可用作狀態(tài),又可用作穿衣動(dòng)作,但用作狀態(tài)時(shí)要用其過去分詞作形容詞如:He was dressed in a blue suit.作動(dòng)作講時(shí),其后不要接衣物而要接反身代詞或表示人、物的名詞,如:I dress my children in the morning every day.,11.與名詞易混的動(dòng)詞有:advise(v.),advice (n.);accept(v.),except(prep.);pass(v.),past(prep.);bathe(v.),bath(n.);breathe(v.),breath(n.);choose(v.),choice(n.);succeed(v.),success(n.)。 12.動(dòng)詞 + 副詞 + 介詞:catch up with,look forward to,come up with,keep up with,go in for,look down on,get on with.,13.動(dòng)詞 + 介詞to的短語(yǔ)有:come to,stick to,object to,agree to,turn to,attend to,belong to,devote to,reply to. 14.與in相結(jié)合的動(dòng)詞有:give in,hand in,bring in,drop in,succeed in,take in,check in,engage in,fill in,trade in.,考點(diǎn)? 常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 1.bring構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ) bring about 引起,導(dǎo)致 bring back 使想起 bring down 降低 bring in 賺得;引入;請(qǐng)……做 bring_up 提出;養(yǎng)育;撫養(yǎng);嘔吐,2.break 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ) break away(from) 逃脫;脫離 break down (機(jī)器等) 壞掉;(身體) 垮掉;(計(jì)劃、和談等) 失敗 break in 破門而入;插嘴 break into 強(qiáng)行闖入;突然開始 break out (火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、疾病等) 突然開始;爆發(fā) break up 解散;粉碎;絕交,3.call 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ) call at 拜訪(某地) call on 拜訪(某人) call back 回電話 call up 打電話給;使回憶起 call for 去(接) ;需要,要求 call in 召來 call off 取消,4.cut 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ) cut down 砍倒;削減 cut in 打斷(談話) ,插嘴 cut off 中斷;斷絕 cut up 切碎,5.come 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ) come about 發(fā)生 come across 偶遇 come to 共計(jì),達(dá)到;蘇醒 come true 變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí) come up 走上前;被提出 come up with 提出 come into being 形成,6.get 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ) get about 四處走動(dòng);傳開 get across 傳達(dá) get away 逃脫,設(shè)法離開 get down 下來;記下 get off 出發(fā);下班,get together 聚會(huì) get through 接通;通過 get down to 開始認(rèn)真干 get over 克服 get along/on with 進(jìn)展;相處,7.go 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ) go away 離開 go back 返回(某地) go by 逝去 go on 繼續(xù)下去,上場(chǎng),開始運(yùn)行 go over 檢查,反復(fù)研究 go out 熄滅,go up (價(jià)格等) 上漲 go down (溫度等) 下降 go against 違背;對(duì)……不利 go ahead 開始,進(jìn)展,進(jìn)行 go after/for 追逐,追求 go without 勉強(qiáng)維持;湊合 go in for 愛好;參加;從事 go through 通過;經(jīng)歷 go by 過去,經(jīng)過,8.give 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ) give up 放棄 give in 屈服 give out 用盡;分發(fā) give away 泄露;贈(zèng)送;頒發(fā) give off 發(fā)出 give back 歸還;使恢復(fù),9.make 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ) make up for 補(bǔ)償,彌補(bǔ) make out 辨認(rèn)出 make fun of 取笑 make up one's mind 下定決心 make sense 有道理(意義) ,講得通 make good/full use of.充分利用…… make up 編造;組成;構(gòu)成;補(bǔ)齊,湊足,10.put 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ) put aside 把……放在一邊 put away 把……收好 put down 撲滅,平息 put forward 提出 put off 延期,推遲 put out 撲滅;生產(chǎn) put up 掛起,張貼;搭起;為某人提供食宿 put up with 忍受,容忍,11.turn 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ) turn down 拒絕;調(diào)低 turn in 上交 turn out 結(jié)果是,證明是 turn over 移交,交給 turn up 出現(xiàn);調(diào)高 turn off 關(guān)掉 turn on 打開 turn away 走開 turn to 求助于;翻到,- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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