2019版高考英語 詞法 第6講 非謂語動(dòng)詞課件.ppt

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第6講 非謂語動(dòng)詞,1. （2013安徽高考）______ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded 【解析】選C。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這所建于20世紀(jì)初期的學(xué)校一直激勵(lì)孩子們對(duì)藝術(shù)的熱愛。本句主語是the school，與found之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作狀語，故選C。,2. （2013北京高考）______ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found 【解析】選B。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：發(fā)現(xiàn)這門課程很難，她決定選一門水平稍低的課程。find與主語she之間是主謂關(guān)系，且“發(fā)現(xiàn)”這一動(dòng)作與句子謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，故使用finding。,3. （2013湖南高考）The sun began to rise in the sky, ______ the mountain in golden light. A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. having bathed 【解析】選B?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意：天空中太陽開始升起，使山脈沐浴在金色的陽光中。the sun與 bathe構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用v. -ing形式作狀語。bathe沐浴，使沐浴。,4. （2013湖南高考）______ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay 【解析】選C?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意：為了在晚上保持溫暖，我會(huì)往爐子里添柴，并把鬧鐘定到午夜以便我可以起來給爐火添柴。to stay為不定式在句中作目的狀語。,5. （2013北京高考）Volunteering gives you a chance ______ lives, including your own. A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change 【解析】選D?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意：志愿服務(wù)給你一個(gè)改變生活的機(jī)會(huì)，包括你自己的生活。題干中已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞gives，故A選項(xiàng)change動(dòng)詞謂語形式不能選，只能選非謂語形式，chance后往往接of doing sth. 或to do sth. ，即give sb. a chance to do sth. /of doing sth. 給某人做某事的機(jī)會(huì)。,6. （2013江蘇高考）Lionel Messi, ______ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set 【解析】選D。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：里奧內(nèi)爾梅西曾在一年內(nèi)創(chuàng)造最多得分記錄，因此他被認(rèn)為是歐洲最有天賦的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。由句子謂語動(dòng)詞is considered可知此題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞形式, 主語與set之間為主謂關(guān)系, 且表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前, 故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式形式。,7. （2013遼寧高考）Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail ______ for her. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. was waiting 【解析】選C?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意：Laura離家去巴黎待了一周多。當(dāng)她回家時(shí)，有一大堆郵件在等著她。mail和wait之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用v. -ing形式作后置定語。,8. （2013新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ）They might just have a place ______ on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try? A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave 【解析】選B?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意：他們寫作課上可能還剩下一個(gè)名額，你可以去碰碰運(yùn)氣。leave在此處表示“剩下”，和被修飾詞place之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。left經(jīng)常作后置定語，表示“剩下的”。,9. （2013山東高考）The room is empty except for a bookshelf ______ in the corner. A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood 【解析】選A?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意：除了有一個(gè)立在角落里的書架，這個(gè)房間是空的。整個(gè)句子是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，except for a bookshelf ______ in the corner屬于介詞短語作狀語，所以空格處應(yīng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語，并且bookshelf與stand之間是主謂關(guān)系，所以選A。,10. （2013北京高考）When we saw the road ______ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked 【解析】選D?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)我們看到道路被雪阻斷了時(shí)，我們決定在家度假。road和block之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用block的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。,11. （2013陜西高考）Let those in need ______ that we will go all out to help them. A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood 【解析】選B?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意：讓那些需要幫助的人們明白，我們會(huì)竭盡全力去幫助他們。let意思是“使，讓”，用法是“l(fā)et sb. do sth. ”，in need 是those的后置定語，故選B。,12. （2013江蘇高考）Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ______ to ruins, the city took on a new look. A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced 【解析】選C?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意：在遭受大規(guī)模的地震和損失之后不久，那個(gè)城市就呈現(xiàn)出了嶄新的面貌。and為并列連詞，連接after后的兩個(gè)賓語suffering from. . . 和being reduced to. . . 。be reduced to (doing) sth. 使淪為, 固定結(jié)構(gòu), 故選C。,13. （2013福建高考）______ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known 【解析】選C?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句意：知道基本的急救技術(shù)將會(huì)幫助你對(duì)緊急情況快速作出反應(yīng)。由句式分析可知本句缺少主語，且不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的時(shí)間對(duì)比及被動(dòng)，故用動(dòng)名詞的一般形式作主語。,14. （2013浙江高考）______ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing 【解析】選A。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：聽到別人對(duì)你剛讀過的書的反應(yīng)會(huì)增添一份喜悅。該句的謂語動(dòng)詞為creates，you have just read是修飾book的定語從句，空格處需要的是句子的主語，該動(dòng)作又是一個(gè)主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，所以該主語應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞短語充當(dāng)，故選A。非謂語動(dòng)詞短語的動(dòng)作和主句謂語動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，C項(xiàng)完成形式的時(shí)間與句意不符。,15. （2013重慶高考）The engine just won’t start. Something seems ______ wrong with it. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 【解析】選B。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)無法啟動(dòng)。看起來它出了些問題。sb. /sth. seems加不定式，為固定句式，常指“似乎發(fā)生了什么”。而此處故障已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，故使用seem to have done，選Ｂ。,熱點(diǎn)考向 1 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語 1. 主要考點(diǎn)：（1）不定式作狀語。不定式作狀語通常表示：(a)原因 (多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后)；(b)目的 (可用so as to/in order to替換，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(c)結(jié)果(常表意想不到的結(jié)果，常為only to do)。 ①We were very excited to hear the news. (原因) ②To get there on time I got up very early. (目的) ③He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there. (結(jié)果),（2）分詞作狀語。 ①現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知該做什么，他去找他父母幫忙。 ②過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果對(duì)這些樹多關(guān)心一些，它們本來會(huì)長得更好。,③部分過去分詞來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，其前不用being。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：seated（坐著的）、hidden（躲著）、stationed（駐扎）、lost/absorbed in（沉溺于）、 born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿著）、tired of（厭煩了）等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound. 因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?，他沒有聽到那個(gè)聲音。 2. 突破技巧： （1）把握前后主語一致性，區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞； （2）不定式作結(jié)果狀語為意想不到的結(jié)果；分詞作結(jié)果狀語為順理成章的結(jié)果。,【真題變式】用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子 （2012全國卷Ⅱ）Tony lent me the money, ______（hope） that I’d do as much for him. 托尼把錢借給我，希望我也會(huì)為他做同樣多的事情。,hoping,熱點(diǎn)考向 2 非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語 1. 主要考點(diǎn)：不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作定語以及區(qū)別。 2. 突破技巧： （1）把握不定式表示未來，動(dòng)名詞作定語表示用途，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成； （2）注意不定式to be done形式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞being done形式作定語的區(qū)別。,【真題變式】翻譯下面句子 （2012江西高考）John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter offering him it. ___________________________________________________ _____________,約翰的確得到了這份工作，因?yàn)樗o我看了提供給他工作,的正式信函。,熱點(diǎn)考向 3 非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語 1. 主要考點(diǎn)： 常見的需接非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語的結(jié)構(gòu)： （1）“5看2聽1感覺”的感官動(dòng)詞 “5看”包括see，watch，observe，notice，look at “2聽”包括hear，listen to “1感覺”包括feel （2）make，have，get等使役動(dòng)詞后,（3）特殊動(dòng)詞、詞組、句型： ①leave，catch，keep，find ②advise/allow/ask等動(dòng)詞+sb. to do sth. ③Sb. +be said to do sth. 中的不定式作補(bǔ)語。 2. 突破技巧： （1）注意作補(bǔ)語的三種形式（to） do/doing/done形式之間的區(qū)別。把握動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行和被動(dòng)； （2）注意賓語補(bǔ)足語與主語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別； （3）把握補(bǔ)語一般由不定式表示未來（不用to的不定式表示動(dòng)作全過程）；現(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行、過去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成。,【真題變式】用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子 （2012四川高考）I looked up and noticed a snake _______ （wind）its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.,winding,熱點(diǎn)考向 4 非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語 1. 主要考點(diǎn)： （1）只能跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞，常見的有： 碰巧希望作決定（happen, hope/wish, decide）； 準(zhǔn)備同意和答應(yīng)（prepare, agree, promise）； 假裝沒能安排好（pretend, fail, arrange/plan)； 學(xué)會(huì)拒絕難提供(learn, refuse, offer)； 決心設(shè)法想得分(determine, manage, intend/expect/want)； 一往無前任我行。,（2）只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞，常見的有 否認(rèn)錯(cuò)過避逃亡(deny, miss, avoid, escape)； 承認(rèn)推遲被禁止(admit, delay, forbid)； 考慮建議準(zhǔn)完成(consider, suggest, finish)； 介意冒險(xiǎn)亂想象 (mind, risk, imagine)； 答應(yīng)繼續(xù)去訓(xùn)練(allow/permit, keep, practise)； 設(shè)想原諒得欣賞(fancy, excuse/pardon, enjoy/appreciate)。,（3）特殊動(dòng)詞及短語跟不定式與動(dòng)名詞作賓語的不同,（4）動(dòng)詞allow，advise，permit，forbid后面不出現(xiàn)賓語時(shí)直接跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語 I allowed going to the park. 我準(zhǔn)許去公園。（沒有明確賓語） （5）動(dòng)詞need，want，require主語為物時(shí)后跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)形式，在句子中均為賓語 The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned. 窗子需要擦了。（意思為被動(dòng)） 2. 突破技巧：（1）牢記口訣，記熟用法；（2）把握特殊詞。,【真題變式】用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 （2012安徽高考）I remembered ______（lock）the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.,to lock,熱點(diǎn)考向 5 非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語、表語及獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 1. 主要考點(diǎn)： （1）動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語： 動(dòng)名詞表示泛指、抽象、反復(fù)、習(xí)慣；不定式表示具體、一次、打算、未做的動(dòng)作。 It’s no use crying over spilt milk. （規(guī)律性）覆水難收。 To go swimming this night is my opinion. （具體、未做）我的建議是今天晚上去游泳。,（2）現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞作表語： 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示主語的特征，意思“令人……”，一般是物作主語；過去分詞作表語說明主語的心理狀態(tài)，主語是承受者，表示的是被動(dòng)。動(dòng)名詞、不定式作表語與作主語是一樣的，可以表語、主語互換。 Teaching is my job. =My job is teaching.,（3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的分詞和不定式 如果分詞作狀語的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，要在分詞前面加上它自己的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其作用相當(dāng)于狀語從句或定語從句；有時(shí)也用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語）作狀語。 The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn’t know what to say. 女孩兩眼望著他，他不知道說什么好。,The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。 He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個(gè)飛機(jī)模型。,2. 突破技巧： （1）分析句子的主謂語是否一致，如果不一致就可以用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)； （2）弄清獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語與后面補(bǔ)語的關(guān)系，然后用相應(yīng)的形式，尤其是不定式和分詞形式。,【真題變式】用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 （2012陜西高考）If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _______（meet）an even greater challenge.,to meet,【命題小試】 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容命制一道考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的題目 The party will be held in the garden, weather permitting. 【參考答案】The party will be held in the garden, weather ______. A. permitting B. permits C. permitted D. to permit 【解析】選A。根據(jù)前后主語不同可推知用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；weather與permit之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用permitting。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 1 誤用邏輯主語 （母題）To rescue the villagers in Ya’an in time, ______ for them. A. the army brought a lot of food B. a lot of food was brought C. the villagers got a lot of food D. the villagers brought a lot of food,【解析】選A。句意：為了及時(shí)營救雅安的村民，軍隊(duì)給他們帶來了許多食物。根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，用非謂語動(dòng)詞簡化句子必須保持前后主語一致性。此處用不定式，發(fā)出rescue動(dòng)作的是“軍隊(duì)”，由此可知答案A合適。,（變式）The army brought a lot of food for them, ______ the villagers in Ya’an in time. A. rescuing B. to rescue C. rescued D. being rescued 【解析】選A。句意：軍隊(duì)給雅安的村民帶來了許多食物，結(jié)果及時(shí)把他們救了。the army與rescue之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示順承的結(jié)果。,【誤區(qū)點(diǎn)撥】 把握前后主語的邏輯關(guān)系，防止前后主語不搭配，動(dòng)作發(fā)出者有矛盾的現(xiàn)象。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 2 誤用分詞被動(dòng)形式 （母題）Pressed from his parents, and ______ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized 【解析】選A。句意：迫于父母的壓力，同時(shí)自己也意識(shí)到已經(jīng)浪費(fèi)了太多時(shí)間，這個(gè)男孩決定停止玩電子游戲。連詞and連接的成分是非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，但主語與press是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，與realize是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，由此可知答案。,（變式）______ from his parents, and realizing that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A. Being pressed B. Pressing C. To press D. Pressed 【解析】選D。句意：迫于父母的壓力，同時(shí)自己也意識(shí)到已經(jīng)浪費(fèi)了太多時(shí)間，這個(gè)男孩決定停止玩電子游戲。根據(jù)主語與press的關(guān)系為被動(dòng)推知用過去分詞。,【誤區(qū)點(diǎn)撥】 ①正確分析主謂關(guān)系； ②辨析過去分詞表示“被動(dòng)、完成”；現(xiàn)在分詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行”的區(qū)別。,1. （2013寧波模擬）Most of us manage our physical health better than our emotional health, ______ problems to cause real harm. A. left B. leaving C. to leave D. having left 【解析】選B。考查動(dòng)詞-ing作狀語。句意：我們中的多數(shù)人管理我們的身體健康要比我們的情緒健康好得多，結(jié)果留下的問題引起了真正的損害。根據(jù)語境“留下”為上面的管理所造成的結(jié)果，故用動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示順理成章的結(jié)果。,2. Brendan hurriedly got to the airport, only ______ the plane had taken off. A. to find B. to finding C. to be finding D. to have found 【解析】選A?？疾椴欢ㄊ阶鳡钫Z。句意：布倫丹匆忙到達(dá)機(jī)場結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。此處為結(jié)果狀語，并且表示一種“預(yù)料不到，不愿意看到的結(jié)果”，用only+不定式構(gòu)成。,3.______ the good results of the exam, he jumped with joy, ______ with a smile on his face. A. Heard; satisfied B. On hearing; satisfying C. Hearing; satisfied D. Hearing; being satisfied 【解析】選C?？疾楝F(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。句意：聽到考試的結(jié)果，他高興得跳了起來，臉上帶著滿意的微笑。此處主語為he，可以發(fā)出hear動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示時(shí)間狀語；he與satisfy的關(guān)系為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 用過去分詞，故選項(xiàng)C合適。,4. （2013杭州模擬）The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed 【解析】選C。考查過去分詞作定語。句意：在19世紀(jì)竣工的市政廳是那個(gè)時(shí)期最著名的建筑物。此處“完工”與“市政廳”為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，并且作定語，故答案為C。,5. This is the first time that Apple has changed the size of the iPhone’s display, ______ 4 inches since the original one was released in 2007. A. measured B. measures C. measure D. measuring 【解析】選D?？疾楝F(xiàn)在分詞作定語。句意：自2007年蘋果發(fā)行首款手機(jī)以來，這是第一次改變屏幕尺寸，現(xiàn)在是4英寸。measuring作定語，修飾display。,6. （2013寧波模擬）In the reading room, we found him ______ at a desk, with his attention ______ on a book． A. sitting; fixing B. to sit; fixed C. seating; fixing D. seated; fixed 【解析】選D。考查過去分詞作補(bǔ)語和with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：在閱覽室，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他坐在桌子旁，精力集中地在看書。此處seated為過去分詞作him的補(bǔ)語，并且與賓語him為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞seated=sitting；attention與fix為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞。,7. （2013溫州模擬）Our director is out. I’ll have her ______ you on the matter when she’s back. A. to contact B. contacting C. contact D. contacted 【解析】選C?？疾椴欢ㄊ阶餮a(bǔ)語。句意：我們主任出去了。當(dāng)她回來時(shí)，就這件事情我讓她聯(lián)系你。此處為have sb. do sth. 句型，have為使役動(dòng)詞，補(bǔ)語前的不定式“to”可省略。,8. （2013杭州模擬） I can hardly imagine the difficulty she had ______ enough evidence to prove that she was innocent. A. collected B. to collect C. to have collected D. collecting 【解析】選D?？疾閯?dòng)名詞作賓語。句意：我無法想象在收集足夠的證據(jù)證明她是無辜的方面她有的困難。根據(jù)句式have difficulty (in)doing sth. 可知此處為省略介詞in的賓語，she had為定語修飾difficulty，故答案為D。,9. Global warming has led to many rivers and lakes ______ these years. A. drying off B. drying up C. to dry off D. to dry up 【解析】選B?？疾閯?dòng)名詞作賓語。句意：全球變暖導(dǎo)致了許多河流和湖泊的干枯。動(dòng)詞短語lead to中的to為介詞，后面many rivers and lakes doing. . . 為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，故答案為B。,10.______ merely on what the average is, and you’ll remain average. A. Focusing B. Focused C. Focus yourself D. If you are focused 【解析】選C。考查祈使句式。句意：如果你僅僅把精力放在一般水平上，那么你就會(huì)保持一般水平。根據(jù)句式此處由連詞and連接前后句子，故排除分詞和帶連詞的從句形式，選項(xiàng)C合適。,