中考英語專題講練 被動語態(tài)（含解析）.doc

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被動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 知識精講 一、被動語態(tài) 語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示主語和謂語動詞之間的具體關(guān)系，分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞所表示的動作的承受者。 被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般來說，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用“被、受、給”等被動詞來表示被動意義 。其結(jié)構(gòu)是由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞done”構(gòu)成的。be本身無詞義，但有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，其變化與時態(tài)中的變化一致。 各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)表（以動詞do為例）： 時態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 例句 一般現(xiàn)在時 am/is/are+ done The classroom is cleaned by us. 教室被我們打掃。 一般過去時 was/were+ done The kite was made by him yesterday. 昨天，風(fēng)箏被他制作。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 am/is/are+ being+ done Flowers are being watered by her. 花兒現(xiàn)在正在被她澆。 現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has +been+ done The work has been finished by Jim. 工作已經(jīng)被做完。 一般將來時 will/shall/be going to + be done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 明天，樹將被他們種。 過去進(jìn)行時 was/were + being+ done A letter was being written by her at this time yesterday. 昨天的這個時候一封信正在被寫。 過去完成時 had+ been +done The work had been finished by Jim. 工作早已經(jīng)被他完成了。 含有情態(tài)動詞 can/may/must +be +done He can be found by me. 他不能被發(fā)現(xiàn)。 二、被動語態(tài)的用法 1. 不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。例： The bridge was built last year. 這座橋是去年建造的。 He was elected chairman. 他被選為主席。 2. 當(dāng)更加強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者時。此時動作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)置于謂語動詞之后，不需要時可以省略。例： The room hasn’t been cleaned yet. 房間還沒有打掃。 The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他殺死了。 3. 當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者不是人時，多用被動語態(tài)。例： The window was blown by wind. 窗戶被風(fēng)吹開了。 The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整個村莊都被洪水沖走了。 三點(diǎn)剖析 一、考點(diǎn)：被動語態(tài)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用法。 二、重難點(diǎn)：謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義： 1. 英語中有很多動詞如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式表達(dá)被動意義，主語通常是物。 例：This kind of cloth washes well. 這種布料很好洗。 2. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等，以主動形式表示被動意義。 例：How do the newspapers come out? 這些報(bào)紙是如何引出來的呢？ 3. 系動詞沒有被動形式，但感官系動詞feel, sound, taste, look, smell在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。 例：Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由聽起來很合理。 三、易錯點(diǎn)： 1. 在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加上介詞to。 例：The great news made her feel happy. 可改為 She was made to feel happy by the great news. Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 2. 有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞＋介詞”，“動詞＋副詞”等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。 例：The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 這場會議將會推遲到周五。 3. “動詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ) ”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。 例：Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4. 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。 例：His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 題模精選 題模一：主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 例1.1.1 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)： I have bought a ten-speed bicycle. ____________________________________________ 例1.1.2 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)： The old man is watering flowers in the garden. ____________________________________________ 例1.1.3 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)： The boy always plays the computer games at night. ____________________________________________ 題模二：基本用法 例1.2.1 The boy _________ to get supper ready after school. A． were told B． is telling C． was told D． tells 例1.2.2 This dictionary mustn’t_________ from the library. A． take away B． taken away C． are taken away D． be taken away 隨堂練習(xí) 隨練1.1 將下列句子變成被動語態(tài)。 1. They threw away the old book yesterday ____________________________________________ 2. He had written a letter to his mother. ____________________________________________ 3. People have seen the bear in this village. ____________________________________________ 4. The workers are repairing the bridge. ___________________________________________ 5. You shouldn’t bring dictionary to the English exam. ___________________________________________ 隨練1.2 This kind of books sells well. They_________ already. A． sold out B． have sold out C． are sold out D． have been sold out 隨練1.3 ---Your coat looks nice. Is it _________ wool? ---Yes. It is_________ Australia. A． made of, make by B． made of, made in C． made for, made in D． made from, made by 隨練1.4 The pizza _________ by my mother. Would you like to have some? A． makes B． was making C． made D． was made 隨練1.5 The classroom must _________ every day. A． be kept clean B． be kept cleaning C． keep cleaned D． keeps clean 隨練1.6 A．talk on Chinese history_________ in the school hall next week. A． is given B． has been given C． will be given D． gives 隨練1.7 Our house_________ now. A． is paint B． is being painted C． is got painted D． has got to paint 自我總結(jié) 課后作業(yè) 作業(yè)1 將下列句子變成被動語態(tài)。 1. Have you posted the letters yet? ___________________________________________ 2. I must do all the exercise in time. ___________________________________________ 3. We are discussing the project at the meeting. ___________________________________________ 4. Every year our office holds a flower show in the park in April. ___________________________________________ 5. He had finished the work by the end of last term. ___________________________________________ 作業(yè)2 Mary_________ show me her new dictionary yesterday. A． was asked to B． has asked to C． is asked D． asks to 作業(yè)3 ThePeople’sRepublicofChina_________onOctober1,1949. A． found B． wasfounded C． isfounded D． wasfound 作業(yè)4 ThisEnglishsong _________bythegirlsafterclass. A． oftensings B． oftensang C． isoftensang D． isoftensung 作業(yè)5 Waste papershouldn’t _________here. A． throw B． bethrown C． tobethrown D． tothrow 作業(yè)6 Anewhouse_________atthecorneroftheroad now. A． isbeingbuilt B． isbuilding C． beenbuilt D． bebuild 作業(yè)7 Hisnewbook_________nextmonth. A． isbeingpublished B． ispublishing C． willbepublished D． hasbeenpublished 答案解析 被動語態(tài) 題模精選 題模一：主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 例1.1.1 【答案】 A．ten-speed bicycle has been bought by me. 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是has/have been done。 例1.1.2 【答案】 The flowers are being watered in the garden by the old man. 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是is/are/am+ being done。 例1.1.3 【答案】 The computer games are played by the boy at night. 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)。一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是am/is/are + done。 題模二：基本用法 例1.2.1 【答案】C 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)。再由句意可知是男孩被告知去做某事，was +done。故選C。 例1.2.2 【答案】D 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)。再由句意可知是字典禁止從圖書館被帶走。含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)mustn’t +be+ done。故選D。 隨堂練習(xí) 隨練1.1 【答案】 1. The old book was thrown by them yesterday. 2. A．letter had been written to his father by him. 3. The bear has been seen by the people on this village. 4. The bridge is being repaired by the workers. 5. The dictionary shouldn’t be brought to the English exam. 【解析】 1. 考查被動語態(tài)。一般過去時的被動語態(tài)was/were+ done。 2. 考查被動語態(tài)。過去完成時的被動語態(tài)had been+ done。 3. 考查被動語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)has/have been+ done。 4. 考查被動語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)時的被動語態(tài)is/am/are +being +done。 5. 考查被動語態(tài)。含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)shouldn’t+ be done。 隨練1.2 【答案】D 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)。already是現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語，并且books與sell out是被動關(guān)系。再由句意“這種書賣的很好。他們已經(jīng)被賣光了?！笨芍蔬xD。 隨練1.3 【答案】B 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)。be made of 由…制成，be made in在…國家被做。再由句意“—你的外套看起來很漂亮，它是由毛制成的嗎？—是的，它被產(chǎn)于澳大利亞?！笨芍?，故選B。 隨練1.4 【答案】D 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)。pizza與make是被動關(guān)系。再由句意“披薩被媽媽做（過去的時間），您想要吃一些嗎？可知，故選D。 隨練1.5 【答案】A 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)。含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)must be done。再由句意“教室每天必須保持清潔?！笨芍?，故選A。 隨練1.6 【答案】C 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)。next week 是一般將來時的時間狀語。Chinese history與give是被動關(guān)系。故選C。 隨練1.7 【答案】B 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)。now是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時間狀語。house與paint是被動關(guān)系。故選B。 作業(yè)1 【答案】 1. Have the letter been posted yet? 2. All the exercises must be done in time. 3. The project is being discussed by them at the meeting. 4. Every year a flower show is held by our office in the park in April. 5. The work had been finished by the end of last term. 【解析】 1. 考查被動語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)has/have been+ done。 2. 考查被動語態(tài)。帶有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)must be+ done。 3. 考查被動語態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)is/am/are being+ done。 4. 考查被動語態(tài)。一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)is/am/are+ done。 5. 考查被動語態(tài)。過去完成時的被動語態(tài)had been+ done。 作業(yè)2 【答案】A 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)。yesterday 是一般過去時的時間狀語。由句意可知，主語“瑪麗”與ask之間是被動關(guān)系，was asked to do sth. 故選A。 作業(yè)3 【答案】B 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)。on October1,1949是一般過去時的時間狀語。ThePeople’sRepublicofChina 與found (建立)是被動關(guān)系。was+ done。故選B。 作業(yè)4 【答案】D 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)。often是一般現(xiàn)在是的時間狀語。song與sing 是被動關(guān)系。sing的過去分詞是sung。is often+ done。故選D。 作業(yè)5 【答案】B 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)。含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)shouldn’t be +done。Waste paper與throw是被動關(guān)系。故選B。 作業(yè)6 【答案】A 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)。now是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時間狀語。new house與build是被動關(guān)系。build的過去分詞是built。is being+ done。故選A。 作業(yè)7 【答案】C 【解析】 考查被動語態(tài)。nextmonth是一般將來時的時間狀語。book與public是被動關(guān)系。wiil be+ done。故選C。