高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 語法強(qiáng)攻 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語課件.ppt

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動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞短語,一、及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞 常見的跟單賓語的及物動(dòng)詞主要有：accept, admire, admit, affect, afford, discover, educate, enjoy, explain, forget, guess, invent, love, post, raise等。,知識(shí)梳理,常見的跟雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞主要有： 1. 直、間接賓語易位需加to的動(dòng)詞：bring, give, hand, pass, post, promise, read, return, show, teach, tell, lend等。 2. 直、間接賓語易位需加for的動(dòng)詞：buy, choose, cook, draw, find, fetch, make, order, paint, purchase, save, spare等。,3. 既可加to，也可加for的動(dòng)詞：do, get, play, sing等。 常見的不及物動(dòng)詞主要有：ache, agree, apologize, appear, arrive, come, go, cry, dance, die, disappear, dream, exist, fall, flow, graduate, sit, stand, stay, wait, rise, lie, happen等。,二、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與終止性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用于完成時(shí)，與以下幾種時(shí)間狀語連用：for +一段時(shí)間，since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)，since +一段時(shí)間+ ago，since +從句（一般過去時(shí)）等。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：have, possess, keep, know, learn, live, read, sleep, wait, work, look, hear, smell等。,終止性動(dòng)詞不可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，其否定形式多與until / till連用，構(gòu)成“not +終止性動(dòng)詞+ until / till .”的句型，意為“直到……才……”。如： I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.,三、常見的短語動(dòng)詞有以下五種： 1. 動(dòng)詞+介詞 “動(dòng)詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，后面跟賓語。在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，整個(gè)短語不可分開。這類短語動(dòng)詞常用的有：agree with, burst into, call on, consist of, deal with, depend / rely on, die of / from, dream of, feel like, get into, hear from, insist on, look / stare / glare at, prepare for, result in, set about等。,2. 動(dòng)詞+副詞 1）及物動(dòng)詞+副詞。這類短語動(dòng)詞常用的有：cut off, take down, put out, take over, turn down, turn over, throw away, figure out等。 2）不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞。后面不跟賓語，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這類短語動(dòng)詞常用的有：die away, give in, go ahead, hold on, run away, stand out等。,3. 動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞。這類短語動(dòng)詞常用的有：catch sight of, compare notes with, declare war on / upon, get rid of, have a word with, make fun of, make use of, make preparations for, pay attention to, take care of, take hold of, take advantage of, take charge of等。,4. 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞。這類短語動(dòng)詞常用的有：catch up with, come up with, date back to, put up with, go in for, run out of等。 5. be +形容詞+介詞。這類短語動(dòng)詞常用的有：be accustomed / used to, be afraid of, be devoted to, be fond of, be familiar with, be famous for, be fit / suitable for等。,動(dòng)詞及其詞組的靈活運(yùn)用是英語的特色，也是難點(diǎn)，每年均為重點(diǎn)。歷年高考試題中動(dòng)詞所占的比例最大，設(shè)題時(shí)都是給出不同的動(dòng)詞或短語來測(cè)試考生在具體語境中對(duì)動(dòng)詞(短語)意義的理解和運(yùn)用。考點(diǎn)主要包括： 1. 動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。包括常見動(dòng)詞用法辨析、近義詞辨析、詞形相近詞辨析和用法相近詞辨析。,考點(diǎn)歸納,The watch was very good, and he _____ 20 percent down for it. A. paid B. cost C. bought D. spent 2. Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to _____ the soul of Qu Yuan. A. remember B. remind C. recover D. recall,A,D,2. 動(dòng)詞短語辨析。主要包括同根動(dòng)詞短語的辨析、同根介詞或副詞的動(dòng)詞短語的辨析、 不同動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語的辨析以及“動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞”短語的辨析。在動(dòng)詞詞組的測(cè)試中，絕大多數(shù)為基礎(chǔ)動(dòng)詞，出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞有：get, turn, make, put, go, give, break, cut, come, look, keep, bring, show, pick, hold, fall, carry, pull, catch, call, take等。,除了考查其基本含義辨析外，更注重動(dòng)詞(短語)的新義和引申義，如： polish拋光， 磨光(本意)→修正，文飾(引申); sniff嗅，聞(本意)→鄙視地說(引申); break down發(fā)生故障，失靈，失效(本意)→坍塌，崩潰，瓦解，中斷，中止(引申)； look into向里面看(本意)→調(diào)查， 研究(引申)，同時(shí)還有“瀏覽”之意； work out基本意思為“解決， 算出， 制訂出”，還有“鍛煉”的意思。,Ralph W. Emerson would always _____ new ideas that occurred to him. A. set off B. set about C. set up D. set down,D,3. 考查無關(guān)聯(lián)的動(dòng)詞辨析 做這類試題時(shí)，考生應(yīng)充分理解題干，然后結(jié)合各選項(xiàng)的詞義，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合題意。 It is widely acknowledged that students should be _____ in terms of overall quality. A. supported B. matched C. evaluated D. controlled,C,4. 考查動(dòng)詞搭配 這類試題主要考查常見動(dòng)詞的固定搭配。 My parents always _____ great importance to my getting a good education. A. have B. attach C. accept D. pay,B,從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填 入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 1. Top graduates from universities are _____ by major companies. A. chased B. registered C. offered D. compensated,A,2. —Dad, I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job. —I see. I’ll go right away and _____. A. pay him back B. pay him off C. put him away D. put him off 3. The two countries are going to meet to _____ some barriers to trade between them. A. make up B. use up C. turn down D. break down,B,D,4. As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can _____ concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself. A. catch sight of B. get hold of C. take charge of D. make mention of,B,5. Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to _____ the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later. A. share B. realize C. ignore D. cause,C,6. No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can _____ when the unexpected will happen. A. prove B. imply C. demand D. predict 7. How could you _____ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months? A. turn off B. turn in C. turn down D. turn to,D,C,8. Terry, please _____ your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you. A. look up from B. look into C. look back on D. look through 9. Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today. It has really _____ the test of time. A. failed B. stood C. taken D. conducted,A,B,10. Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but _____ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow. A. slipped B. skied C. signalled D. sank,A,熱點(diǎn)考向 1 動(dòng)詞詞義辨析 1. 主要考點(diǎn): 考查常見動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。強(qiáng)調(diào)語言的情境化, 把動(dòng)詞放在語境中進(jìn)行考查。 2. 突破技巧: 這類試題的選項(xiàng)往往結(jié)構(gòu)相同, 詞形或意義相近。要做好這類試題, 必須從各個(gè)動(dòng)詞的語意差別、用法特點(diǎn)等方面入手, 然后結(jié)合題意選用合適的動(dòng)詞。,熱點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè),熱點(diǎn)考向 2 高頻動(dòng)詞短語意義辨析 主要考點(diǎn): 考查主要集中于高頻的動(dòng)詞短語, 如break, bring, call, come, get, go, make, take, turn, put, pick, hold, keep, look, carry, set, cut, show, pull等構(gòu)成的短語。需要特別關(guān)注:,1. break break away from 放棄, 打破; 脫離關(guān)系 break down 發(fā)生故障; (計(jì)劃等)失敗; (精神、身體)垮掉; 分解 break in 闖入, 插嘴 break into 闖入 break out (戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、瘟疫等)爆發(fā), 突然發(fā)生 break up 打碎, 分手, 分開, 關(guān)系破裂,2. bring bring about 導(dǎo)致, 造成, 引起 bring down 使倒下, 使降低 bring in 引進(jìn); 帶來; 賺得; 收獲 bring forward 提出; 提前 bring out 出版; 生產(chǎn); 使顯現(xiàn) bring up 撫養(yǎng), 教育; 提出; 嘔吐,3. call call for 要求; 需要; 去取或去接 call back 回電話; 回憶起 call in 召集; 請(qǐng); 召來; 順便來訪 call up 打電話給; 召集; 使想起 call off 取消 call on 號(hào)召, 拜訪,4. come come about 發(fā)生 come to 蘇醒; 總計(jì) come across 偶遇; 無意中發(fā)現(xiàn) come true 實(shí)現(xiàn), 成為現(xiàn)實(shí)(不及物) come out 出版; 結(jié)果是 come up (建議、計(jì)劃等)被提出 come up with 提出(建議、計(jì)劃等) come on (催促)快點(diǎn); (鼓勵(lì))加油; (不耐煩)得了, 算了吧!,5. get get across 解釋清楚; 使……被理解 get away from 避免; 擺脫, 逃離 get away with 僥幸成功; 僥幸做成 get around 四處走動(dòng); 傳播開來 get down to 開始認(rèn)真做某事 get along/on with 進(jìn)展; 與……相處 get over 克服; 恢復(fù) get rid of 擺脫; 除去 get through 通過; 完成; 接通電話,6. give give away 贈(zèng)送; 泄露; 分發(fā) give back 歸還 give in 屈服; 讓步; 投降; 認(rèn)輸 give out 分發(fā); 發(fā)出; 公布; 用盡 give up 放棄,7. go go against 違背; 不利于; 反對(duì) go ahead 開始(做某事); (表同意) go around 參觀; (消息)傳播 go by 過去; 經(jīng)過 go down 下降; 下沉 go on 繼續(xù); 發(fā)生; 進(jìn)行 go over 復(fù)習(xí), 仔細(xì)檢查 go through 穿過; 經(jīng)歷; 仔細(xì)檢查 go with 與……相配 go without 沒有……也行,8. hold hold back 猶豫; 隱瞞; 阻止 hold on=hang on 別掛斷; 等一會(huì)兒; 堅(jiān)持 hold out 堅(jiān)持; 伸出 hold up 舉起; 阻擋, 使耽擱 hold on to 緊緊抓住; 保留; 不放棄,9. keep keep away from 遠(yuǎn)離; 避開 keep back 留下; 隱瞞; 克制(感情) keep on 繼續(xù); 堅(jiān)持下去 keep out of 置身于……外; 避開 keep up 保持; 繼續(xù); 不低落 keep up with 跟上; keep an eye out for 密切注意; 留心; 警惕 keep an eye on 照看; 密切注視,10. leave leave alone 不打擾; 不理, 不管 leave behind 留下; 丟下, 丟棄 leave out 遺漏, 忽略,11. look look around 環(huán)顧四周 look away from 把目光從……移開 look into 調(diào)查; 窺視 look back on/upon 回憶，回顧 look up 查找, 查詢; 向上看 look up to 尊敬; 敬仰 look down upon 歧視, 看不起 look forward to 盼望; 期待 look through 瀏覽; 快速查看 look out (for) 當(dāng)心, 留意, 小心 look on 旁觀,12. make make use of 利用 make up 組成; 編造; 化妝; 和解 make up for 補(bǔ)償; 彌補(bǔ) make for 走向; 有助于; 促成, 導(dǎo)致 make sense 有意義; 有道理; 講得通 make sense of 理解; 弄明白 make out 理解; 分辨出, 辨認(rèn)出 make it 成功,13. put put aside 撇開; 暫不考慮; 儲(chǔ)蓄 put away 收拾, 整理; 儲(chǔ)存 put back 把……放回原處; 推遲 put forward 提出; 撥快 put down 記下, 寫下, 鎮(zhèn)壓 put out 伸出; 撲滅; 生產(chǎn); 出版 put up 建造, 張貼; 提供住宿 put up with 忍受; 容忍 put on 穿上, 增加, 上演,14. set set aside 劃出; 留出; 撥出 set about doing sth. 著手做某事 set out 出發(fā), 動(dòng)身 set out to do sth. 著手做某事 set off 動(dòng)身; 引起; 使爆炸 set up 建立, 創(chuàng)立,15. turn turn away 走開; 轉(zhuǎn)過臉去 turn down 拒絕; 關(guān)小, 調(diào)低 turn up 開大; 出現(xiàn), 到場(chǎng) turn out 結(jié)果是, 證明是; 生產(chǎn) turn over 翻轉(zhuǎn); 翻閱, 仔細(xì)考慮 turn against 反對(duì); 背叛 turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向; 求助于,16. take take after 長(zhǎng)得像某人 take apart 拆開; 拆卸 take back 收回, 撤銷 take down 記下; 拆卸; 取下 take away 帶走, 拿走, 剝奪 take up 從事; 占據(jù)(時(shí)間、空間); 著手處理; 接著做,take in 吸收; 接受; 理解, 欺騙 take off 起飛; 脫下; 成功, take on 呈現(xiàn); 具有; 承擔(dān); 雇用 take over 接管, 接收 take advantage of 利用 take it easy 放松, 別緊張 take your time 慢慢來, 別著急 take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 take action 采取行動(dòng),熱點(diǎn)考向 3 常見的系動(dòng)詞的用法 1. 表示變化類的系動(dòng)詞，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, make等。 2. 表示感覺類的系動(dòng)詞，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。 3. 表示狀態(tài)類的系動(dòng)詞，如keep, remain, stand, stay, lie等。 4. 表示“像”類系動(dòng)詞，主要有seem, appear, look, 表示“看起來，似乎，顯得”。,5. 此類系動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)：①只適用于主動(dòng)語態(tài)；②只用于一般時(shí)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))。,熱點(diǎn)考向 4 動(dòng)詞的一詞多義用法 很多動(dòng)詞在不同的語境中有不同的意義，因此要進(jìn)行專門復(fù)習(xí)，常見的有： 1. act (v. & n. 行動(dòng)) e.g. It will take several hours before the drug really acts. ( vi. 起作用) 2. address (n. 地址；vt. 寫地址) e.g. President Obama was scheduled to address the American people on the evening of May 7. (vt. 向……做演說),3. appreciate (vt. 欣賞，感激，感謝) e.g. They soon appreciated that it must be a well-designed trap. (v. 意識(shí)到) 4. attend (vt. 參加，出席) e.g. With several patients to attend that night, the nurse felt very tired. (vt. 照料，照顧) With three kids attending high school in the town, the couple had to work day and night to earn more money. (vt. 上學(xué)),5. count (n. & v. 計(jì)數(shù)，數(shù)) e.g. It is not what you are thinking but what you are doing that counts. (v. 重要，有價(jià)值) 6. escape (vi. 逃跑，逃脫) e.g. I saw a familiar face in the crowd. However, his name escaped me for the moment. (vt. 被忘掉) The harmful gases are escaping from the pipe. (vi. 泄漏，漏出),7. fail (vi. 失敗) e.g. Fresh vegetables used to fail in winter. (vi. 不足，缺乏) With time passing by, his memory is failing. (vi. 衰退) Try as the family might, they failed to find the lost child in the town. (vi. 未能) 8. introduce (vt. 介紹) e.g. When tomatoes were first introduced into Europe, they didn’t accept them at all. (vt. 引入),9. make (vt. 制造) e.g. New laws have been made to protect the interests of the farmers. (vt. 制定) He is making his own trouble by doing this. (vt. 引起，導(dǎo)致，造成) She will make a great teacher. (vt. 成為，使形成),10. observe (vt. 觀察) e.g. Having lived abroad for many years, he still observed the old traditions and customs. (vt. 遵守) Every year, we will observe the traditional Spring Festival in different ways. (vt. 慶祝) 11. work (v. & n. 工作) e.g. The medicine will soon work. (vi. 起作用) The machine works very well. (vi. 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)),選用括號(hào)內(nèi)合適的動(dòng)詞填空。 1. Joan wanted to tell Tom that she couldn’t accept such an expensive gift, but she didn’t know how to _____ (make / put) it. 2. The beautiful clouds maybe ________ (promise / record) a fine day tomorrow.,鞏固練習(xí),put,promise,3. There are less than 600 words in your composition, which is far from our requirement. So please _______ (express / expand) it. 4. It is said that a plan is being made that will _______ (cost / charge) users for downloading music from the Internet, but the price will be very low. 5. Don’t worry, just _____ (leave / pass) the parcel to me. I’ll make sure it gets posted.,expand,charge,leave,選用合適的短語動(dòng)詞并用其正確形式填空。,1. Mary, as well as Jim, will be very busy at that time. We’d better __________ another time for the activity. 2. The boss asked every employee to _________ a plan for the further development of their company.,agree on,draw up,3. The latest model of the washing machine is very popular with women because it is lighter and _________ less space as well. 4. I sorted out my mail, then ____________ to some serious work. 5. At the conference, the reporter __________ a serious matter which was worth thinking about.,takes up,settled down,brought up,