2019年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項(xiàng)突破 考點(diǎn)精講 第五節(jié) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài).doc

《2019年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項(xiàng)突破 考點(diǎn)精講 第五節(jié) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài).doc》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2019年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項(xiàng)突破 考點(diǎn)精講 第五節(jié) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài).doc（7頁珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

2019年高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項(xiàng)突破 考點(diǎn)精講 第五節(jié) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)考點(diǎn)一主要時(shí)態(tài)的考查1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)以及經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。He often gets up at six in the morning.他經(jīng)常早上6點(diǎn)起床。(2)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。As we know, light travels faster than sound.眾所周知，光比聲音傳播得快。(3)在時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。As long as it doesnt rain tomorrow, well have a trip on schedule.只要明天不下雨，我們就按原計(jì)劃旅行。(4)常用來表示按時(shí)間表、時(shí)刻表、日程表等安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，只限于表示起止的動(dòng)詞如go，e，arrive, leave，start，fly，return等。The live football match starts at 9 oclock this evening.足球?qū)崨r轉(zhuǎn)播今晚9點(diǎn)鐘開始。2一般過去時(shí)(1)表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。Long long ago, there was a war between birds and beasts.很久很久以前，鳥類和獸類發(fā)生過一場戰(zhàn)爭。(2)表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到的事。I didnt know you were here. How long have you been here？我不知道你在這里，你來了多久了？3一般將來時(shí)(1)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用will/shall 動(dòng)詞原形，will還表示臨時(shí)做出的決定。The light is still on. 燈還亮著。Sorry，Ill go and turn it off. 很抱歉，我這就去關(guān)掉。(2)be going to表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做某事，此外，還可以表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象對(duì)未來做出判斷。We are going to buy a new car.我們打算買輛新車。(3)be about to do表示即將發(fā)生的將來動(dòng)作，不與時(shí)間狀語連用。I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我正要?jiǎng)由?，這時(shí)天開始下雨了。(4)be to do表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、職責(zé)、可能性等。You are to report it to the police. 你應(yīng)該報(bào)警。4過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的觀點(diǎn)看將來發(fā)生的行為或存在的狀態(tài)，常用在賓語從句或間接引語中。Last week he promised that he would be back, but he hasnt arrived until now.上周他答應(yīng)要回來，但是到現(xiàn)在還未到。5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。We are making model planes these days.這些天我們?cè)谧鲲w機(jī)模型。(2)表示說話人對(duì)主語的行為表贊嘆或厭惡等，常與always，constantly，continually等副詞連用。He is always asking the same question.他老是問同一個(gè)問題。(3)表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常限于go，e，leave，start，arrive，take，meet等表示趨向的動(dòng)詞。He is leaving for Beijing to attend an important meeting tomorrow.明天他要去北京參加一個(gè)重要會(huì)議。6過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。We were discussing the plan the whole morning yesterday.昨天整個(gè)上午我們正在討論這個(gè)計(jì)劃。(2)某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，其中一個(gè)動(dòng)作一般存在于由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，持續(xù)性動(dòng)作用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)。He fell asleep when he was reading a book.他看書時(shí)睡著了。7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)到說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束。The prices have gone down, but I wonder whether they will remain so.價(jià)格已降下來了，但我不知道是否會(huì)繼續(xù)這樣。(2)在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可代替將來。I wont believe it until I have seen it with my own eyes.直到我親眼見到才相信。(3)This/It is the first/second.time that從句，that從句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is the first time that I have been here.這是我第一次來這里。8過去完成時(shí)(1)表示某一動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前，即“過去的過去”。By the end of last month, we had finished all the work.截止到上月底，我們已經(jīng)完成了所有的工作。(2)表示過去本打算實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望或計(jì)劃，常見的有had hoped/wanted/ expected /meant /intended等。I had hoped to send him a Christmas card , but I forgot to do so.我本來想送他一張圣誕節(jié)賀卡，但把這事給忘了。(3)在hardly . when .，no sooner. than .句式中hardly，no sooner所在句子用過去完成時(shí)，when和than所在的句子用一般過去時(shí)，表示“一就”。No sooner had he rushed out than the house fell down.他剛沖出去房子就塌了?？键c(diǎn)二易混時(shí)態(tài)辨析1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性或不以時(shí)間的變化而發(fā)生改變的動(dòng)作。(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Teenagers are damaging their health because they play puter games too much.青少年正在損害自己的健康，因?yàn)樗麄兺娴碾娔X游戲太多了。2一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的完成，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生過且已結(jié)束，著眼于結(jié)果。(2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的未完成性、持續(xù)性、著眼于過程。He wrote a letter last night. 昨天他寫了一封信。(暗指已寫完)He was writing a letter at 9 oclock last night.昨晚9點(diǎn)他正在寫信。(不一定寫完)3一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)一般過去時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作時(shí)間是具體確定的，與其他時(shí)間沒有牽連。(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響。I came to Beijing last year and have been here ever since.我去年來到北京，然后一直住在這里。4一般過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)(1)一般過去時(shí)側(cè)重發(fā)生在過去的客觀事實(shí)。(2)過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，一定有一個(gè)表示過去的參照點(diǎn)。When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour.當(dāng)杰克到時(shí)，瑪麗已離開接近一個(gè)小時(shí)了。5一般將來時(shí)與將來進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)一般將來時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。(2)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)將來某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Tomorrow I will tell you some of the work I have done.明天我將告訴你關(guān)于我已經(jīng)完成的一些工作。I cant e tomorrow. I will be having a meeting this time tomorrow.明天我不能來，因?yàn)槊魈爝@個(gè)時(shí)候我將正在開會(huì)。6現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響。(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在一段時(shí)期內(nèi)某些活動(dòng)的持續(xù)性，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作本身。I have thought it over.我已經(jīng)仔細(xì)考慮過這件事了。I have been thinking it over.我一直在仔細(xì)考慮這件事?？键c(diǎn)三被動(dòng)語態(tài)的考查1常見被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以do為例)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are done一般過去時(shí)：was/were done一般將來時(shí)：shall/will be done過去將來時(shí)：should/would be done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are being done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were being done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has been done過去完成時(shí)：had been doneThe book was written by a young writer.這本書是由一位年輕作家寫的。The hall is being built.I wonder when it will be finished.大廳正在修建，我想知道何時(shí)完成?！军c(diǎn)津】不及物動(dòng)詞及短語不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常見的有：rise，break out，take place，run out，give out(用完，耗盡)等。My money has run out.Can you lend me some?我的錢用完了，你能借給我一些嗎？(不能用has been run out)2被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊形式：get/bee done，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化。His car got damaged in a road accident.他的車在一次交通事故中被毀了。3主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義(1)表示狀態(tài)、特征的系動(dòng)詞如look，sound，smell，taste，feel，prove等。The soup smells good but tastes terrible.這種湯聞起來不錯(cuò)，但太難喝了。(2)表示主語某種屬性、特征的動(dòng)詞如read，sell，write，wash，wear等。This kind of book sells well. 這種書很暢銷。(3)表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞如begin，start，finish，stop，open，close等。The shop closes at 6 pm. every day.商店每天下午6點(diǎn)關(guān)門。 4被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示主動(dòng)含義，常見的有be married, be seated，be dressed in，be devoted to，be lost in，be addicted to等。The boy was lost in thought. 這個(gè)男孩正在深思。(對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第245頁).用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)完成下列句子1A new approach to the traffic problem _ (adopt)at the meeting the other day.【解析】句意：前幾天關(guān)于解決交通問題的一種新方法在會(huì)議上被采用。分析句子成分可知，adopt與A new approach之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語the other day可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！敬鸢浮縲as adopted2If I e back in an hour，do you think the manager will see me?Im very sorry，sir，but he _(have)a meeting.【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示那時(shí)他將正在開會(huì)，have a meeting這一動(dòng)作在將來的某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行，故用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縲ill be having3When she returned home，Rose found her puter _(remove)and she was very confused.【解析】分析句子成分可知，remove與puter構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，根據(jù)句意可知，remove這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在returned之前，故此處應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縣ad been removed4Before her first Harry Potter came out in 1997，J.K.Rowling _(teach)English for a living in Portugal.【解析】句意：在J.K.Rowling的第一部哈利波特于1997年出版之前，她一直在葡萄牙靠教英語謀生。根據(jù)句意可知，教英語這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在1997年之前，表示過去的過去，所以用過去完成時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縣ad taught5In general，most tennis _ (play)on hard courts or on clay.【解析】play和tennis之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；且根據(jù)句中的In general可知，這里表示一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縤s played6Siberian Tigers _(hunt) and killed at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.【解析】句意：以這種速度獵殺西伯利亞虎，它們?cè)诓贿h(yuǎn)的將來就會(huì)從地球上消失。此處敘述的是現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情，而且hunt與Siberian Tigers之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！敬鸢浮縜re being hunted7A lot of attention _ (pay)to greenhouse gas emission.Look at those posters for environmental protection.【解析】句意：溫室氣體的排放得到了很多關(guān)注?？茨切╆P(guān)于環(huán)境保護(hù)的海報(bào)。根據(jù)“Look at”可知此處指的是現(xiàn)在的情況，且pay與attention之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！敬鸢浮縤s being paid8My wife _ (work) the night shift when my plane _ (arrive)Thats why no one is to meet me at the airport today.【解析】根據(jù)“is to meet”可知，此處表示將來的情況，沒人接機(jī)的原因是“當(dāng)飛機(jī)抵達(dá)時(shí)，我的妻子將正在上夜班”，所以主句用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，而時(shí)間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。【答案】will be working；arrives9The rocket designer has died.For many years，he _ (serve) as an important assistant.【解析】句意：那位火箭設(shè)計(jì)師去世了，在很多年里，他曾是一名重要助手。此處談?wù)摰氖前l(fā)生在過去的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縮erved10Oh，God！Somebody _(break)the cup.It wasnt me.I didnt do it.【解析】句意：啊，天呀！有人把杯子打碎了。不是我，我沒有打碎它。根據(jù)答語可知，杯子被人打碎發(fā)生在過去，且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了一定的影響，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縣as broken11Was Tom there when you arrived?Yes，but he _ (go)home soon afterwards.【解析】結(jié)合問句中的時(shí)態(tài)可知，此處敘述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，所以用一般過去時(shí)。另外，答句句末的時(shí)間狀語soon afterwards也是線索提示?！敬鸢浮縲ent12Lucy has changed a lot since she got her new job.Recently she _ (do)her work quite well.【解析】句意：自從露茜獲得了她的新工作后，她變了很多。最近她一直都很出色地完成她的工作。根據(jù)Recently可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在且現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行?！敬鸢浮縣as been doing13The car pany _ (promise)to recall the vehicle for ages，but so far nothing has happened yet.【解析】句意：汽車公司已經(jīng)承諾召回車輛很長時(shí)間了，但到目前為止也沒什么動(dòng)靜。根據(jù)句中的“for ages”和“nothing has happened”可知，promise這一動(dòng)作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并將有可能繼續(xù)下去，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縣as been promising14In the past several weeks，many cities in Northern China _ (suffer) from heavy fogs，causing great inconvenience to people.【解析】句意：在過去的幾個(gè)星期里，中國北方的許多城市一直遭受著濃霧天氣，給人們帶來了極大的不便。由“In the past several weeks”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去，且many cities與suffer之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。故要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縣ave been suffering15When Lily came to herself，she did not know how long she _ (lie)in the cave.【解析】句意：當(dāng)莉莉蘇醒時(shí)，她不知道自己躺在洞穴里多長時(shí)間了。根據(jù)句意可知lie這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在came之前，且一直在持續(xù)，所以用過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縣ad been lying.語法填空用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)或語態(tài)完成短文。My job as a pilotMy name is Robert Arthur.I work as a pilot for a major mercial airline.I _1_(work)as a pilot for over 30 years.After college I went into the US.Air Force，where I _2_(serve)for ten years.After I left the Air Force，I got a job with a major mercial airline and _3_(fly)mercially ever since.Lately I have been thinking about retirement because pilots have to _4_(retire)at the age of 60.People have often asked me how I _5_(bee) interested in flying.Like most pilots，my interest in aviation(航空) _6_(go)back to my childhood，when I _7_(watch)birds and airplanes fly through the sky.My job has taken me away from my home and my family much of the time.Ive lived in many locations.For the past few years，however，I _8_(live)in Pittsburgh.To be a pilot，I have had to make many sacrifices.But there is nothing else Id rather _9_(do)For me，flying _10_(present)a perspective of how one fits in with the rest of the world.【答案】1have been working根據(jù)后面的over 30 years可知此處表示從過去到現(xiàn)在一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而且以后也可能繼續(xù)下去，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。2served此處表示過去的動(dòng)作，故用一般過去時(shí)。3have been flying根據(jù)后面的時(shí)間狀語ever since可知此處表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作根據(jù)首句可知，“我”現(xiàn)在仍是一名飛行員。故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。4retirehave to do sth.“不得不做某事”為固定句式。5became根據(jù)上下文可知“我”對(duì)“飛行”感興趣是過去的動(dòng)作。故用一般過去時(shí)became。6goes此處指現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作“對(duì)航空的興趣要追溯到童年”。7watched此處指童年時(shí)期的動(dòng)作，故用一般過去時(shí)。8have been living根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“the past few years”可知，此處表示從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。9do此處為固定句式would rather do“寧愿做某事”。10presents根據(jù)下文的“fits”可知此處表示現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。