人教版高中英語必修二 Unit 3《Computers》-Grammar[課件]

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The Present Perfect Passive Voice,1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(have/has + 過去分詞) 現(xiàn)在完成時的動作或情況雖然發(fā)生在過去，但它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，用來說明現(xiàn)在的情況?，F(xiàn)在完成時不能與表示確定的過去時間的狀語連用, 如: yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等, 現(xiàn)在完成時常與 already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not.yet, just等不表示明確,1. 兩種時態(tài),的時間副詞連用, 還可以和表示時間一直延續(xù)到目前的帶since, for 的狀語及包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的詞連用。如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。不能用在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)的動詞，如：be, have, like, love, know, believe, hate等。 一般過去時則是表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或情況, 與現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。,2) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 (have/has + been + 現(xiàn)在分詞）,1) 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài) (am/is/are+ 過去分詞） 如: The work is done during two days. 2) 一般過去時的被動語態(tài) (was/were+ 過去分詞）,2. 七種被動語態(tài)形式,,如: He was sent to the hospital immediately after the accident. 3) 一般將來時的被動語態(tài) (will/shall + be + 過去分詞或 + be going to + be + 過去分詞） 如: The work will be finished soon. 4) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài) (is/am/are + being+ 過去分詞） 如: The bridge is now being constructed.,5) 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài) (have/has +been + 過去分詞） 如: The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop. 6) 帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) (情態(tài)動詞 + be + 過去分詞) 如: This can be done in a few minutes.,7) 動詞不定式的被動式 (to be + 過去分詞) 如: It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.,現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)表示動作發(fā)生在過去, 到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在仍有影響, 其構(gòu)成是: have/has been + done。例如： 1. The dirty clothes have been washed. 臟衣服都已經(jīng)洗了。 2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times. 這項計劃已經(jīng)由專家研究過三次了。,現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài),3. The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years. 這些年來, 這個小孩一直由王奶奶照料。,現(xiàn)在完成時被動態(tài)： have / has + been + 動詞過去分詞 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時： have / has + been + 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞,它們的構(gòu)成的區(qū)別在最后的動詞上, 被動態(tài)接的是過去分詞形式, 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時接的是現(xiàn)在分詞形式。,1. 主語是行為動作的承受者。如： The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt. 張飛廟已經(jīng)過重建。,2. 說話時已經(jīng)完成的動作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。如: The door has been locked. 門已經(jīng)被鎖上了。 3. 動作或狀態(tài)始于過去, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 并可能持續(xù)下去。如： He has been told about it for many times. 有人告訴他這事很多次了。 （可能還會有人告訴他）,（我或別人現(xiàn)在進(jìn)不去）,4. 用在時間和條件狀語從句中, 表示將來 某時已完成的動作。如： We’ll start as soon as the work has been finished. 工作一完成我們就立即動身。,注意:,1. 副詞的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副詞置于have/has和been中間。如: [誤] Such a man has been hardly believed. [正] Such a man has hardly been believed.,2. 并不是所有動詞都有被動語態(tài) 1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物動詞或詞組無被動語態(tài)。如： [誤] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. [正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.,2) open, break, drop等不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)出者時常用主動語態(tài)。如： [誤] The door has been opened of itself. [正] The door has opened of itself.,3. 短語動詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞或副詞。如： The SARS patients have been taken good care of.,4. 一些特殊動詞, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思， 則需改換動詞或時態(tài)。如：,My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought? How long ago was this book bought?,(1) 不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 如: Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。 (不知道電腦是誰偷的) This book was published in 1981. 這本書出版于1981年。,被動語態(tài)的用法:,(2) 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者, 而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。 如: The window was broken by Mike. 窗戶是邁克打破的。 This book was written by him. 這本書是他寫的。,(1) 把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。 (2) 把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)(be＋過去分詞) (根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式)。,主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法,(3) 把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語, 將主格改為賓格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌訣是:賓變主, 主變賓, by短語后面跟。 謂語動詞變被動, be后“過分”來使用。,4) 雙賓語動詞變被動語態(tài)可將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z， 另一個保留不動。 主動：I have given him the key. 被動：He has been given the key. 被動：The key has been given (to) him.,5) 帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞變被動語態(tài)時, 只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z, 原來的賓補(bǔ)保留不動， 改稱主語補(bǔ)足語。 主動：I have asked her to help you. 被動：She has been asked to help you.,Exercises,1. Both my brother work at the power station that ___ in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up,2. ---_____ the sports meet will be put off. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told,3. All the preparation for the task ____, and we’re ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been done,4. ---- How long ____ at this job? ---- Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed,5. When and where to go for the on- salary holiday ____ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided,6. Betty___ injured since last Saturday. A. has been B. was C. is D. has,7. That book _________into at least 20 foreign languages. A. has said to be translated B. has been said to have translated C. is said that it had been translated D. is said to have been translated,注:該句的句型是:It is said that…/people (they) said that…/that book is said to …根據(jù)句意是已經(jīng)被譯成了20 多種文字所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。,8. –Hi, Tom, you look tired.  -- Of course. I ___ the living room all day. A. had painted B. painted  C. have been painted D. have been painting,9. --Did you move into the new house? -- No. The rooms ___ yet. A. were being painted B. are painting C. have not painted D. have not been painted,10. Great changes___ in my hometown and a lot of factories ___. A. have been taken place; are being set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; had been set up D. took place; will set up,11. It’s said that this book___ into Chinese. A. had translated B. has translated C. was translated D. has been translated,12. You can’t move in .The house _____. A. is painting B. is being painted C. has painted D. has been painted,13. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage___ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005重慶) A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been cause,14. Have you ever___ to the exhibition which ___for three weeks? A. gone; has been shown B. visited; shown C. been; has been on show D. went; lasted,15. ---How long ago ___ these eggs___? --- Perhaps 15 days. A. will; hatch B. did; hatch C. were; hatched D. have; been hatched,改錯,1. A personal computer has bought by us. A personal computer has been bought by us. 2. Many problems has been found with our new computer. Many problems have been found with our new computer.,,,,3. A PC has been builded the way we wanted. A PC has been built the way we wanted. 4. Our computer just has been joined to the internet. Our computer has just been joined to the internet.,,,5. The computer was used every day since we bought it. The computer has been used every day since we bought it. 6. A lot of e-mails had written on the computer in the past 5 years. A lot of e-mails have been written on the computer in the past 5 years.,,,用被動語態(tài)改寫下列句子。 They have finished the construction of the new railway lines by now. 2. We have built a new library and a gymnasium in our school this year.,The construction of the new railway lines has been finished by them by now. 2. A new library and a gymnasium have been built in our school this year by us.,3. The car factory has produced a great many fine cars since the technological revolution.,A great many fine cars have been produced by the car factory since the technological revolution.,4. They have made a plan to help the poor children in the poor area. 5. The government has spent a lot of money on the Hope Project.,A plan has been made by them to help the poor children in the poor area. A lot of money has been spent on the Hope Project by the government.,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,