2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 主謂一致 北師大版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 主謂一致 北師大版一、就近一致原則1由or，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，either.or.，whether.or.，not.but.等連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時，通常根據(jù)就近一致原則，謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.2here/there引導(dǎo)一個句子而主語又不止一個時，通常根據(jù)就近原則，謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.二、意義一致原則1謂語動詞必須用單數(shù)的情況(1)表示學(xué)科的名詞以及works(工廠)，news(消息)等作主語時，雖然本身為復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示單數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。 Politics is his favorite subject.(2)表示某些組織機構(gòu)的名詞、書/報名、國名、地名等作主語時，雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但所表示的意義是單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Do you know when the United Nations was set up?2謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)的情況表示總稱意義的名詞，如people，police，public，cattle等作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The police are searching for the murderer.3謂語動詞的形式依據(jù)主語表示的意義而定(1)集體名詞，如family，class，group，team，club，pany，government，population等作主語時，謂語動詞的形式根據(jù)其在語境中表示的意義而定。當(dāng)其表示集體意義，強調(diào)整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)其表示集體中各個組成部分，強調(diào)個體概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.(2)“the形容詞/分詞”表示“一類人”時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The poor were looked down upon in the old days.三、語法一致原則1由and連接的兩個名詞作主語(1)“a/the名詞單數(shù)and名詞單數(shù)”表示一個人(雙重身份)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.(2)“a/the名詞單數(shù)anda/the名詞單數(shù)”表示兩個人，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The teacher and the poet have just arrived.(3)“every名詞單數(shù)andevery名詞單數(shù)”表示每一個人，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.(4)通常由兩個部件組成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Bread and butter is not to his taste.2表示時間、數(shù)量、長度及價格的名詞，盡管有時是復(fù)數(shù)形式但常被看作是一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Is fifty pounds enough?3“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)of名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的形式根據(jù)of后的名詞的形式來定，如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Twothirds of the books are about science.Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.1Listening to loud music at rock concerts_caused hearing loss in some teenagers.(xx湖南，33)Ais Bare Chas Dhave2Such poets as Shakespeare_widely read，of whose works，however，some_difficult to understand.(xx四川，15)Aare；are Bis；isCare；is Dis；are3Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress.(xx全國，9)Awear BwearsChas worn Dhave worn4The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1997.(xx山東，25)Ais BareChas been Dhave been5Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，_ visit Beijing this summer.(xx陜西，7)Ais going to Bare going toCwas going to Dwere going to一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Several department stores，including the one we usually go to，_(have) sidewalk sales this week.Lets go and have a look.2What the science teacher does and says _(be) of great importance to college students. 3.A number of students _(be) playing on the ground but I dont know what the exact number _(be) 4.We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that _(be) to blame for their sons bad behaviour at school.5Mike，what did our monitor say just now?Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who _(be) to visit the museum_(be) asked to be at the school gate before 630 in the morning.6Britain in mon with many other industrialized countries，_(experience) major changes over the last 100 years.7Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority _(be) religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.8So far a series of problems _(be) brought about by this decision.二、單項填空1The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _ its soil and water of its lakes，rivers and oceans.Ahas Bdo Cis Dare2In fact，not only Mary and I but also Jane _ having one exam after another.Ais tired for Bare tired withCis tired of Dare tired of3Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area_invited.Awere Bhave beenChas been Dwas4At the bus stop _ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.Awere Bwas Cis Dsits5Butter and bread _ their daily food，but the bread and the butter _ up now.Ais；is eaten Bare；have been eatenCare；are eaten Dis；have been eaten6An average of 200 letters a week _ received by the newspapers offer.Such _ the case with us at present.Aare；is Bhas been；has beenChave been；is Dis；are7Its said that the team _ twelve top European players.Aconsists of Bis consisted ofCare made up of Dmake up of8Sixty miles _ in a single night，so they were exhausted.Ais covered Bwas coveredCare covered Dhas covered9_ an EnglishChinese dictionary.AThe students each haveBThe students each hasCEach the students hasDEach of the students have10_ of the Russian students，teachers and parents was over 1,000；and _ of them were killed unfortunately.AThe number；the numberBThe number；a numberCA number；halfDA number；three quarters11Email，as well as telephones，_ an important part in daily munication.Ais playing Bhave playedCare playing Dplay12All but one _ here just now.Ais Bwas Chas been Dwere13Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.Ais used Bare usedChas been used Dhave been used14He is the only one of the students who _ the winner of scholarship for three years.Ais BareChave been Dhas been15When and where to go for the onsalary holiday _ yet.Aare not decidedBhave not been decidedCis not being decidedDhas not been decided16No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign.Aknows BknowChave known Dam to know17The teacher，with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class，_ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.Awas BwereChad been Dwould be18All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.Aencourages BencourageCis encouraged Dare encouraged答案感悟高考1C句意為：聽搖滾音樂會中的大聲的音樂已導(dǎo)致一些青少年失聰了。本題主語為動名詞短語，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)，根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系可知，此處應(yīng)是主動語態(tài)，故C項正確。2A句意為：一些詩人，像莎士比亞，(其作品)被廣泛閱讀，然而，其中一些作品是難以理解的。句中of whose works到句末為非限制性定語從句；第一個空的主語是some poets，故謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；第二個空的主語是some of whose works，謂語動詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3B句意為：Barbara很容易被辨認(rèn)出來，因為她是唯一一名穿晚禮服的婦女。題干中先行詞是the only one，故定語從句中用單數(shù)謂語動詞；再根據(jù)主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時知，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時。4C“the number ofn.”作主語時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；由since 1997可知句子的時態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。5A當(dāng)主語后出現(xiàn)together with/as well as等介詞短語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與介詞短語前的主語保持一致，故可排除B、D兩項；根據(jù)時間狀語this summer可知應(yīng)用一般將來時態(tài)。領(lǐng)悟語法一、1.are having2.is3.are；is4.is5.are；is6has experienced7.were8.have been二、1.Das.as.在這里表示“同一樣”的意思。句意為：大氣是地球的一部分，就像土壤，湖里、河里、海洋里的水(是地球的一部分)一樣。后面是一個省略句。原句還原為完整的句子為The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans are a part of it.。后面因為用and連接了soil和water，故用復(fù)數(shù)are。2Cnot only.but also連接的成分作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)就近原則來定，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)。3D主語是every boy and girl，表示單數(shù)概念，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)，且詢問昨晚的情況，有明確的過去時間，所以應(yīng)選擇was。4A表處所的介詞短語置于句首時句子要用倒裝，該句的主語是a soldier and two young people，所以謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。5Dbutter and bread抹上黃油的面包，已經(jīng)是一種約定俗成的食物了，所以用單數(shù)形式；the bread and the butter意為“面包和黃油”，是兩種食物，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。6Aan average of名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the average of名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；第二個句子是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是the case，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)。7Athe team是指一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；consist of無被動形式。8B表示距離的詞作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；由were可知用過去式。cover意為“行過(路程)”。9Aeach作the students的同位語，故謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；D項中的主語是each，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)；沒有C項這種表達形式。10Bthe number of名詞作主語時，意為“的數(shù)量”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；a number of名詞作主語時，意為“大量的”，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。11AEmail作主語為單數(shù)，句中謂語也用單數(shù)。12DAll but one，意為“所有人除了一個”，主語依然是All，復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。13Cevery possible means每一種可行的方式；means單復(fù)數(shù)同形，此句中為單數(shù)；表示“每種辦法都用過了”，用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。14D有the only修飾先行詞，其后的定語從句中謂語用單數(shù)。15Dwhen and where to do雖有and 連接，但指同一事，作主語時看成單數(shù)。16Ano one在句中作主語，謂語用單數(shù)，且時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，故用knows。17Athe teacher作主語，謂語用單數(shù)(was)且和visiting構(gòu)成過去進行時。18Dall the employees在句中作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，且表示被動，故用are encouraged。