高考英語 完形填空專題 解題技巧復(fù)習(xí)課件.ppt

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高三英語專項復(fù)習(xí)之 完形填空解題技巧,英語完形填空的主要特點,1. 通常從一篇250詞左右，夾敘夾議的文章中設(shè)空20個，首句不挖空； 2. 考點層次可分為四類：單詞層次，詞組層次，句子層次與語篇層次，突出語篇的理解，突出文化背景; 3. 干擾項設(shè)計嚴(yán)密，一般說來，四個選項的詞性相同或?qū)儆谕然驅(qū)Φ确懂?，干擾項填入后在語法上并不存在錯誤，對考生有很大的迷惑作用。,英語完形填空的命題趨勢,1、突出語篇。 2、試題型穩(wěn)定，選項獨具匠心。 3、辨析詞義，以實詞為主。 4、記敘文為主，且第一局不設(shè)空。 5、生詞量有增無減。 6、長句增加，句式靈活，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。,英語完形填空的命題趨勢,1、突出語篇。 (2005NMET)My sister and I grew up in a little village in England.Our father was a struggling 36 , but I always knew he was 37 .… he never criticized us ,but used 38 (praise)to bring out our best …father said: “when I was 23, my dad persuaded me to go into law”. 36.A.biologist B.manager C.lawyer D.gardener 37.A.strict B.honest C.special D.learned,英語完形填空的命題趨勢,2、試題型穩(wěn)定，選項獨具匠心。 (NMET2004)(She said she had a story to tell me-a postal letter carrier) About six months 3 it seemed that I had 4 a letter to her which had her street 5 on it but was addressed to another house with the 6 number on a different street in the neighborhood. 3. A.after B.earlier C.later D.ago 4. A.sent B.written C.delivered D. given 5. A mark B.sign C.board D.number 6. A.correct B.wrong C.same D.different,英語完形填空的命題趨勢,6、長句增加，句式靈活，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。 (NMET(1)2005)(when I was wait my food in a familiar restaurant) The man had a news paper 38 in front of him ,which he was 39 to read , but I could 40 that he was keeping an eye on me .When the waiter brought my 41 the man was clearly puzzled by the 42 way in which the waiter and I 43 each other . 38.A.flat B. open C.cut D.fixed 39. A.hoping B. thinking C.pretending D.continuing 40. A. See B. find C.guess D.learn 41. A.menu B.bill C.paper D. food 42. A. direct B.familiar C. strange D.funny 43. A.Chatted with B. looked at C.laughed at D.talk about,英語完形填空的失分原因分析,1、沒有嚴(yán)格遵循答題步驟： 多數(shù)同學(xué)考試時擔(dān)心時間緊,在沒有弄清短文的中心和文章的情節(jié)線索的情況下匆忙答題.事實上我們用在這一題上的時間可以達(dá)到15-18分鐘。 切記：一定要用2-3分鐘時間進(jìn)行缺詞閱讀,弄清文章大意和基本脈絡(luò)后再著手逐個填空。 2、不注意積累答題技巧: a. 忽略文章中上下文之間的照應(yīng)關(guān)系; b. 遇到長句不注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),在語義模糊時抱碰運氣的心理隨意作出選擇。,英語完形填空的解題步驟,1、瀏覽全文,掌握文章的中心及脈絡(luò). a. 應(yīng)用閱讀技能,進(jìn)行缺詞閱讀. b. 注意首段和末端以及每個段落的首句. 2、分段落實,逐個填空. a. 先填上固定搭配與習(xí)慣表達(dá),基本句型等較容易的空格. b. 對語境和語義還不太明朗的空格要反復(fù)推敲,力爭突破難點. 3. 通讀全文,檢查核對.,英語完形填空的考查內(nèi)容,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,復(fù) 現(xiàn),同 現(xiàn),替 代,省 略,順序關(guān)系,并列關(guān)系,分指關(guān)系,轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,解釋關(guān)系,因果關(guān)系,語篇結(jié)構(gòu)（語境理解）,語法項目,英語完形填空的考查內(nèi)容,一、詞匯手段 1、復(fù)現(xiàn)、同現(xiàn) 1. (08天津卷) The next day Jenna went to see Mrs. Biden about being on the school 25 . Mrs. Biden wasn’t as 26 (enthusiastic ) as Jenna. “I’m sorry, but we have enough 27 (writer) for the newspaper already. A. committee B. newspaper C. radio D. team 原詞重現(xiàn) 2. (08山東卷) Garth’s e-mail was short, but I learned more from that 52 message than I ever did from a textbook. A. accurate B.urgent C. brief D. humorous 同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn),英語完形填空的考查內(nèi)容,2、詞語的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配 1. (08安徽) There are many different ways of seeing a town for the first time. One of them is to walk around it, guide-book _36_ hand. A. in B. at C. by D. on 2. (08安徽) When we 41(look at ) it as a whole, we begin to have some 42 ,which even the best guide-books do not answer. A. ideas B. opinions C. feelings D.questions,英語完形填空的考查內(nèi)容,3、根據(jù)詞匯的意義及用法辨析詞義 1. (08湖南) Cassie looked at me, and her glare____. I laughed, She smiled… A. returned B. remained C. increased D. softened 2. (08四川) I knew she had strict sleeping habits, but I thought she ought to be able to ______some of this strictness. A. put up B. take up C. pick up D. give up,英語完形填空的考查內(nèi)容,4、根據(jù)生活常識及文化背景知識進(jìn)行選擇 1. (08湖南卷) I made my sandwich that afternoon while waiting for Cassie. 39 the butter-cream gave me an idea. A. Spreading B. Boiling C. Baking D. Holding 2. Every morning she would give him breakfast 29 bed and bring him the papers to 30 . 29. A. to B. at C. in D. by 30. A. check B. read C. keep D. sign,英語完形填空的考查內(nèi)容,二、語法手段 1、省略 2、替代 3、語法項目 1. The strange Dr had been loved by someone:he had given his life,as Charley ____, for a cause he believed right. A. / B.had been C. had D.had done 省略,英語完形填空的考查內(nèi)容,三、邏輯手段 1、順序關(guān)系 2、并列關(guān)系 3、分指關(guān)系 4、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 5、解釋關(guān)系 6、因果關(guān)系 10. (08天津) Jenna, a popular girl from Westwood Middle School, had graduated first in her class and was ready for new challenges in high school. , high school was different. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Besides 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 11. (08湖北) Neilson considers herself lucky___she suffered injuries. A.and B.but C.though D.when 讓步關(guān)系,英語完形填空的考查內(nèi)容,四、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)（語境理解） 12. (08湖南) I raced down the steps. The side walk was dotted with egg shells(蛋殼) from those 51 drops. A. intended B. unexpected C. failed D. desired 13. (08四川) Clearly I had made . I had started the evening wanting to have a happy time with my daughter but had allowed my desire to win to become more important than my relationship with my daughter… So I had to change. A. a mistake B. a decision C. an attempt D. an effort,英語完形填空的解題技巧,1、照應(yīng)：瞻前顧后聯(lián)系全文。 2、積累：掌握固定搭配的用法與同義詞的辨析。 3、分清邏輯關(guān)系：注意文中分類、對比、從屬、并列等關(guān)系所用的詞語。 4、化簡句子：突破長句的理解。 5、充分利用你的常識。,英語完形填空的解題技巧,1、照應(yīng)：充分利用文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，上下文和前后句，找到對選擇有提示作用的詞或句。有時可能是同義詞，有時可能是反意詞。 1. Travelling west, you set your clock 7 ; travelling east, you set it ahead… Travelling 15 today becomes yesterday; travelling west it is tomorrow. 7. A. behind B. forward C. back D. ahead 15. A. south B. east C. north D. west 2. So the slave was pardoned and 50 . A. killed B. rich C. happy D. freed 3. Many old people don't have good 13 . They can't watch TV, but they can listen to music or news over the radio. A. hearing B. health C. eyesight D. time,英語完形填空的解題技巧,2、積累： 固定搭配包括介詞與動詞的搭配、動詞與賓語的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等。要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語。 1. They spend millions of dollars yearly 2 newspapers and magazines… A. in B. to C. on D.for 2. Tom told what he saw to the man and it wasn’t long ____ the police caught the thief. A. that B.before C. until D. then 3. Some people in India do not eat meat or fish 6 . A. after all B. in the end C. at all D. no longer,英語完形填空的解題技巧,2、積累（注意詞語的辨析） 1. Soon I heard a ____ like that of a door burst in, and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. from 2. To my horror, I saw, ____ my father's shoulder, a gorilla, …… A. on B. above C. over D. form 3. “Give me a hand,“ he shouted ____ he got near the boat. A. while B. till C. for D. as,英語完形填空的解題技巧,3、根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系確定選項 1. … and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange 8 quite pleasant taste. A. besides B. but C. and D. or 2. A transistor radio is sometimes very small. It is very easy to carry… 11 , radio broadcasts are better for blind people. A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes,英語完形填空的解題技巧,4、簡化句子，突破長句 1. (MNET2005江西卷) He is a great chatter 48 (as well). If he did not know them, he would greet them with a few 49 about the weather , 50 he did know them , he would ask about their families or make 51 , always cutting his cloth 52 his customers. 49. A.Saying B.questions C.words D.speeches 50. A.and then B.and so C.even if D.but if 51. A.Preparations B.jokes C.repairs D.friends 52. A.according to B.due to C.instead of D.up to,英語完形填空的解題技巧,5、充分利用生活常識以及相關(guān)知識 1. …, because the earth 2 twenty-four time zones, one hour apart. A. gives B. is C. is divided into D. shows 2. There .1350 feet above the street, a __ figure was walking on air. A. great B. strange C. public D. tinny 3. The ring had fallen of and been damaged in the great ___ of the fire. A.pile B.heat C. power D.pressure,,,,（08江西） The three youths leaned over the metal rails along the sea-wall and watched a few fishermen pull in their nets. About thirty metres away, a boat pulled alongside the slippery steps leading 36 to the sea. “Hey, look!” exclaimed Rahim. “Those two men are 37 heavy rocks. I thought we no longer do muscle labour in this technological 38 . ”“you don’t 39 a crane (起重機)to unload less than a dozen rocks, do you?”smiled Joshua. “But those men don’t 40 to have muscles at all,”said Michael,rather surprised .Joshua smiled. “They are 41 laborers who know how to spread the weight of the rocks they 42 . See how the man positions the rock just at the slope of his 43 .,36. A. through B. across C. down D. up 37.A.loading B.unloading C.covering D.uncovering 38. A. way B. revolution C. process D. era 39. A. ask B. expect C. attempt D. hope 40. A. happen B. fail C. have D. seem 41. A.ambitious B. experienced C. potential D.energetic 42. A. take B. fetch C. carry D. bring 43. A. shoulder B. back C. chest D. arms,,,,,,,,,,,,原詞重現(xiàn),,語境理解,,,詞義,,用法,,排除法,,,,,語境-詞義,,詞義辨析,常識,,,Some of the rock’s weight is set 44 his head, some on the right hand and some on the left hand. His body isn’t bent. His legs are well 45 . ” “You’re right, Josh. He may have a small build, 46 he certainly well knows his job. Dear me! And to think we have been studying 47 ! ” Rahim thought about all that was happening. Suddenly, he said, “Technology won’t 48 the human being completely, it appears.” “I don’t think it will. ” 49 Joshua. “You can harvest a crop of potatoes or wheat with one of those large, multi-purpose tractors, but you 50 use that equipment to harvest lea leaves and tomatoes, will you?”,44.A. on B. against C.toward D. under 45.A.supported B.grasped C. placed D.strengthened 46.A. but B. however C. so D. therefore 47.A.chemistry B. physics C. biology D. psychology 48.A. control B.affect C.remove D. replace 49.A. agreed B. proposed C. refused D. denied 50.A. can’t B. mustn’t C. won’t D. needn’t,,,,,,,,,常識 詞義,詞義辨析,,,轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,,語境理解,,詞義語境,語境,,原詞重現(xiàn),,“You can get a computer to 51 multiple-choice assessments, but you cannot get the computer to produce of assess essays, can you?” asked Michael. “Well, the washing machine leaves my shirt collar quite as 52 as ever --- that’s domestic technology for you! ” said Rahim. “One day, perhaps, there won’t be anybody 53 who can carry a large rock the way those men do. It’s not going to be a very 54 world, I’m afraid.” Sighed Michael. “You’re too much of a pessimist (悲觀主義者)，Mike.” Said Joshua. “ 55 will always be other things that will make the world exciting. ”,51. A. point out B. take out C. hand out D. print out 52. A. dirty B. clean C.old D. new 53. A. caught B. arranged C. left D. convinced 54.A. exciting B. mysterious C. technological D. modern 55.A. That B. This C. They D.There,,,,,,常識,,常識-語境,,詞義-句型,原詞重現(xiàn),,,,固定句型,英語完形填空的解題方法,總的原則： “先完意，后完形”。 八字方針： 上下求索，瞻前顧后。 三步曲： 讀——填——讀,(08江蘇)Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist(打擊樂器獨奏演員) in spite of her disability. “Early on I decided not to allow the 36 of others to stop me from becoming a musician. I grew up on a farm in northeast Scotland and began 37 piano lessons when I was eight. The older I got, the more my passion(酷愛) for music grew. But I also began to gradually lose my 38 . Doctors concluded that the nerve damage was the 39 and by age twelve, I was completely deaf. But my love for music never 40 me.” “My 41 was to become a percussion soloist, even though there were none at that time. To perform, I 42 to ‘hear’ music differently from others.,36. A. conditions B.opinions C.actions D. recommendations 37.A.enjoying B. choosing C. taking D. giving 38. A.sight B.hearing C. touch D. taste 39.A.evidence B.result C.excuse D.cause 40. A. left B. excited C. accompanied D. disappointed 41.A.purposeB.decision C. promise D.goal 42. A.turned B. learned C. used D. ought,I play in my stocking feet and can 43 the pitch of a note(音調(diào)高低) by the vibrations(振動) I feel through my body and through my 44 . My entire sound world exists by making use of almost every 45 that I have.” “I was 46 to be assessed as a musician, not as a deaf musician, and I applied to the famous Royal Academy of Music in London. No other deaf student had 47 this before and some teachers 48 my admission. Based on my performance,,43. A. tell B. see C. Hear D. smell 44.A.carefulness B. movement C. imagination D. experience 45.A.sense B. effort C. feeling D. idea 46.A. dissatisfied B. astonished C. determined D. discouraged 47.A.done B. accepted C. advised D. admitted 48. A. supported B. followed C. required D. opposed,I was 49 admitted and went on to 50 with the academy’s highest honours.” “After that, I established myself as the first full-time solo percussionist. I 51 and arranged a lot of musical compositions since 52 had been written specially for solo percussionists.” “I have been a soloist for over ten years. 53 the doctor thought I was totally deaf, it didn’t 54 that my passion couldn’t be realized. I would encourage people not to allow themselves to be 55 by others. Follow your passion; follow your heart. They will lead you to the place you want to go.”,49. A. usually B. finally C. possibly D. hopefully 50. A.study B. research C.graduate D.progress 51. A. wrote B. translated C. copied D. read 52. A. enough B. some C. many D. few 53. A. However B. Although C. When D. Since 54. A. mean B. seem C. conclude D. say 55. A. directed B. guided C. taught D. limited,答案,36. B 37. C 38. B 39. D 40. A 41. D 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. A 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. A 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. D,