2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) Module 5 知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解 外研版必修1.doc

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2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ) Module 5 知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解 外研版必修1 【詞條1】aim 【點(diǎn)撥】aim常作名詞,意為"目的,目標(biāo)"。如: As students, we must be clear about our learning aims. I don’t know his aim of going to Beijing at this time of the year. 【拓展】 1.aim作名詞常用于以下短語(yǔ): ①achieve one’s aim"實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的目標(biāo)"。如: She made great efforts in order to achieve her aims. ②take aim at"向……瞄準(zhǔn)；把矛頭或目標(biāo)對(duì)準(zhǔn)……"。如: The hunter took aim at the tiger and shot at it. 2. aim還可作動(dòng)詞,意為"目的是,旨在；瞄準(zhǔn),對(duì)準(zhǔn)等"。常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu): ①aim to do / at doing sth."旨在做某事"。如: They are aiming to reduce the unemployment rate by 50%. These steps aim at preventing crime. ②aim at sth."向……瞄準(zhǔn)"。如: I was aiming at the tree but hit the car by accident. 【詞條2】balance 【點(diǎn)撥】balance可作名詞,意為"天平"。如: My mother bought a pair of balances yesterday. This kind of balance are mostly used in labs. 【拓展】 1. balance作名詞,還可意為"平衡,均衡",常用于balance between A and B。如: You should learn to keep a balance between work and relaxation. 2. 體會(huì)下列各句中balance短語(yǔ)的意思: ①Can you keep your balance standing on one leg? (保持平衡) ②She lost her balance while performing and had her leg hurt. (失去平衡) ③Hanging in the air, he is out of balance. (失去平衡) 3. balance也可作動(dòng)詞,意為"保持平衡；相抵,抵消；權(quán)衡,比較"。如: How long can you balance on the narrow wood? She tries to balance her home life and work. Before making a decision, we must balance the advantages against its disadvantages. 4. balanced n."平衡的,均衡的"。如: We must keep a balanced diet to keep fit. 【詞條3】expand 【點(diǎn)撥】expand為動(dòng)詞,意為"擴(kuò)大,增加；膨脹"。如: A child’s vocabulary expands through reading. Metals expand when they are heated. 【拓展】 1. expand作動(dòng)詞,還可意為"擴(kuò)張,發(fā)展；闡述,詳述"。如: We have expanded our business by opening two more stores. I repeated the question and waited for her to expand. 2. expand意為"詳述,充分?jǐn)⑹?,常用于expand on / upon sth.。如: Could you expand on that point, please? 3. expandable adj."可擴(kuò)張的,可擴(kuò)充的"；expansion n."擴(kuò)張,擴(kuò)展；膨脹"。如: This is an expandable suitcase.這是個(gè)可伸縮的公文包。 Though the economic situation is not so good, the pany is confident of its further expansion. 經(jīng)典短語(yǔ)透視 【短語(yǔ)1】add...to... 【點(diǎn)撥】add ... to ...意為"往……加入……" 如: Please add his name to this list. Do you have anything to add to his statement? 【拓展】常見(jiàn)的其他add短語(yǔ)還有: ①add up"把……加起來(lái)；合計(jì)起來(lái)"。如: Add up the numbers in this line and then you will get the final result. ②add up to"總計(jì)為……"。如: All the students in our school add up to 572. 【短語(yǔ)2】used to 【點(diǎn)撥】used to 意為"過(guò)去經(jīng)常……",其中to為不定式符號(hào),后接動(dòng)詞原形。如: He used to climb the mountain every Sunday. I used to stay up late. 【拓展】 1. be used to do, be used to doing, used to do, be used as用法辨析: ①be used to do 意為"被用來(lái)做某事"。如: My literature book is used to be a pillow (枕頭)for the little boy. ②be used to doing意為"習(xí)慣做某事",其中to 是介詞。如: He has been used to living in the new school. ③used to do意為"過(guò)去常常做某事"。如: I used to sing loudly in the music class. ④be used as 意為"當(dāng)做……來(lái)用"。如: Papers were used as a table when we were having picnic last week. 2. used to do 和would 用法比較: ①兩者都表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,當(dāng)表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作時(shí),兩者可互換。如: When we were children we would go skating every winter. 相當(dāng)于When we were children we used to go skating every winter. ②若表示過(guò)去持續(xù)的狀態(tài),或強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比,通常只用used to, 不用would。如:He is not what he used to be. I don’t smoke these days, but I used to. 【短語(yǔ)3】be supposed to 【點(diǎn)撥】be supposed to意為"應(yīng)該……；本該……",其中to是動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào),不是介詞,其后要跟動(dòng)詞原形。如: My sister is supposed to be back from America two days later. What you are supposed to do is studying well and being a useful person for society. 【拓展】 1. be supposed to do還可以意為"被期望……",它可以用來(lái)表示勸告、議；義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。如: Everyone is supposed to reach the classroom a little earlier than the bell rings. 2. be supposed to have done意為"本應(yīng)做某事(但事實(shí)上沒(méi)有做)",表示一種虛假的情況。如: You are supposed to have handed in your homework by now. 3. be supposed to的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為be not supposed to,它常用于口語(yǔ)中,意為"不被許可；不應(yīng)當(dāng)"。如: She was not supposed to be angry about that. 她本不該為那件事而生氣。 熱點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法聚焦 形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 形容詞和副詞比較難把握的就是級(jí)。本期我們主要學(xué)習(xí)一下形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成及一些表示比較的固定結(jié)構(gòu)。 一、形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成 單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞及副詞在詞尾加-er和-est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)；多音節(jié)形容詞和副詞在原級(jí)前加more和most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。例如: 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) bright brighter brightest thin thinner thinnest important more important most important naturally more naturally most naturally hard harder hardest 二、表示比較的結(jié)構(gòu) 1. 比較級(jí)+ and + 比較級(jí),意為"越來(lái)越……"。如: It’s being warmer and warmer. 2. the +比較級(jí),the +比較級(jí),意為"越……越……"。如: The harder you work, the better result you will get. 3. no more ... than ...,意為"……和……一樣不……"。如: I have no more money than Lily. 4. no less than,意為"多達(dá),……那樣多"。如: I think he has worked for no less than 5 years till now.