2019年高考英語真題分類匯編 專題十一 主旨大意.doc

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2019年高考英語真題分類匯編 專題十一 主旨大意 Passage 1(xx課標全國Ⅱ,A)體裁:記敘文　詞數(shù):269 Arriving in Sydney on his own from India,my husband,Rashid,stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children. During the first week of his stay,he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers,including his passport. He reported the case to the police and then sat there,lost and lonely in a strange city,thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening,the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband??s name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out,although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way. 1.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney? A.Go shopping. B.Find a house. C.Join his family. D.Take a vacation. 2.The girl??s parents got Rashid??s phone number from　　　. A.a friend of his family B.a Sydney policeman C.a letter in his papers D.a stranger in Sydney 3.What does the underlined word “restored”in the last paragraph mean? A.Showed. B.Sent out. C.Delivered. D.Gave back. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.From India to Australia. B.Living in a New Country. C.Turning Trash to Treasure. D.In Search of New Friends. 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為記敘文,題材是人物故事類。從印度來到悉尼的第一個星期,作者的丈夫Rashid的手提箱被盜,里面裝有重要文件,包括護照,在這個舉目無親的陌生城市里,他會得到幫助嗎? 1.B　 2.C　 3.D　 4.C　 Passage 2(xx遼寧,C)體裁:說明文　詞數(shù):264 Would it surprise you to learn that,like animals,trees municate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation? UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more plex than most of us ever imagined.Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are peting for survival of the fittest,Simard shows just how wrong he was.In fact,the opposite is true:trees survive through their co-operation and support,passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”. Nitrogen(氮)and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi(真菌)networks,making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy.This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons(神經(jīng)元)in our brains,and when one tree is destroyed,it affects all. Simard talks about “mother trees”,usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation,transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow.When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly plex “tree societies”or the networks on which they feed,we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest. “We didn??t take any notice of it,”Simard says sadly.“Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying,but we never give them chance.”If we could put across the message to the forestry industry,we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future. 1.The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees　　　. Apete for survival B.protect their own wealth C.depend on each other D.provide support for dying trees 2.“Mother trees” are extremely important because they　　　. A.look the largest in size in the forest B.pass on nutrition to young trees C.seem more likely to be cut down by humans D.know more about the plex“tree societies” 3.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to　　　. A.how “tree societies” work B.how trees grow old C.how forestry industry develops D.how young trees survive 4.What would be the best title for the passage? A.Old Trees municate Like Humans B.Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection C.Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think D.Trees Contribute To Our Society 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為說明文,題材為科普知識類。本文介紹了森林里的樹木是如何互相依賴而生存的。 1.C　 2.B　 3.A　 4.C　 Passage 3(xx四川,C)體裁:記敘文　詞數(shù):293 A schoolgirl saved her father??s life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(過敏的)reaction which stopped his heart. Izzy,nine,restarted father Colm??s heart by stamping(踩)on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing. Izzy??s mother,Debbie,immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father,so decided to use CPR. However,she quickly discovered her arms weren??t strong enough,so she stamped on her father??s chest instead. Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest pressions(按壓)until the ambulance arrived. Izzy,who has been given a bravery award by her school,said:“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn??t strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.” “She??s a little star,”said Debbie.“I was really upset but Izzy just took over.I just can??t believe what she did.I really think all children should be taught first aid.Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up.Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we??ve got to see an expert.” Truck driver Colm,35,suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital,but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day.The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled,preventing him from breathing,his blood pressure dropped suddenly,and his heart stopped for a moment. He has now made a full recovery from his suffering. 1.Izzy kicked her father in the chest　　　. A.to express her helplessness B.to practise CPR on him C.to keep him awake D.to restart his heart 2.What??s the right order of the events? ①Izzy kicked Colm. ②Debbie called 999. ③Izzy learned CPR. ④Colm??s heart stopped. A.③①②④ B.④②③① C.③④②① D.④③①② 3.What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about? A.What Colm suffered. B.Colm??s present condition. C.What caused Colm??s allergy. D.Symptoms of Colm??s allergic reaction. 4.Why does the author write the news? A.To describe a serious accident. B.To prove the importance of CPR. C.To report a 9-year-old girl??s brave act. D.To call people??s attention to allergic reaction. 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為記敘文,題材是人物故事類。35歲的卡車司機Colm在家中因為過敏而心跳驟停,挽救他生命的不是隨后趕來的救護車,也不是他的妻子,而是他還在上小學的9歲的女兒。你知道這個小女孩是怎么挽救了自己爸爸的生命的嗎?是靠她那雙小腳丫。 1.D　 2.C　 3.A　 4.C　 Passage 4(xx重慶,A)體裁:記敘文　詞數(shù):262 I was never very neat,while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.Each of her objects had its place,but mine always hid somewhere.She even labeled(貼標簽)everything.I always looked for everything.Over time,Kate got neater and I got messier.She would push my dirty clothing over,and I would lay my books on her tidy desk.We both got tired of each other. War broke out one evening.Kate came into the room.Soon,I heard her screaming,“Take your shoes away!Why under my bed!”Deafened,I saw my shoes flying at me.I jumped to my feet and started yelling.She yelled back louder. The room was filled with anger.We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call.Kate answered it.From her end of the conversation,I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill.When she hung up,she quickly crawled(爬)under her covers,sobbing.Obviously,that was something she should not go through alone.All of a sudden,a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart. Slowly,I collected the pencils,took back the books,made my bed,cleaned the socks and swept the floor,even on her side.I got so into my work that I even didn??t notice Kate had sat up.She was watching,her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief.Then,she reached out her hands to grasp mine.I looked up into her eyes.She smiled at me,“Thanks.” Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year.We didn??t always agree,but we learned the key to living together:giving in,cleaning up and holding on. 1.What made Kate so angry one evening? A.She couldn??t find her books. B.She heard the author shouting loud. C.She got the news that her grandma was ill. D.She saw the author??s shoes beneath her bed. 2.The author tidied up the room most probably because　　　. A.she was scared by Kate??s anger B.she hated herself for being so messy C.she wanted to show her care D.she was asked by Kate to do so 3.How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed? A.By analyzing causes. B.By showing differences. C.By describing a process. D.By following time order. 4.What might be the best title for the story? A.My Friend Kate B.Hard Work Pays Off C.How to Be Organized D.Learning to Be Roommates 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為記敘文,題材為社會生活類?！拔摇焙汀拔摇钡氖矣袺ate的生活習慣截然相反:“我”邋里邋遢,而她干干凈凈,終于我們之間爆發(fā)了戰(zhàn)爭。不過我們還是找到了解決問題的辦法:讓步、清理和堅持。 1.D　 2.C　 3.B　 4.D　 Passage 5(xx重慶,E)體裁:議論文　詞數(shù):266 It??s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment.They pay $5 for a caramel brule latte because they like expensive coffee drinks. It??s undeniable that behavior es from our inner dispositions(性情),but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are,as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem,by observing our own behavior.We can be strangers to ourselves.If we knew our own minds,why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior?If our minds were an open book,we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes.Actually,we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are. Moreover,we don??t just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren??t there before.Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us,which we fail to recognize.Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn??t.Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us.We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition. Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make,people bee what they do,though it may not be in pliance(符合)with their true desires.Therefore,we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut??s advice:“We are what we pretend to be,so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.” 1.According to the passage,personalities and attitudes are monly believed to　　　. A.determine one??s behavior B.reflect one??s taste C.influence one??s surroundings D.result from one??s habits 2.Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with? A.The return of a wallet can indicate one??s honesty. B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old. C.One recycles plastics to protect the environment. D.One buys latte out of true love of coffee. 3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage? A.We fail to realize our inner dispositions. B.We can be influenced by outside pressures. C.Our behavior is the result of our true desires. D.Our characters can shape our social relationships. 4.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage? A.Personalities and attitudes. B.Preferences and habits. C.Behavior and personalities. D.Attitudes and preferences. 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為議論文,題材為社會生活類。作者對人的行為和性格之間的關(guān)系進行了探討。最后用Kurt Vonnegut的一句話進行了總結(jié):我們將自己偽裝成什么,我們就是什么。所以,當我們偽裝時,一定要謹慎呀! 1.A　 2.A　 3.B　 4.C　 Passage 6(xx山東,C)體裁:記敘文　詞數(shù):255 Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves.At the age of six months she was acquired,along with her sister,by John Ashley,a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder.She became known as “Mumbet”or “Mum Bett”. For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family.One day,Ashley??s wife tried to strike Mumbet??s sister with a spade.Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead.Furious,she left the house and refused to e back.When the Ashleys tried to make her return,Mumbet consulted a lawyer,Theodore Sedgewick.With his help,Mumbet sued(起訴)for her freedom. While serving the Ashleys,Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution.If the constitution said that all people were free and equal,then she thought it should apply to her.Eventually,Mumbet won her freedom—the first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution. Strangely enough,after the trial,the Ashleys asked Mumbet to e back and work for them as a paid employee.She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick.Mumbet died in 1829,but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔).One of her great-grandchildren was W.E.B.Du Bois,one of the founders of the NAACP,and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights. Mumbet??s tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.It reads,in part:“She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years.She could neither read nor write,yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.” 1.What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1? A.She was born a slave. B.She was a slaveholder. C.She had a famous sister. D.She was born into a rich family. 2.Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys? A.She found an employer. B.She wanted to be a lawyer. C.She was hit and got angry. D.She had to take care of her sister. 3.What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new constitution? A.She should always obey her owners?? orders. B.She should be as free and equal as whites. C.How to be a good servant. D.How to apply for a job. 4.What did Mumbet do after the trial? A.She chose to work for a lawyer. B.She founded the NAACP. C.She continued to serve the Ashleys. D.She went to live with her grandchildren. 5.What is the text mainly about? A.A story of a famous writer and spokesperson. B.The friendship between a lawyer and a slave. C.The life of a brave African American woman. D.A trial that shocked the whole world. 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文為記敘文,題材為人物故事類。在美國奴隸制時代一個名叫Mumbet的女奴通過自己的努力和律師的幫助,成了馬薩諸塞州第一個獲得自由的奴隸。她的精神一直在影響著她的子孫后代。 1.A　 2.C　 3.B　 4.A　 5.C　 Passage 7(xx山東,D)體裁:說明文　詞數(shù):282 How fit are your teeth?Are you lazy about brushing them?Never fear:An inventor is on the case.An electric toothbrush senses how long and how well you brush,and it lets you track your performance on your phone. The Kolibree toothbrush was exhibited at the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week.It senses how it is moved and can send the information to an Android phone or iPhone via a Bluetooth wireless connection. The toothbrush will be able to teach you to brush right(Don??t forget the insides of the teeth!)and make sure you??re brushing long enough.“It??s kind of like having a dentist actually watch your brushing on a day-to-day basis,”says Thomas Serval,the French inventor. The toothbrush will also be able to talk to other applications on your phone,so developers could,for instance,create a game controlled by your toothbrush.You could score points for beating monsters among your teeth.“We try to make it smart but also fun,”Serval says. Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father.He would e home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth.They said “yes”,but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry.He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed. The pany says the Kolibree will go on sale this summer,for $99 to $199,depending on features.The U.S.is the first target market. Serval says that one day,it??ll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera.The camera can even examine holes in your teeth while you brush. 1.Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush? A.It can sense how users brush their teeth. B.It can track users?? school performance. C.It can detect users?? fear of seeing a dentist. D.It can help users find their phones. 2.What can we learn from Serval??s words in Paragraph 3? A.You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist. B.You should see your dentist on a day-to-day basis. C.You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist. D.You??d like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day. 3.Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun? A.It can be used to update mobile phones. B.It can be used to play mobile phone games. C.It can send messages to other users. D.It can talk to its developers. 4.What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A.How Serval found out his kids lied to him. B.Why Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary. C.How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth. D.What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush. 5.What can we infer about Serval??s children? A.They were unwilling to brush their teeth. B.They often failed to clean their toothbrushes. C.They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head. D.They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home. 6.What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree? A.The brush handle will be removed. B.A mobile phone will be built into it. C.It will be used to fill holes in teeth. D.It will be able to check users?? teeth. 答案 [語篇解讀]　本文是一篇說明文,題材為科普知識類。一位發(fā)明者發(fā)明了一種電子牙刷,它不僅可以幫人們正確刷牙,而且還可以通過藍牙和手機上的應用程序連接起來。 1.A　 2.C　 3.B　 4.D　 5.A　 6.D　 Passage 8(xx福建,A)體裁:記敘文　詞數(shù):335 It was Mother??s Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with my five-year-old son,Tenyson.As we were leaving,we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.Her husband was with her,but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock. Walking towards the scene,Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple.He said to me,“Mum,it??s not much fun falling over in front of everyone.” At the front of the supermarket,a charity(慈善)group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds.Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower.“It will make her feel better,”he said.I was amazed that he??d e up with this sweet idea.So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.“Just take it,”she replied.“I can??t take your money for such a wonderful gesture.” By now paramedics(急救人員)had arrived,and were attending to the injured woman.As we walked up to her,my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment.He said he was just too scared to go up to her. Instead I gave the flower to the woman??s husband and told him,“My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.” At that,the old man started crying and said,“Thank you so much,you have a wonderful son.Happy Mother??s Day to you.” The man then bent down and gave his wife the flower,telling her who it was from.Though badly hurt and shaken,the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile. 1.What does the author intend to tell us? A.One can never be too careful. B.Actions speak louder than words. C.Love begins with a little smile. D.A small act of kindness brings a great joy. 2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.The elder