初中英語(yǔ)全程知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)WORD

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..初一年級(jí)（上）【知識(shí)梳理】 I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) II. 重要句型1. Sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shopping1. help sb. do sth.2. What about…?3. Let’s do sth.4. It’s time to do sth.5. It’s time for …6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s…7. Where is…? It’s….8. How old are you? I’m….9. What class are you in? I’m in….10. Welcome to….11. What’s …plus…? It’s….12. I think…13. Who’s this? This is….14. What can you see？ I can see….15. There is (are) ….16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)…17. Whose …is this? It’s….18. What time is it? It’s….III. 交際用語(yǔ) IV. 重要語(yǔ)法1. Good morning, Miss/Mr….2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you! You’re welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. What’s your name? My name is ….9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Who’s on duty today?11. Let’s do.12. Let me see.1. 動(dòng)詞 be 的用法；2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；4. 冠詞的基本用法；5. There be 句型的用法?！久麕熤v解】1. in/on在表示空間位置時(shí)，in 表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi)， on 表示在某一個(gè)物體的表面之上。例如：There is a bird in the tree. 樹(shù)上有只鳥(niǎo)。There is a picture on the wall. 墻上有張圖。2. this/that/these/those(1)this 常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上更接近講話人的人和事，these 是 this 的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that 常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事，those 時(shí) that 的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.你看看這個(gè)盒子，我去看那邊的那個(gè)盒子。..I want this car, not that car. 我想要這輛小汽車，不是那一輛。Take these books to his room, please. 請(qǐng)把這些書(shū)拿到他房間去。This is mine; that’s yours. 這個(gè)是我的，那個(gè)是你的。These are apples; those are oranges. 這些是蘋果，那些是橘子。(2)在打電話的用語(yǔ)中，this 常常指的是我，that 常常指的是對(duì)方。例如：This is Mary speaking. Who’s that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰(shuí)？3. There be/ haveThere be "有"，其確切含意為" 某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物。" 其結(jié)構(gòu)是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。There be 后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語(yǔ)，be 動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致，be 動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用 is，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用 are。例如：(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可樂(lè)。(2) There is a doll in the box. 那個(gè)盒子里有個(gè)娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那樹(shù)上有許多蘋果。總之，There be 結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的 "有"。have 表示" 擁有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主語(yǔ)一般是名詞或代詞，與主語(yǔ)是所屬關(guān)系。例如：(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)姐姐。(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四個(gè)房間。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧” ，著重指認(rèn)真看，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作，表示有意識(shí)地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒對(duì)方注意。，如：Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲。Look! What’s that over there? 看！那邊那個(gè)是什么？單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞，如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞 at，才能帶賓語(yǔ)，如：He’s looking at me。他正在看著我。(2)see 強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，著重的是 look 這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，意思是“看到”，see 是及物動(dòng)詞，后面能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。如：What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“觀看，注視 ”，側(cè)重于場(chǎng)面，表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，常用于“ 看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場(chǎng)足球比賽。4. put on/ / in put on 意為“穿上，戴上 ”。主要指“穿上”這一動(dòng)作, 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。in 是介詞，表示“ 穿著” 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語(yǔ)、標(biāo)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。如：It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿白色襯衣的那個(gè)婦女是 John 的媽媽。5. house/ home/familyhouse ：“房子 ”，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”，指一個(gè)人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方 ; Family: “家庭“ ，“家庭成員”。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來(lái)。He is not at home. 他不在家。..My family all get up early. 我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容詞表示"好 "之意，但前三者既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)，而后者僅用作表語(yǔ)。主要區(qū)別在于：(1) fine 指物時(shí)表示的是質(zhì)量上的"精細(xì)" ，形容人時(shí)表示的是"身體健康" ，也 可以用來(lái)指"天氣晴朗 "。例如：Your parents are very fine. 你父母身體很健康。That's a fine machine. 那是一臺(tái)很好的機(jī)器。It's a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好時(shí)候。(2)nice 主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表，有"美好" ，"漂亮"的意思，也可用于問(wèn)候或贊揚(yáng)別人。例如：Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 見(jiàn)到你很高興。It's very nice of you. 你真好。(3)good 形容人時(shí)指"品德好"，形容物時(shí)指"質(zhì)量好" ，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語(yǔ)。例如：Her son is a good student. 她兒子是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。The red car is very good. 那輛紅色小汽車很好。(4)well 只可用來(lái)形容人的"身體好" ，但不能作定語(yǔ)，它也能用作副詞作狀語(yǔ)，多放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后。例如：I'm very well, thanks. 我身體很好，謝謝。My friends sing well. 我的朋友們歌唱得好?！究键c(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：1. 動(dòng)詞 be 的用法；2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；4. 冠詞的基本用法；5. There be 句型的用法。6. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型；7. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的日常交際用語(yǔ)。考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。【中考范例】1. (2004 年北京市中考試題)Mary, please show ________ your picture.A. my B. mine C. I D. me【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。本題中動(dòng)詞 show 后面跟雙賓語(yǔ)，空白處應(yīng)填入人稱代詞的賓格 me 作賓語(yǔ)。2. (2004 年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題 )_________ orange on the desk is for you, Mike.A. A B.An C. / D. The..【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是冠詞的基本用法。因?yàn)槭翘刂刚n桌上的那個(gè)橘子，所以用定冠詞 the。3. (2004 年哈爾濱市中考試題 )---What _______ the number of the girls in your class?---About twenty.A. is B. am C. are D. be【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞 be 的用法和主謂一致。 the number 作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該是單數(shù)第三人稱，動(dòng)詞 be 變?yōu)?is。4. (2004 年陜西省中考試題)There _______ a football match on TV this evening.A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是 There be…句型和動(dòng)詞 have 用法區(qū)別。There be 句型本身就表示“在某個(gè)地方存在某個(gè)人或物”，不能和動(dòng)詞 have 混在一起用。初一年級(jí)（下）【知識(shí)梳理】 I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) III. 交際用語(yǔ)1. a bottle of2. a little3. a lot (of)4. all day5. be from6. be over7. come back8. come from9. do one’s homework10. do the shopping11. get down12. get home13. get to14. get up15. go shopping16. have a drink of17. have a look18. have breakfast 19. have lunch20. have supper21. listen to22. not…at all23. put…away24. take off25. throw it like that26. would like27. in the middle of the day28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening29. on a farm1. —Thanks very much!—You're welcome.2. Put it/them away.3. What's wrong?4. I think so.I don't think so.5. I want to take some books to the classroom.6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.9. What's your favourite sport?10. Don't worry.11.I’m (not) good at basketball.12. Do you want a go?13. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.15. We / They have some CDs.We / They don’t have any CDs.16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow?---It’s Monday.17. ---May I borrow your colour pens, please?---Certainly. Here you are.18. ---Where are you from?---From Beijing.19. What's your telephone number in New York?20. ---Do you like hot dogs?---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)---No, I don't. ( I don't like them at all.)21. ---What does your mother like?---She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22. ---When do you go to school every day?---I go to school at 7:00 every day...30. in a factor 23. ---What time does he go to bed in the evening?---He goes to bed at 10:00. II. 重要句型 IV. 重要語(yǔ)法1. Let sb. do sth.2. Could sb. do sth.?3. would like sth.4. would like to do sth.5. What about something to eat?6. How do you spell …?7. May I borrow…?1.人稱代詞的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法；4．動(dòng)詞 have 的用法；5．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成和用法；6．可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法【名師講解】1. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.That’s right 意為“對(duì)的” ，表示贊同對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)、看法或行為，肯定對(duì)方的答案或判斷。例如："I think we must help the old man.""我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。""That's right."或 "You're right.""說(shuō)得對(duì)"。That’s all right.意為“不用謝”、“ 沒(méi)關(guān)系”，用來(lái)回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如："Many thanks." "That's all right.""Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right."All right.意為“行了”、“ 可以” ，表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。有時(shí)還可以表示“身體很好”"Please tell me about it." "請(qǐng)把此事告訴我。 ""All right.""好吧。"Is your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎2. make/do這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為“做” ，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make 指做東西或制造東西，do 指做一件具體的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎？He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作業(yè)。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口語(yǔ)化的最普通的一個(gè)詞，意為“說(shuō)出”、“ 說(shuō)道 ”，著重所說(shuō)的話。如：“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他說(shuō)，“我要坐汽車到那里去?！盤lease say it in English .請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)。speak : “說(shuō)話” ，著重開(kāi)口發(fā)聲，不著重所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語(yǔ) ) 。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能說(shuō)說(shuō)他的情況？I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說(shuō)話。speak 作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí)，只能和某種語(yǔ)言等連用，表達(dá)在對(duì)話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好。talk : 與 speak 意義相近，也著重說(shuō)話的動(dòng)作，而不著重所說(shuō)的話，因此，一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞， 不過(guò)，talk 暗示話是對(duì)某人說(shuō)的，有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話意味，著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他談那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。..tell : “告訴”，除較少情況外，一般后面總接雙賓語(yǔ)。如：He’s telling me a story.他在給我講故事。tell a lie 撒謊tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking 作“做飯” 解，屬泛指。 do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking 為動(dòng)名詞，不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，但前面可用 some, much 修飾。從 do some cooking 可引出許多類似的短語(yǔ)：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 買些東西do some reading 讀書(shū)do some writing 寫(xiě)些東西do some fishing 釣魚(yú)從以上短語(yǔ)可引申出另一類短語(yǔ)，不能用 some, much 或定冠詞。go shopping 去買東西go fishing 去釣魚(yú)go boating 去劃船go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth. 與 like to do sth. 意思相同，但用法有區(qū)別。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛(ài)好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性；后來(lái)表示一次性和偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如：He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming.他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和李明踢。6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother 表其余的，別的，Have you any other questions?你還有其他問(wèn)題嗎?others 別的人，別的東西In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美國(guó)人,其他的是法國(guó)人。the other 表另一個(gè)（二者之中） one…，the other…One of my two brothers studies English, 　the other studies Chinese.我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。another 表三者以上的另一個(gè)，另一些There is room for another few books on the shelf.書(shū)架上還可以放點(diǎn)書(shū)。7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree 與 on the tree.譯成中文均為"在樹(shù)上" 但英語(yǔ)中有區(qū)別。 in the tree 表示某人、某事（不屬于樹(shù)本身生長(zhǎng)出的別的東西）落在樹(shù)上，表示樹(shù)的枝、葉、花、果等長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上時(shí)，要使用on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree. 那棵樹(shù)上有些蘋果。There is a bird in the tree. 那棵樹(shù)上有只鳥(niǎo)。8. some/ any (1)some 和 any 既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要 注意。some 常用于肯定句中，any 常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。如：..There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isn't any water in the glass.(2)在說(shuō)話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問(wèn)句中，或在表示請(qǐng)求，邀請(qǐng)的疑問(wèn)句中，我們依然用some。如：Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high (1)說(shuō)人，動(dòng)物，樹(shù)木等有生命的東西，主要用 tall，不用 high，例如 a tall woman 一個(gè)高個(gè)子?jì)D女a(chǎn) tall horse 一個(gè)高大的馬 (2)說(shuō)一個(gè)不與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí)，要用 high，而不用 tall，比如人站在桌子上時(shí)，飛機(jī)飛上天時(shí)，例如： He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在樹(shù)上。 The plane is so high in the sky. 飛機(jī)在空中這么高。 (3)指建筑物、山時(shí)要 tall 或 high 都可以，不過(guò) high 的程度比 tall 高。 (4)high 可作副詞， tall 不能。 (5)tall 的反義詞為 short, high 的反義詞為 low.10. can/ could(1) can 表示體力和腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作的" 能力"。例如：Can you ride a bike？ 你會(huì)騎自行車嗎？What can I do for you？ 要幫忙嗎？Can you make a cake？你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎？(2) can 用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人的" 懷疑"" 猜測(cè)" 或不肯定。例如：Where can he be？他會(huì)在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎？It surely can't be six o'clock already？不可能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧？You can't be hungry so soon， Tom，you've just had lunch.湯姆，你不可能餓得這么快，你剛吃過(guò)午飯。What can he mean？他會(huì)是什么意思？在日常會(huì)話中，can 可代替 may 表示"允許"，may 比較正式。例如：You can come in any time.你隨時(shí)都可以來(lái)。--- Can I use your pen？我能用你的鋼筆嗎？--- Of course，you can.當(dāng)然可以。You can have my seat，I'm going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3) couldcould 是 can 的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去有過(guò)的能力和可能性（在否定和疑問(wèn)句中）。例如：The doctor said he could help him.（能力）醫(yī)生說(shuō)他能幫助他。..Lily could swim when she was four years old.（能力）當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時(shí)候她就會(huì)游泳。At that time we thought the story could be true.（可能性）那時(shí)我們以為所說(shuō)的可能是真的。could 可代替 can 表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，但語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如：Could I speak to John，please？我能和約翰說(shuō)話嗎？Could you？在口語(yǔ)中表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎？Could you please ring again at six？六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再打電話好嗎？(4) can 的形式只有現(xiàn)在式 can 和過(guò)去式 could 兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過(guò)去兩種時(shí)態(tài)，有時(shí)也能表示將來(lái)。所有其他時(shí)態(tài)（包括將來(lái)時(shí)）須用 be able to 加動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)表示。例如：They have not been able to come to Beijing.他們沒(méi)有能到北京來(lái)。11. look for/ findlook for 意為“ 尋找” ，而 find 意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，前者強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”這一動(dòng)作，并不注重“找” 的結(jié)果，而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)“找” 的結(jié)果。例如：She can’t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is looking for his watch，but he can’t find it.湯姆正在尋找他的手表，但沒(méi)能找到。12. be sleeping/ be asleepbe sleeping 表示動(dòng)作，意思是“ 正在睡覺(jué)”；be asleep 表示狀態(tài)，意思是“睡著了”。如：---What are the children doing in the room? 孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么？---They are sleeping.他們正在睡覺(jué)。The children are asleep now.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。13. often/ usually/sometimesoften 表示"經(jīng)常"，sometimes 表示" 有時(shí)候"，在表示發(fā)生頻率上 often 要高于 usually，usually要高于 sometimes。這三個(gè)詞表示的是經(jīng)常性，一般性的動(dòng)作或情況，常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，常位于主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面，其他謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（be 動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞）的后面，有時(shí)也可位于句尾。如果要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，則放在句首。 We usually play basketball after school.我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有時(shí)，我睡覺(jué)很早。He often reads English in the morning.他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語(yǔ)。14. How much/ How manyhow much 常用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某一商品的價(jià)格，常見(jiàn)句式是 How much is / are…?How much is the skirt? 這條裙子多少錢？How much are the bananas? 這些香蕉多少錢？how much 后加不可數(shù)名詞，表示數(shù)量，意為“多少“，how many 后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀？How many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少人？15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at..be good for 表示" 對(duì)……有好處 "，而 be bad for 表示"對(duì) ……有害" ；be good to 表示"對(duì)……友好" ，而 be bad to 表示" 對(duì)…… 不好"；be good at 表示" 擅長(zhǎng)，在……方面做得好"，而 be bad at表示" 在……方面做得不好 "。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛有好處。Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多對(duì)你的身體有害。Miss Li is good to all of us.李老師對(duì)我們所有的人都很友好。The boss is bad to his workers.這個(gè)老板對(duì)他的工人不好。Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅長(zhǎng)畫(huà)畫(huà)，但是我不擅長(zhǎng)。16. each/ everyeach 和 every 都有"每一個(gè)" 的意思，但含義和用法不相同。each 從個(gè)體著眼，every 從整體著眼。each 可用于兩者或兩者以上，every 只用于三者或三者以上。We each have a new book.我們每人各有一本新書(shū)。There are trees on each side of the street.街的兩旁有樹(shù)。He gets up early every morning.每天早晨他都起得早。each 可以用作形容詞、副詞和代詞；every 只能用作形容詞。Each of them has his own duty.他們各人有各人的義務(wù)。They each want to do something different.他們每個(gè)人都想做不同的事情。17. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示說(shuō)話者的能力，還有自然現(xiàn)象；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（構(gòu)成方式為 am/is /are/+doing）。I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作業(yè)。I'm doing my homework now.我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與 now, these days, at the moment 或 Look, listen 等詞連用；而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays 等連用。We often clean the classroom after school.我們經(jīng)常放學(xué)后打掃教室。Look! They are cleaning the classroom .看！他們正在打掃教室呢?！究键c(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：1．動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法，人稱代詞的用法，可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法。2．本冊(cè)書(shū)中常見(jiàn)的交際用語(yǔ)3．本冊(cè)書(shū)中一些重點(diǎn)的詞組和短語(yǔ)考試形式往往是單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文改錯(cuò)和短文填空。【中考范例】1.（2004 年安徽省中考試題）---Hurry up! We’re all waiting for you.---I ________ for an important phone call. Go without me...A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited【解析】答案：C。表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。2. (2004 年長(zhǎng)春市中考試題)Could you help ____ with _______ English, please?A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I【解析】答案：C。第一個(gè)空作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格 me, 第二個(gè)空作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞 my。3.(2004 年長(zhǎng)春市中考試題)Dr. White can _______ French very well.A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell【解析】答案：A。說(shuō)什麼語(yǔ)言常用動(dòng)詞 speak。4.（2004 年黃岡中考試題）English is spoken by ______ people.A. a lot B. much many C. a large number of D. a great deal of【解析】答案：C。只有 a large number of 能用來(lái)修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 people。初二年級(jí)（上）【知識(shí)梳理】 I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) III. 交際用語(yǔ)1. on time 2. best wishes 3. give a talk 4. for example 5. short for6. a waste of time7. go on a field trip8. go fishing9. I agree10. next week11. the day after tomorrow12. have a picnic13. have some problems doing sth.14. go the wrong way15. hurry up16. get together17. in the open air18. on Mid-Autumn Day19. come over20. have to 21. get home 22. agree with 23. in the country24. in town 25. all the same26. in front of27. on the left/right side28. next to 29. up and down30. keep healthy31. grow up32. at the same time33. the day before yesterday35. last Saturday1.Welcome backto school!2.Excuse me. I’m sorry I’m late, because the traffic is bad. 3.It doesn’t matter.4.Happy Teachers’ Day !5.That’s a good idea.6.What are you going to do？7.Where are we going ?8.What are we going to do ? 9.I’m good at…10.It’s not far from…11. Are you free tomorrow evening?12.Would you and Lily like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn Festival?13.I’m glad you can come.14.Thanks for asking us.15.How about another one?16.May I have a taste?17.Let me walk with you.18.What do you have to do?19.Do you live on a farm?20.Which do you like better, the city or the country?21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens?22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!23.---Let’s make it half past one. ---OK.24.---Why not come a little earlier? ---All right.25.Excuse me. Where’s the nearest post office, please?26.It’s over there on the right.27.I’m sorry I don’t know.28.You’d better…29.Thank you all the same.30.Which bus do I take?31.Go along this road...36. half an hour ago37. a moment ago38. just now39. by the way40. all the time41. at first32.What day was it yesterday?33.I’m sorry to hear that.34.I hope you’re better now.35.Why did you call me?36.I called to tell…II. 重要句型 IV. 重要語(yǔ)法1. have fun doing sth. 2. Why don’t you…?3. We’re going to do sth.4. start with sth.5. Why not…? 6. Are you going to…?7. be friendly to sb.8. You’d better do sth.9. ask sb. for sth.10. say goodbye to sb.11. Good luck(with sb)!1.be going to 的用法；2.形容詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)；3.形容詞和副詞的比較4.一般過(guò)去時(shí)【名師講解】1. on the street / in the street表示“在街上”時(shí)，on the street 和 in the street 都可以，在美國(guó)多用 on the street, 在英國(guó)多用 in the street. 例如：We have a house in the street. 我們?cè)诮稚嫌凶孔?。I met him on the street. 我在街上遇見(jiàn)了他。2. would like / like would like 和 like 含義不同。like 意思是“喜歡”，“愛(ài)好”，而 would like 意思是“想要”。試比較：I like beer.=I’m fond of beer. 我喜歡喝啤酒。I’d like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜歡看電影嗎？Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看電影嗎？3. another / the other(1)another 通常用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上或不確定數(shù)量中的任意一個(gè)人或 物體。 例如：May I have another apple, please? 請(qǐng)?jiān)诮o我一個(gè)蘋果好嗎？This coat is too small for me. Please show me another 這件外套我穿太小，請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我拿一件看看。(2)the other 通常指兩者中的另一個(gè)。例如：He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有兩把尺子，一把短的，另一把長(zhǎng)的。I have two brothers. One works in Xi’an . The other works in Beijing. 我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)在西安工作，另一個(gè)在北京工作。4. have to /must (1)have to 和 must 都可以用來(lái)談?wù)摿x務(wù)，但用法略有不同。如果某人主觀上覺(jué)得必須去做而又想去時(shí)，常用 must。如果談?wù)撃撤N來(lái)自 “外界”的義務(wù)，常用 have to。例如：I must stop smoking. 我必須戒煙。（自己想戒煙）They have to work for the boss.他們不得不為那個(gè)老板工作。（條件逼得他們?nèi)スぷ鳎?(2)have to 可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，must 只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：I’ll have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必須早早起床。We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money...為了多掙錢，我們不得不每天長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地工作。(3)用于否定句時(shí)，mustn’t 意思是“決不能”，“禁止” ，而 don’t have to 意思是“不必”，相當(dāng)于needn’t。例如：You mustn’t be late again next time.下一次你決不能再遲到。You don’t have to go there today. You can go there tomorrow.你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。5. hear sb. or sth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“ 聽(tīng)到某人或某物在做某事”，而 hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思是“聽(tīng)到某人或某物做過(guò)某事” 。試比較：I hear him singing an English song.聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他在唱英歌曲。I heard him sing an English song.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他唱一首英文歌。類似 hear 這種用法的還有 see, watch, listen, feel 等感官動(dòng)詞。6. any /someany 和 some 都可以同不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式連用，但 some 一般用在肯定句中；any 用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。試比較：I want some money. 我想要點(diǎn)錢。Have you any money? 你有錢嗎？I don’t have any money. 我一點(diǎn)錢也沒(méi)有。some 有時(shí)也用于疑問(wèn)句，表示說(shuō)話人期待一個(gè)肯定回答或鼓勵(lì)人家說(shuō)“是”。例如：Would you like some more beer?請(qǐng)你再來(lái)點(diǎn)啤酒好嗎？Could I have some rice, please?請(qǐng)給我來(lái)點(diǎn)米飯好嗎？7. hear /listen tolisten to 和 hear 都有“ 聽(tīng)” 的意思，但含義有所不同。Listen to 強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽(tīng)”的動(dòng)作，hear 強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽(tīng)”的結(jié)果。例如：Listen to me ,please! I’m going to tell you a story. 請(qǐng)聽(tīng)我說(shuō)！我給你們講個(gè)故事。Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the next room? 聽(tīng)！你能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人在隔壁房間里哭嗎？I listened, but heard nothing.我聽(tīng)了聽(tīng)，但什么也聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)。hear 后面如果接賓語(yǔ)從句，常常表示“聽(tīng)說(shuō)” 。例如：I hear some foreign students will visit our school.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)一些外國(guó)學(xué)生將要訪問(wèn)我們學(xué)校。I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)今晚我們學(xué)校要演一場(chǎng)電影。 8. Let’s… /Let us…Let’s… 和 Let us… 都表示“讓我們……”, 如果 us 包括聽(tīng)話人在內(nèi)，其含義相同，附帶問(wèn)句用 shall we. 如果 us 不包括聽(tīng)話人在內(nèi)，其含義不同，Let us…的附帶問(wèn)句要用 will you。例如：Let’s go shopping, shall we? 我們?nèi)ベ?gòu)物好嗎？9. take/ bring/ carry /get這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“拿” 和“ 帶”的意思，但含義有所不同。take 意為“帶走”，“拿走”，bring 意為“帶來(lái)”，“拿來(lái) ”, get 表示“ 到別的地方把某人或某物帶來(lái)或拿來(lái)”，carry 不強(qiáng)調(diào)方向，帶有負(fù)重的意思。試比較：My parents often take me there on holidays.我父母常常帶我到那里去度假。I’m going to take you to Beijing.我準(zhǔn)備帶你去北京。Bring me a cup of tea, please.請(qǐng)給我端杯茶來(lái)。I’ll bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本書(shū)給你帶來(lái)。The waiter carried the me to the table 服務(wù)員把肉送到桌上。The monkey carried the bag on her back.猴子把那個(gè)包背在背上。She went back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。Let me get the doctor.讓我去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生吧。 ..10. far away /faraway(1)far away 是一個(gè)副詞短語(yǔ)，意思是“ 很遠(yuǎn)”。例如：Some are far away. Some are nearer.有些離得很遠(yuǎn)，有些離得近一些的。The village is far away from here.那個(gè)村子離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。(2)faraway 是一個(gè)形容詞，意思是“遙遠(yuǎn)的” ，可以在句中作定語(yǔ)。例如：He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的小山村。11. find / look forfind 和 look for 都有“找”的意思，但含義不同。find 強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果，而 look for 強(qiáng)調(diào)“找” 的過(guò)程。請(qǐng)看下列例句：He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行車。I’m looking for my watch, but can’t find it.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。I hope you will soon find your lost ring.希望你盡快找到丟失的戒指。另外，find 還有“ 發(fā)現(xiàn)” ；“感到”等意思。例如：I found a wallet in the desk.我在課桌里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)錢包。I find this book very interesting.我覺(jué)得這本書(shū)很有意思。12. in front of /in the front ofIn front of 表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范圍內(nèi)。In the front of 表示在某物的前部，在某物的范圍內(nèi)。試比較：My seat is in front of Mary’s.我的座位在瑪麗座位的前面。He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.他和司機(jī)坐在小車的前部?！究键c(diǎn)掃描】1. be going to 的用法；2. 形容詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)；3. 形容詞和副詞的比較4. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)5. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型；6. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的日常交際用語(yǔ)?！局锌挤独?. (2004 年煙臺(tái)市中考試題)In the exam, the ________ you are, the ________ mistakes you’ll ma