2019-2020年高考英語 閱讀微技能訓練 推理判斷.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語 閱讀微技能訓練 推理判斷 ◆技巧點撥： 推理判斷題包括判斷和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。 推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎上，做出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。其所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫(paraphrase)或綜合。 ◆?？紗栴}： 推理題經(jīng)常使用的提問方式有： It can be inferred/ concluded that___________. Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage? In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed? The passage implies, but doesnt directly state that___________. The writer suggests that___________. Whats the authors attitude toward___________? The writer probably feels that___________. The author uses the examples of... to show that___________. ◆ 技巧操練： 一、細節(jié)推斷題 要求考生根據(jù)語篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細節(jié)，如時間、地點、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識進行推理判定。 A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native, “Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, "He said he lives on the western side of the island." Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure? 1. According to the messengers answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________ A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth. B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie. C. its hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not. D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true. 2. The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong? A. He may live on the eastern side of the island.  B. He may live on the western side of the island. C. He may be telling the truth. D. He cant be telling the truth. 二、因果推斷題 要求考生根據(jù)已知結(jié)果推測導致結(jié)果的可能原因?？忌_把握文章的內(nèi)涵，理解文章的真正含義。 When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to e near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single?" “Why, yes." I answered, smiling at her happily. “So is my mother." she said, “Would you like to meet her?" 3. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought___________. A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him 4. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much Practice 1： The entertainment profession or “show business" attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to bee famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as petitive as any other business .Without a good manager ,a performer can never hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old-fashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must change his “act" in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and edians, but perhaps most of all singers. “Pop" stands for “popular" and a pop singer has to work very hard to bee popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to bee famous and to steal some of the popularity. The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans”. The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a “souvenir". They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singers hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And — most important — he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public. 5. Why must a pop singer have a good manager?___________. A. To protect him from his fans B. To look after his business interests C. To help him to change his “act" D .So that he can relax 6. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has bee famous?___________ A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the public  B. Because he wants to sell more records  C. Because he wants to bee popular  D. Because he wants to stay popular Practice 2： Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn. The next morning, he went to thank the innkeeper. “You, have served me well, innkeeper, “said Napoleon. “I wish to reward you. Tell me what you want." “Sir, we want nothing, “said the innkeeper. “But will you tell us something?" “What is it?" Napoleon asked.  “We have heard a story." said the innkeeper, “that once during the war, a small village was taken by the Russians. You happened to be in the village. You hid while they looked for you. Will you tell us how you felt when they were looking for you?" Napoleon looked very angry. He called in two of his soldiers. Then he pointed to the door. The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard.  At the end of the yard was a wall. The innkeeper and his wife were led to the wall. The soldiers tied the hands of the innkeeper and his wife. Napoleon watched, saying nothing.  “Please, sir." begged the innkeeper, “Dont kill us! we meant nothing!" The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them raising their guns. Then Napoleon called: “Ready! Aim!" The wife screamed. “Stop!" said Napoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, dont you?"  7.Why did the innkeeper ask Napoleon to tell him how Napoleon felt when he was being looked for? A. He wanted to know the difference between a general and an ordinary people. B. He looked down upon Napoleon, for he thought a great man shouldnt be defeated.  C. He showed his sympathy to Napoleon in time of danger.  D. He was interested in others failure, especially Napoleons. 8. Why did Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple? A. Because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him. B. Because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger. C. Because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him. D. Because he wanted to make the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger. 三、人物性格、態(tài)度及觀點判定題 Three men were discussing how to donate money to God. At first they couldnt agree with each other, then they each told his own idea. The first man said: “Lets draw a small circle on the ground and throw coins to the ground. The money out of the circle belongs to God." The second man added, “We will donate the coins inside the circle to God because God is in our hearts." The third man said: “Your ideas are not bad, but I have a better idea than yours. Lets throw coins into the sky. The coins that God accepts belong to him. So God can accept as much money as he can." At last, they agreed to the last idea, and they began to throw coins to the sky happily. 9. According to the passage, we can draw a conclusion: A. All the three men were kindhearted. B. The third man is more generous than the other two. C. None of them believed in God. D. Three men are all stingy(吝嗇) people. 四、猜測想象推理題 Practice 1: We are in the puter age. We often see puters at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processing and solving plicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by puters is being even more important with each passing day. More and cleverer puters will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later puters will replace us. However… 10. Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the next paragraph? A. puters will soon stop developing. B. puters are as clever as man. C. Many people like puters very much. D.I dont think puters will replace us pletely. Practice 2: There was ice on the road, and the doctors car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his surprise, he was not hurt .He got out of the car and walked to the nearest house, he wanted to telephone the garage for help. The door was opened by one of his patients. “Oh, Doctor." she said, “I have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly indeed. There has been a very bad accident in the road outside. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help". 11.Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story? A. “Yes, he does need help — your help, not mine." B. “Another accident? Ive just had an accident myself?" C. “I got your call and rushed over. I hope Im not too late." D. “I didnt get your call. But Im here and hope I can help". Practice3: Beldon and Canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. Both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holidaymakers and other tourists(觀光者). Last August there was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel in Beldon. The next day, this news appeared on page two of the towns newspaper. The Beldon Post: FIRE AT SEABREEZE Late last night firemen hurried to the Seabreeze Hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. The hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire. We say again to all our visitors： “Please dont smoke cigarettes in bed.”This was Beldons first hotel fire for five years. The Canfield Times gave the news in these words on page one： Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel. An angry holidaymaker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp. “We are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in Canfield.  What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August: that is one fact. Do we know anything else? Yes, we know that firemen went to the hotel.  Now what do you think of the rest of the “news" ? 12.The Canfield Times used the headline like this in order to make its readers think -_. A. hotels in Beldon often catch fire B. hotels in Beldon dont often catch fire C. this was the second fire at the Seabreeze Hotel D. Beldon was a good place except that hotels there are not quite safe ◆ 鞏固練習： (A) Visit Iceland and youll enter a whole new region of experience. Youll discover original nature as youve never seen it before, and the equally Original people for whom timeless nature, ancient heritage and modem lifestyle coexist in harmony. The freedom to wander in the city or the wilds as you please is the key to the Iceland experience. Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is just a part of the Icelandic experience with its midnight sun or the magical landscapes mixed with ice and fire. Reykjavik has a population of around 170,000 and offers an interesting mix of cosmopolitan (世界各地的) culture and local village roots. Old accounts say the ancient gods themselves guided Icelands first settler to make his home in Reykjavik. He named the place Reykjavik (Steamy Bay ) after the geothermal (地熱) steam he saw, which today heats homes and outdoor swimming pools throughout the city, a pollution-free energy source that leaves the air outstandingly fresh, clean and clear. A beautiful river runs through the city limits, and so do fine parks and even wild outdoor areas. In the outskirts are places for horse trekking and golf. But against this backcloth of nature, Reykjavik has a packed program of familiar city joys too: art museums, several theaters, an opera house, a symphony orchestra and concerts meeting the needs of the whole spectrum of age and taste. One must for all visitors is dining out on Icelandic specialities, including delicious seafood, ocean-fresh from the mornings catch, highland lamb and unusual varieties of game. Its purely natural food imagiriatively served to delight the most disceming(內(nèi)行的)of diners. Reykjavik is also famous as one of Europes hottest nightspots, where the action on the friendly pub and nightlife scene lasts right through the night. In the evening, the downtown area filled with activity, reaching its peak on Friday or Saturday. The number of pubs, cafe, discos, and other night-spots in the downtown area is astonishing. There is a rich variety of places to go. European-style cafes, nightclubs with live entertainment, dance halls for seniors, sports-theme pubs with big TV screens, cafes that offer over 100 types of beer, an Irish pub, a Spanish cafe, a French wine bar... Walking distances are short downtown, and everything worth seeing outside the city center can be quickly and conveniently reached by bus. With its long, easy-going main street and large shopping mall, Icelands capital is a great place to shop too with a bonus of tax-free shopping for visitors! Be careful not just for souvenirs (especially woolens and handicrafts) but also for stylish consumer goods and designer labels at petitive prices. A full range of acmodations is available in Reykiavik, from international-standard hotels with good conference facilities, through smaller hotels and fortable guest- houses, to a campsite in the citys biggest park. 1. It can be learned from the passage that Reykiavik_______. A. was named by the ancient gods B. got its name from the visitors C. was named by Icelands first settler D. was named after Icelands first settler 2. While visiting Iceland, the most enjoyable thing is_______. A. to taste its purely natural food B. to wander freely in the city or the wilds as you please C. to visit the night-spots there D. to do tax-free shopping 3. Which of the following subjects are mentioned in the fifth paragraph? A. Shopping and acmodations B. Dining and night-spots C. City joys and backcloth of nature D. Transportation and landscapes 4. It can be inferred from the passage that _______. A. all visitors must dine out while visiting Iceland B. hotel acmodation is so scarce that visitors usually camp in the citys big gest parks C. people living in Reykiavik seldom get heat from coal D. you have to walk a short distance if you want to go sight seeing outside the city (B) It was an early September day, cool and bright and just right for running, and I was in the first few miles of a 10-mile race over a course with a few high hills. Still, I felt energetic; despite the hills it was going to be a fine run. Just ahead of me was Peggy Mimno, a teacher from Mount Kisco, New York. She too was running easily, moving along at my speed. The pace felt fortable, so 1 decided to stay where I was; why pay attention to pace when she was setting such a nice one? Id overtake (追上) her later on when she tired. So I ran behind her. The course headed north for five miles, wandered west for a hilly mile, then turned south again along a winding road. The race was getting harder. We had four miles left and already it was beginning to be real work. Peggy overtook a young runner. She seemed to know him, for they exchanged a few cheerful words as she passed him. Their exchange worried me. You dont chat during a race unless you are feeling good, and Peggy plainly was. Still, I was close enough to overtake her if she tired, so I didnt give up hope pletely. We were getting nearer to a long punishing hill now and it would be the test. We were a mile from the finish line, so whatever happened on the hill would almost certainly determine who crossed it first. As I moved up the hill, my attention wandered for a few minutes. When I looked up, Peggy was moving away--first five yards, then ten, then more. Finally it was clear that there was no hope of catching her. She beat me soundly. There is an important lesson in that race. Women are thought to be weaker, slower and not nearly as skilled in sport. Yet as Peggy Mimno so clearly showed, the similarities between men and women runners are more important than the differences. I have run with a number of women, and I can say that it is often hard work. 5. What did the writer think of the race in the beginning? A. It would be hard work. B. It would be an easy race. C. It would be a test of his strength. D. It would be a good learning experience. 6. What worried the writer when Peggy greeted the young runner? A. Peggy overtook the young runner. B. Peggy was running energetically. C. Peggy was laughing at the writer. D. Peggy paid no attention to the writer. 7. By saying" a long, punishing hill"(Paragraph 5) , the writer implies that_______. A. Peggy would fail to reach the hilltop B. men are more skilled at climbing hills C. overtaking Peggy would be easy D. climbing the hill would be a demanding task 8. What lesson does the writer learn from the race? A. Women are as good as men in sport. B. Women are better at climbing hills. C. He should have more training in a cross-country race. D. He should set a quicker pace at the beginning of a race. (C) Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient practice which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past, the human race managed to live with it. Modern cleverness has changed this. Either Man will end the existence of war, or war will end the existence of Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeeded in ending the existence of nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in ending war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look up on international problems in a new way not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by settling in accordance with agreed rules of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted. There are those who say that the acceptance of this or that ideology (意識形態(tài)) would prevent war. I believe this to be a big mistake. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements (強詞奪理) which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their supporters believe in them so dee