2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)匯總 第11章 助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)匯總 第11章 助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣1. I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere. 【05北京春】A.must dropB. must have droppedC.must be dropping D. must have been dropped2. You _ be tired - youve only been working for an hour. 【04全國(guó)】 A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not3. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police? 【04全國(guó)】A. should B. may C. will D. can4. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. 【04全國(guó)】A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving5.-Tom graduated from college at a very young age.-Oh, he _have been a very smart boy then. 【04全國(guó)】A.could B. should C. might D. must6. - I dont mind telling you what I know. - You . Im not asking you for it. 【04江蘇】 A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt7. I _ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. 【04浙江卷】 A. should B. might C. would D. could8. - Excuse me, but I want to use your puter to type a report. - You _ have my puter if you dont take care of it. 【04湖南卷】 A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt9. No, Im afraid he isnt in. This is his secretary speaking. Can I help you? - _.【04廣東卷】A. Oh, you will. B. Oh, thats a pity. C. I should think so.D. Well, I look forward to hearing from you.10Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_ her last week. 【04福建卷】Aought to tellBwould have toldCmust tellDshould have told11Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else such a beautiful palace. 【04遼寧卷】Acan you find Byou could find Cyou can find Dcould you find12Mum, Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. I go out and play with Tom for a while? No, Im afraid not. Besides, its raining outside now. 【04遼寧卷】ACant BWouldnt CMay not DWont13. Who is the girl standing over there? Well, if you know, her name is Mabel. 【04天津卷】A. may B. can C. must D. shall14. “The interest_ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. 【04重慶卷】A. may B. should C. must D. shall15. Children under 12 years of age in that country _ be under adult supervision when in a public library. 【04上海卷】A. must B. may C. can D. need16. - Isnt that Anns husband over there? - No, it _ be him. Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. 【04全國(guó)】A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not17. A left luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. 【NMETxx】Ashould Bcan Cmust Dwill18How you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article ? 【xx上海】Acan Bmust Cneed Dmay 19. Is John ing by train? 【NMETxx】 He should, but he _not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may20.It has been announced that candidates_remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 【xx上?！緼. can B. will C. may D. shall21.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. 【xx上?！緼. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall22.I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. 【NMETxx】 A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave23. - Are you ing to Jeffs party? 【NMETxx】 - Im not sure . I _go to the concert instead.Amust Bwould Cshould Dmight24. Will you stay for lunch? 【NMETxx】 Sorry, _. My brother is ing to see me.A. I mustnt B.I cant C. I neednt D.I wont25. -I stayed at a hotel while in New York. 【NMETxx】-Oh, did you? You_ with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed26. -When can I e for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. - They _be ready by 12:00. 【NMETxx】 A. can B. should C. might D. need27. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_ get out. 【NMET1997】 A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to28. Johnny, youplay with the knife, You _ hurt yourself. 【NMET1996】A. wont; cantB. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; mustD. cant; shouldnt29. You didnt let me drive. If wein turn, youso tired. 【NMET1996】A. drove, didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got30. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it. 【NMET1995】 A. breaks B. has broken C. were brokenD. had been broken31. -There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -Ita fortable journey. 【NMET1995】A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been32. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _be here at any moment. 【NMET1995】 A. must B. need C. should D. can33. Shall I tell John about it? 【MET1994】 No, you _ . Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt34. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. 【MET1994】 A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out35. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ , she would have met my brother. 【MET1994】A. has e B. did e C. came D. had e【答案與解析】1. B該題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)I have lost one of my gloves.得知是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的肯定推測(cè)，所以用must have done。句意：我丟了一只手套，我肯定是在某處掉了。2. C該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。后面說(shuō)才干了一個(gè)小時(shí)，因此是不可能累。表示可能性的否定句用cant。句意：你不可能累，你只干了一個(gè)小時(shí)。3. A 該題考查交際情景中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。should 在此表示責(zé)任或義務(wù)，意為：必須，應(yīng)該。句意：我經(jīng)?？匆?jiàn)那座空房子里有燈光。你認(rèn)為我該報(bào)告警察嗎？4. A 該題考查交際情景中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。關(guān)鍵詞he didnt show up，表明懷特先生該來(lái)而沒(méi)來(lái)。選A. should have arrived表示該做但未做。句意：懷特先生應(yīng)該8:30開(kāi)會(huì)；但是他還沒(méi)露面。5. B 該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。第一句話(huà)：湯姆年齡很小就大學(xué)畢業(yè)。第二句話(huà)：啊，他肯定是個(gè)很聰明的孩子。根據(jù)第一句話(huà)得知第二句話(huà)是一個(gè)對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的肯定的推測(cè)因此選擇D. must。6D 該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。該題的關(guān)鍵是Im not asking you for it.既然沒(méi)問(wèn)，就沒(méi)必要說(shuō)。因此選擇D。句意：“我不介意告訴你我知道的一切?！薄澳銢](méi)必要。我沒(méi)問(wèn)你這件事。” 7. A 該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)but后面的句子“我不敢肯定本周日是否有時(shí)間”，說(shuō)明前面是應(yīng)該去，故選A。句意：我該去拜訪特蕾西，但是我不敢肯定本周日我是否有時(shí)間。8.A 該題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。shall用于陳述句第二、三人稱(chēng), 表示說(shuō)話(huà)者的意圖、警告、命令、決心等, 主語(yǔ)的行動(dòng)受講話(huà)者支配。句意：“對(duì)不起，我想用一下你的電腦打份報(bào)告?！薄叭绻悴恍⌒氖褂玫脑?huà)，你不得使用我的電腦?！?. C該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。should 用于第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)表示某種條件下會(huì)產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，意為：該。句意：“不，恐怕他不在。我是他的秘書(shū)，你需要幫忙么？”“我想該這樣?！?0D該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。should/ought to have done表示該做而未做的事。句意：“我明天要告訴瑪麗有關(guān)她的新工作的事?！薄澳銘?yīng)該上周告訴她?！?1A該題根據(jù)交際情景考查倒裝句的用法。Nowhere是否定副詞放句首，要求主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)借助于助動(dòng)詞倒裝。該題表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，故選A。句意：可能你去過(guò)很多國(guó)家，但是你再也找不到如此美的地方。12A該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。據(jù)題意，此處是表示請(qǐng)求允許，故選A。句意：“媽媽?zhuān)覐?點(diǎn)就學(xué)英語(yǔ)。我難道不能出去和湯姆玩一會(huì)嗎？”“是的，恐怕不行。還有，現(xiàn)在外面正下雨呢?！?3. C該題根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。據(jù)題意和說(shuō)話(huà)者的不耐煩的語(yǔ)氣得知應(yīng)當(dāng)選C. must表示與說(shuō)話(huà)人愿望相反及不耐煩，意為：偏要 。句意：“站在那里的姑娘是誰(shuí)？”“啊，如果你偏要知道，她名叫梅布爾?！?4. D該題是根據(jù)交際情景考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。shall用于第三人稱(chēng), 在條約、規(guī)定、法令等文件中表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定,意為：應(yīng), 必須。句意：法官宣布:“根據(jù)雙方達(dá)成的協(xié)議，息金應(yīng)當(dāng)分成五份?！?5. A 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。must“表示職責(zé)或義務(wù)上的要求”，意為：必須，應(yīng)當(dāng)。句意：“在那個(gè)國(guó)家，12歲以下的孩子在圖書(shū)館必須在成年人的監(jiān)護(hù)之下?！?6. A 該題是考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)交際情景此處是表示可能性，用于否定句中一般用cant。句意：“難道那個(gè)安的丈夫不在那里？”“不，不可能是他。我肯定他不戴眼鏡?！?7. B 該題考查在特定語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。據(jù)題意：行李寄存處特別是在火車(chē)站短時(shí)間存放包的地方。該題中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can表示許可，should意為：應(yīng)該；must表示必須；will表示意愿。故選B。18.A 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，Can在此句中是用來(lái)表示某種不滿(mǎn)的情緒，意思為“你怎么能夠說(shuō)”句意：如果你只讀了這篇文章的一部分，你怎么能說(shuō)你真正理解了整個(gè)故事呢？19. D 該題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。“He likes driving his car.”是題目的關(guān)鍵，由此可推知他有可能不乘坐火車(chē)，may表示可能，符合原句的上下文意思。20.D 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。shall用于二、三人稱(chēng)，要重讀，不可縮寫(xiě)，表示意圖、意志、允諾、命令或必然結(jié)果等。意為：必須，應(yīng)，可。句意：據(jù)宣布，考生在收卷前必須坐在自己的座位上。21.B 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣，在賓語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)含有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，其中主句敘述的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句則表示的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，因此B為正確答案。句意：如果我不在七歲的時(shí)候就迷戀上我們家鄉(xiāng)的he Melinda Cox圖書(shū)館，我真不能想象我今天會(huì)做什么。22. B 該題考查與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shouldnt have done的用法。shouldnt have done表示不該做而做了。從句意判斷你不該一句話(huà)不說(shuō)就走了，故選shouldnt have done結(jié)構(gòu)。couldnt have left意為：不可能離開(kāi)。題意：你真急死我了。你不該一句話(huà)也不說(shuō)就離開(kāi)家。23. D 該題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。應(yīng)答語(yǔ)中的Im not sure. (我不能肯定)，決定了下句不是很確定的推測(cè)，因此用might意思為：“可能，也許”。must (must+be/have等表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞)語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，意為“一定，想必，準(zhǔn)是”。should接近ought to，意為：“應(yīng)該會(huì)，想必會(huì)”，推斷往往是對(duì)別人或別的事進(jìn)行的。句意：“你來(lái)參加Jeff的聚會(huì)嗎？”“我不敢肯定，我可能去參加音樂(lè)會(huì)?！?4. B 該題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。據(jù)題意：“你留下來(lái)吃午飯好嗎？”“對(duì)不起，我不能（留下來(lái)吃午飯），我兄弟要來(lái)看我。”該題的關(guān)鍵是：My brother is ing to see me.據(jù)此應(yīng)用I cant 用來(lái)表示“不能”。mustnt 表示禁止，neednt 意思是沒(méi)必要，wont將不，雖然用Will來(lái)提問(wèn)，據(jù)題意不能用wont來(lái)回答。25. A該題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式完成時(shí)的用法。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事的 猜測(cè)和判斷。對(duì)話(huà)雙方一位說(shuō)在紐約時(shí)住旅社，另一位聽(tīng)了頗感吃驚（Oh, did you?）說(shuō)，“你本可住Barbara處”，而他沒(méi)有住那兒，這要用“could+完成式不定式”來(lái)表示。句意：“我在紐約住在一家旅館。”“是嗎？你本可與巴巴拉住在一起的?！?6. B 該題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，問(wèn)句中顧客發(fā)出詢(xún)問(wèn)，問(wèn)什么時(shí)候能取照片，明天要用?；卮饡r(shí)A、B、C項(xiàng)似均可。但A項(xiàng)過(guò)于直白肯定，沒(méi)留退路； C項(xiàng)作答案不妥，might表示可能性用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示對(duì)所推斷的事情把握不大，本句中若使用might, 會(huì)使顧客很失望。選B項(xiàng)should，表示大致的推測(cè)，既回答了顧客的詢(xún)問(wèn)，不失禮貌，又為照片有可能尚未洗好，為顧客到時(shí)取不到留下回旋的余地。用詞經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)推敲體現(xiàn)了店主的精明。句意：“我什么時(shí)候能取照片？明天12點(diǎn)前要用?！薄懊魈?2點(diǎn)前應(yīng)該能沖好?！?7. D 該題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句中連接詞but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，由此推理“大火雖然蔓延很快，大家還是逃了出來(lái)?！?，空白處為was able to，在肯定句中當(dāng)某人具有某種能力而又使用了這種能力成功地做了某事用was/were able to而不用could。句意：“雖然大火蔓延很快，使旅館燒起來(lái)，但大家還是逃了出來(lái)”。28.B 該題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。第一個(gè)空格處填mustnt用于表達(dá)“制止”、“禁止”的口吻；第二個(gè)空格處用may表示“推測(cè)”，意思是“你可能會(huì)傷了自己”。句意：“杰克，你不許拿這刀子玩，那會(huì)傷著你。”29.D 該題考查與過(guò)去相反的虛假條件句的用法。從You didnt let me drive.可以看出是對(duì)過(guò)去的描述，根據(jù)與過(guò)去相反的虛假條件句結(jié)構(gòu)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài),主句中用 would/should/might/could have done的結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。句意：你沒(méi)讓我開(kāi)車(chē)。如果我們輪流駕駛，你就不會(huì)感到這樣疲勞了。30. C 該題考查由as if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。由as if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與現(xiàn)在相反的情況用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；與過(guò)去相反的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。第一句話(huà)用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，因此as if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，pencil 是break動(dòng)作的承受者應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)你把一支鉛筆的部分放在玻璃杯中，看上去她似乎是折斷的。31.D 該題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及其辨析。從第一句用了過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)判斷，這是表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的推測(cè)?！扒閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式完成式”用來(lái)表示對(duì)“過(guò)去已發(fā)生行為”的推測(cè)。在否定句中，用cant或couldnt have done，所以本題正確答案為D。句意：“車(chē)上本來(lái)已經(jīng)有五人，但他們還是設(shè)法把我也帶上.” “那次旅行不可能舒服”。32.C 該題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞at any moment可判斷此題情態(tài)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)表示，“可能性、推測(cè)、推論”，惟should 可表示“推論”，譯為“可能, 該”，所以選C。題意：“現(xiàn)在快要七點(diǎn)了，杰克隨時(shí)會(huì)到。33.A 該題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)“Ive told him already”，所提供的信息來(lái)判斷，沒(méi)必要告訴約翰這件事了，應(yīng)選neednt，neednt have done 表示沒(méi)必要做而做了。句意： “咱們把這件事告訴John怎么樣？” “你不必了。我已經(jīng)把這件事告訴他了。”34. C 該題考查與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should have done的用法。從句意判斷本應(yīng)給她寫(xiě)出來(lái)而沒(méi)給她寫(xiě)，故用should have done結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：我和薩麗說(shuō)了怎樣來(lái)這里，或許我應(yīng)該給她寫(xiě)清楚。35. D 該題考查與過(guò)去相反的虛假條件句的用法。從I didnt see your sister可以看出是對(duì)過(guò)去的描述，根據(jù)與過(guò)去相反的虛假條件句結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我在會(huì)上沒(méi)看見(jiàn)你姐姐。如果她來(lái)了，他會(huì)見(jiàn)到我弟弟的。第二節(jié) 考點(diǎn)歸納不同的時(shí)態(tài)（一般式、進(jìn)形式、完成式、將來(lái)式），不同的語(yǔ)態(tài)（主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)），不同的語(yǔ)氣（祈使、陳述、虛擬），不同的結(jié)構(gòu)（肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)），以及說(shuō)話(huà)者本身的態(tài)度或刊發(fā)（命令、請(qǐng)求、愿望、可能等），所有這些都要借助于助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)出來(lái)。助動(dòng)詞一般沒(méi)有詞意，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，除非省略句中。他們只參加時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣或否定、疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有詞義，可以用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)者的語(yǔ)氣和態(tài)度。主要的助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如下表：助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)can, could, be able tohave(has, had , having)may mightshall, will(should, would)shall, should, （ought to）will, would do (does, did)dare, need, must一、助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞的主要用法助動(dòng)詞一般沒(méi)有詞意，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。其作用在于幫助構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、否定、疑問(wèn)等。（一）助動(dòng)詞be（am, is, are, was, were, being, been）的用法1、 be后跟現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。Who is playing the violin?誰(shuí)在拉小提琴？2、be后跟過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。He was asked to do the work. 有人要他干這件工作。3、be 后跟不定式作謂語(yǔ)，有如下幾種情況：表示計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事；表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止；表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任等，同should；用來(lái)表示命運(yùn)或注定等。Im to have supper with John this afternoon. 今天下午我要與約翰一起吃晚飯。You are not to enter the room without permission. 未經(jīng)允許你不能進(jìn)入房間。What is to be done?該干什么。He was to regret the decision.他有一天會(huì)后悔做出這一決定的。（二）助動(dòng)詞have(has, had, having)的用法1、助動(dòng)詞have可以構(gòu)成完成時(shí)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)He has been a doctor for 10 years. 他當(dāng)醫(yī)生十年了。2、和不定式構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示客觀上不得不做的事情。-Do we missed the train?我們得立刻工作嗎？-No. We dont have to. 不，不必了。3、do(does, did) 的用法（1）構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句或否定句How did you know about it?你是怎樣知道這件事的。He does not smoke. 他不抽煙。（2）用于肯定句中加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，意為：真的、確實(shí)、務(wù)必。He did tell that. 他的確告訴了此事。Do e and see us. 一定來(lái)看我們。（3）代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞，避免重復(fù)。-You like popular music, dont you?你喜歡流行音樂(lè)，是吧？-Yes , I do. 是的，我喜歡。He speaks French as fluently as she does. 他講法語(yǔ)和她講的一樣流利。（4）用于倒裝句中。Never did he pay attention to my words. 他從不注意我的話(huà)。Only then did I understand the importance of English. 只是那時(shí)，我才了解到英語(yǔ)的重要。（5）構(gòu)成否定的祈使句。Dont be so careless. 不要那么粗心。Dont you do that again.以后不要再做那樣的事。4、shall(should)和will(would) 的用法（1）shall(should)用于第一人稱(chēng)的將來(lái)時(shí)中，單純表示將來(lái)I shall think it over. 我要好好考慮一下。I rang up to tell her that I should leave for London. 我打電話(huà)告訴她我要去倫敦。（2）will只用于第二、第三人稱(chēng)的將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)中You will have an English test tomorrow. 明天你有英語(yǔ)小測(cè)驗(yàn)。He wanted to know when you would finish the writing. 他想知道你何時(shí)完成寫(xiě)作。二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為“可能、應(yīng)當(dāng)、必要”等等，但本身意義不完全，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和其他動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。除ought, used, have后跟不定式外，其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一律跟動(dòng)詞原形。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有：can/could, may/might, must, ought to, used to, need, dare, shall/should, will/would, have to等。（一）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征（1）沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。（2）大部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有過(guò)去式：（3）少部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)過(guò)去式或者說(shuō)過(guò)去式與原形相，used to 只有過(guò)去式形式。（4）大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面還可跟動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和被動(dòng)式形式：（二）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示可能與推測(cè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式must必定、必然/will很可能、大概不會(huì)、不該會(huì)嗎？would可能性比will小語(yǔ)氣比wont弱語(yǔ)氣比will弱should確定或可能有的或期待/ought to總應(yīng)該、理應(yīng)（含義同should）/can/不可能有可能嗎？could可以的可能不可能語(yǔ)氣比can弱may或許、也許、也未可知、也說(shuō)不定可能不/might比may弱比may not弱/教你巧學(xué)巧記:巧記表“推測(cè)”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法 表“推測(cè)”時(shí)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可用can,could,may,might,must。must表“一定”，只用于肯定句，其否定形式要用cant;may(might)表“或許”，可能性較小，不用于疑問(wèn)句；can表“可能”，不用于肯定句。為方便記憶，可用一句話(huà)來(lái)記憶，即：肯(can)不肯？妹(may)不問(wèn)，媽媽(must)肯定不否問(wèn)?！翱?can)不肯”即can不用于肯定句；“妹(may)不問(wèn)” 即may不用于疑問(wèn)句；“媽媽(must)肯定不否問(wèn)” 即must只用于肯定句,而不用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。（三）“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”用法一覽表情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done用法例句must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的肯定推測(cè)，意為：可能、一定，用于肯定的陳述句中。I have not seen him for quite a long time. He must have been very busy.我很久沒(méi)見(jiàn)他了，他一定很忙。can have done用于對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，表示可能，常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句She cant have gone to work. Its Sunday.她不可能去上班，今天是星期日。 She is two hours late. What can have happened?她已經(jīng)晚了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，可能會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情呢?could have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，否定句和疑問(wèn)句，作用和can have done相同，但表達(dá)的可能性較小或說(shuō)話(huà)人更加不肯定。用于肯定句中，表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性，表示遺憾，意為：“本來(lái)可以”You could have e here a little earlier.你本來(lái)可以早一點(diǎn)到這里來(lái)的。You could have used my car. I didnt use it all the morning.你該用我的車(chē)，我一早晨沒(méi)用。may have done may have done用于對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，表示 或許;可能，多用于肯定句和否定句。She is late. She may have missed the bus.她遲到了，她可能沒(méi)趕上車(chē)。might have done 表示程度上比may更小的可能性?？梢杂糜谝蓡?wèn)句中。也可以表示“本應(yīng)該做某事”含有輕微的責(zé)備語(yǔ)氣。 He might have arrived home by now. Lets ring him up again.現(xiàn)在他可能已經(jīng)到家了，我們?cè)俳o他打一次電話(huà)吧。You might have been more careful.你本來(lái)可以多加小心的。should have done 肯定形式表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做的事而沒(méi)有做，其否定形式表示 過(guò)去不該做的事卻做了，含有批評(píng)的意思。I shouldnt have ordered the equipment without asking you first.我不該預(yù)先不請(qǐng)示你就訂購(gòu)了設(shè)備。ought to have done肯定形式表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做的事而沒(méi)有做，其否定形式表示 過(guò)去不該做的事卻做了，含有批評(píng)的意思。You ought to have paid more attention to your lessons.你本應(yīng)該多注意自己的功課的。She ought not to have kept us waiting so long.她不應(yīng)該讓我們等那么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。neednt have done表示 本來(lái)不必做的事卻做了 You neednt have told that to him.你本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要把那事告訴他。(實(shí)際卻告訴了)had better have done用于時(shí)候的建議，含輕微責(zé)備的口氣，意為：當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了某事，其否定式表達(dá)意義相反I would rather have started earlier. Youd better not have scold her.would rather have done表示“當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事” 其否定式表達(dá)意義相反I would rather have taken her advice.（三）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示某一特定的語(yǔ)氣1、can用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句中，表驚異懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。Where can they be now?他們現(xiàn)在能在哪兒呢？What can he mean?他會(huì)是什么意思？ 2、must表示與說(shuō)話(huà)人愿望相反及不耐煩，意為：偏要。 Why must it rain on Sunday? 偏要在星期天下雨, 討厭! 3、may表祝愿（不能用might）。May all our dreams e true.愿我們夢(mèng)想成真。May that day e soon. 愿這一天早日到來(lái)。 4、should與why, who, how 等連用, 表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)某事不理解、感到意外、驚異等意思，意為：竟會(huì)。 Why should you be so late today?你今天怎么來(lái)的這么晚？ I dont know why you should think that I did it. 我真不明白你憑什么認(rèn)為這件事使我干的。（四）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示委婉地語(yǔ)氣1、can和could表比較委婉客氣地提出請(qǐng)求。這時(shí)could和can沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差別，只不過(guò)用could比用can顯得更加委婉客氣。-Could /Might I borrow your dictionary? 我把字典借給我可以嗎？-Yes, of course you can/may. 當(dāng)然可以。 No, Im afraid not.注意：回答允許時(shí)肯定的回答用can，不能用could/might。2、may和might表示許可或征詢(xún)對(duì)方許可。May I watch TV after supper?晚飯后我可以看電視嗎？He said that I might use the telephone.他說(shuō)我可以用電話(huà)。注意：征詢(xún)?cè)S可時(shí)，might比may更恭敬有禮。may的否定形式為may not，但表示“不可以”、“阻止”等意思時(shí)常用must not(musnt)代替may not。3、should用于使一個(gè)直接或直率的陳述變得婉轉(zhuǎn)、謙遜，意為：可, 倒。I should think he would like to go.我倒是認(rèn)為他愿意去I should hardly think so.我倒并不那樣想。You are mistaken, I should think so.要我說(shuō)，你是搞錯(cuò)了。（五）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法1、can和could表能力 （1）意為“能夠會(huì)”，表示體力或腦力等方面的能力Can you ride a bike?你能騎自行車(chē)嗎？I could run faster then. 我那時(shí)能跑得更快一些。（2）當(dāng)can和could表示能力時(shí)，有時(shí)可以用be able to替換，could表過(guò)去，can表現(xiàn)在，有時(shí)也可表將來(lái)，但不能與will, shall等助動(dòng)詞連用；be able to可以用于將來(lái)、完成等時(shí)態(tài)。With his help, we shall be able to build the house.在他的幫助下，我們將能夠建造房屋了。（3）當(dāng)我們要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去確實(shí)使用了某種能力時(shí)，要用was（were）able to，而不用could。was able to 表示“設(shè)法干成某事”，即succeed in doing sth.或manage to do sth.而could只表示“具備某種能力”。He is such a good swimmer that he was able to save the two boys from drowning the other day.他是一位游泳健將，因此前些日子他救上了兩名溺水男孩。2、must和have to （1）must表示“必須”，“應(yīng)該”。否定式must not(mustnt)表示“不應(yīng)該”，“不許可”，“不準(zhǔn)”,“禁止”等。在回答帶有must的問(wèn)句時(shí)，否定式常用need not(neednt)或dont have to 表示“不必”，而不用must not (mustnt)。The work must be finished as soon as possible.這件工作必須盡快完成。You mustnt speak like that. 你不能那樣說(shuō)話(huà)。（2）have to表示“必須”，“不得不”，在這個(gè)意義上與must與很接近，但must表示的是說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀看法，而have to 表示的卻是客觀需要。have to 有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式：現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過(guò)去時(shí)，將來(lái)時(shí)等，而must只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式。have to 不能代替表推測(cè)的must，但在虛擬條件句中用had had to+動(dòng)詞原形表示與過(guò)去相反的情況。I have to go now. 我得走了。（客觀需要）I must go now. 我必須走。（主觀看法）I shall have to go to school tomorrow. 明天我得去上學(xué)了。You must be joking.你一定是在開(kāi)玩笑。（不能用have to）3、shall（1）用在疑問(wèn)句中，用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示或向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh，用于第一、三人稱(chēng)。 Shall we start the meeting now?我們現(xiàn)在開(kāi)會(huì)好嗎？Shall those books be sent over to you at once?那些書(shū)立即給你送過(guò)來(lái)嗎？（2）用于第二、三人稱(chēng)，表示說(shuō)話(huà)者的意圖、警告、命令、決心、許諾等, 主語(yǔ)的行動(dòng)受講話(huà)者支配。意為：必須, 應(yīng), 可He shall suffer for this. He shall pay you what he owes you. 他必將自食其果，他欠的債一定得還。（威脅）He shall have a bicycle for his birthday.他可以得到一架自行車(chē)作為生日禮物。（3）在問(wèn)句中, 征 詢(xún)對(duì)方對(duì)于主語(yǔ)行動(dòng)的意見(jiàn)(提供幫助, 提出建議、要求給予指示和征求意見(jiàn)), 主要用于第一、三人稱(chēng)。意為： 好嗎? 要不要? Shall I carry your bag ?我?guī)湍隳檬痔岚? 好嗎?Shall he e to see you ? 要不要他來(lái)看你?（4）用于第三人稱(chēng), 在條約、規(guī)定、法令等文件中表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定。意為：應(yīng), 必須No reader shall remove a book from the library without consent of the librarian.非經(jīng)管理員同意, 讀者不準(zhǔn)把書(shū)帶出圖書(shū)館。4、should（1）表“勸告、建議”時(shí)，可譯成“應(yīng)該”，這時(shí)可用ought to替換。You should keep your promise.你應(yīng)該遵守諾言。（2）表示委婉陳述自己的意見(jiàn)。I should think you are right. 我想你是對(duì)的。I should advise you not to go now. 我勸你現(xiàn)在別走。（3）表示驚異贊嘆、憂(yōu)慮、惋惜、歡欣、不滿(mǎn)等情緒。Why should you think so?你為何這樣想呢？（不滿(mǎn)）Its strange that it should be so hot today. 很怪，今天怎么這么熱。（驚奇）（4）表推測(cè) 意為“可能，該”，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況、將來(lái)情況的某推測(cè)。They should be home by now. 他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)郊伊?。The book you need should be in our library. 你需要的那本書(shū)我們圖書(shū)館應(yīng)該有。5、ought to（1）ought沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)或時(shí)態(tài)的變化，后跟帶to的不定式。常譯作“應(yīng)該”，“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等，和should同義，只是口氣稍重一些。其否定式為ought not to (oughtnt to )，疑問(wèn)式為Ought I /you to?You ought to start at once你應(yīng)該立刻出發(fā)。（2）表示沒(méi)有履行過(guò)去的義務(wù)時(shí)，用“ought to +完成時(shí)。You ought to have told me about this earlier. (But you didnt)你本來(lái)應(yīng)該早一點(diǎn)把此事告訴我。（但沒(méi)有）6、used to used to只有一種存在形式,一般過(guò)去式。具體用法如下：（1）在肯定句中，表示現(xiàn)在己經(jīng)不再發(fā)生，不復(fù)存在的過(guò)去的行為和存在的狀態(tài)。He used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day. 他過(guò)去每天抽20支煙。There used to be a building ther（5） 那里曾經(jīng)有座大樓。（2）在疑問(wèn)句、否定句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，可以有兩種形式：Used you to go to work by bike?Did you use to go to work by bike?你過(guò)去常騎車(chē)上班嗎？He usednt to smoke as much as he does now. John used to be very fat, didnt he/usednt he?約翰曾經(jīng)很胖，是嗎。Used you to live in Shanghai?你過(guò)去曾住在上海？Yes, I did/ I used to. 是的。（3）used to 與would的區(qū)別：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to 和would都可以表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，但有下列不同點(diǎn)：（1） used to 表示確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間，不需與確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用，而would一般與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。used to 含有與現(xiàn)在相比較的意思，而would沒(méi)有。He used to get up early. 他過(guò)去常常早起。(現(xiàn)在不早起了)The old man would go to the park every day to have morning exercises. 那位老人以前每天都去公園晨練。（沒(méi)有與現(xiàn)在相比較的意思）（2）used to 指過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生或持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，而would僅指地去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不指持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；另外，used to 即既表動(dòng)作還表狀態(tài)，而would只表動(dòng)作不表狀態(tài)，因此下列句中的used to 不能用would代替。People used to think that the earth was flat. 人們過(guò)去認(rèn)為地球是平的。She used to be very nervous in the exam. 她以前考試常常很緊張。（3）used to 表客觀事實(shí)，would則表示一種意愿。When he lived by the sea, he used to suffer diseases. 他住在海邊時(shí)，經(jīng)常有病。（used to 不能換成would）There used to be a small village here.這里曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)小村莊。7、daredare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“敢”，主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句，無(wú)詞形變化，單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)不加-s。（1）通常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，其用法同其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。She darent even look out. 她甚至不敢向外看。Dare you go to school by yourself?你敢獨(dú)自一人去上學(xué)嗎？How dare you say I am unfair?你怎么敢說(shuō)我不公平!I dare not sleep in that room again.我再也不敢睡在那房間了。（2）dare在句子含有否定意義或疑問(wèn)意義時(shí)；在簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中；狀語(yǔ)從句中。也用于肯定句中。