（新課改）2020高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 4 Pygmalion學(xué)案（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 4 Pygmalion (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意 1．plot n．　　　　　　　　　 情節(jié)；陰謀 2．handkerchief n. 手帕；手絹；紙巾 3．a(chǎn)mbassador n. 大使；使節(jié) 4．stocking n. 長(zhǎng)襪 5．cookie n. 餅干 6．cream n. 奶油；面霜 7．waist n. 腰；腰部；腰圍 8．a(chǎn)lphabet n. 字母表 9．a(chǎn)ntique adj. 古時(shí)的；(因古老、稀少而)珍貴的 n. 文物；古董；古玩 10．fateful adj. 重要的；決定性的；命中注定的 11．whistle vi. 吹口哨；發(fā)出汽笛聲 n. 口哨聲；汽笛聲 [縱聯(lián)1] 毛紡的；純毛的 13．upper adj. (位置或地位)較高的； 級(jí)別較高的 [縱聯(lián)2] 帶來(lái)麻煩的；使人心煩的 15．handful n. 一把；少量 16．brilliant adj. 光輝燦爛的；杰出的；才華橫溢的 17．shabby adj. 破舊的；寒酸的 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——————寫(xiě)其形 1．properly adv. 適當(dāng)?shù)兀磺‘?dāng)?shù)? 2．overlook vt. 俯視；忽視；不理會(huì) 3．oute n. 結(jié)果；效果；后果 4．betray vt. 顯露出(本來(lái)面目)；背叛 5．superior adj. 優(yōu)秀的；較高的；上級(jí)的 n. 上級(jí)；長(zhǎng)官 6．fade v. (使)褪色；減弱；逐漸消失 7．a(chǎn)cquaintance n. 相識(shí)；了解；熟人 8．condemn vt. 譴責(zé)；使……處于不幸(不愉快) 的狀態(tài) 9．promise n．& vi. 妥協(xié)；折衷 10．status n. 身份；地位；職位 11．disgusting adj. 使人反感的；令人厭惡的 12．extraordinary adj. 不同尋常的；非凡的 Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變 1．a(chǎn)daptation n．適應(yīng)(性)；改編本→adapt v．(使)適應(yīng)；改編 2．classic adj.經(jīng)典的；第一流的 n．經(jīng)典著作→class n．班級(jí)；階級(jí)；等級(jí)→classical adj.古典的 3．professor n．教授→profession n．職業(yè)；專(zhuān)業(yè)→professional adj.專(zhuān)業(yè)的 n．專(zhuān)業(yè)人員 4．hesitate vi.猶豫；躊躇→hesitation n．猶豫；躊躇 5．unfortable adj.不舒服的；不安的；不自在的→unfortably adv.不舒服地；不自在地→fortably adv.舒服地；舒適地→fortable adj.舒適的；舒服的 6．mistaken adj.(見(jiàn)解或判斷上)錯(cuò)誤的；不正確的→mistake n．& v．錯(cuò)誤；誤會(huì) 7．classify vt.把……分類(lèi)；把……歸類(lèi)→classification n．分類(lèi)；歸類(lèi) 8．remark n．談?wù)?；言論；評(píng)述 vt.& vi.談?wù)?；評(píng)論；說(shuō)起→remarkable adj.非凡的；顯著的 9．a(chǎn)mazement n．驚訝；驚愕→amaze vt.使吃驚→amazed adj.吃驚的→amazing adj.令人吃驚的 10．fortune n．機(jī)會(huì)；運(yùn)氣；大筆的錢(qián)→fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的→fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地 11．disapprove v．不贊成；反對(duì)；認(rèn)為不好→approve v．贊成 12．rob vt.搶劫；盜竊；剝奪→robbery n．搶劫(行為)→robber n．強(qiáng)盜；盜賊 13．musical adj.音樂(lè)的；喜愛(ài)音樂(lè)的 n．音樂(lè)喜劇→music n．音樂(lè)→musician n．音樂(lè)家 14．horrible adj.可怕的；恐怖的→horror n．恐怖[縱聯(lián)3] 15．effective adj.有效的→effect n．效果；影響 縱聯(lián)1.“名詞＋en”構(gòu)成的形容詞一覽 ①wool→woollen毛紡的；純毛的 ②lead→leaden鉛制的 ③earth→earthen泥土做的 ④wood→wooden木制的 ⑤silk→silken絲制的 縱聯(lián)2.你可知some也是一個(gè)形容詞后綴？ ①troublesome帶來(lái)麻煩的 ②awesome令人敬畏的 ③boresome煩人的 ④bothersome引起麻煩的 ⑤brightsome明亮的；燦爛的 ⑥handsome英俊的 ⑦lonesome孤獨(dú)的 ⑧tiresome使人厭倦的 縱聯(lián)3.“恐怖；可怕”大排檔 ①horror戰(zhàn)栗；恐怖 ②horrible恐怖的 ③afraid害怕的 ④alarm驚慌；恐慌 ⑤frighten使驚嚇；嚇唬 ⑥fear恐懼；畏懼 ⑦terrible可怕的 ⑧terrified恐怖的 ⑨t(yī)error恐怖 ⑩be scared to death嚇?biāo)? 單元話題——文學(xué)作品 子話題　戲劇 ①author n. 作者　　　　 ②playwright n．編??；劇作家 ③edition n．版本(出版形式) ④version n．(電影、劇本等的)版本 ⑤fiction n．(虛構(gòu))小說(shuō) ⑥scene n．場(chǎng)景；幕 ⑦vivid adj.栩栩如生的 ⑧script n．劇本 ⑨backstage adv.在后臺(tái) ⑩character n. 人物；角色 ?edy n．喜劇 ?draft n．草稿；草案 ?inspiration n．靈感 ?curtain n．幕布 ?tragedy n．悲劇 ?ending n. 結(jié)局 ?masterpiece n. 杰作 ?stage n．舞臺(tái) [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用 1．(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀D)Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the ?　 (fortable) silence. Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have 　?　 conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers?， consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. ①用fortable的適當(dāng)形式填空：unfortable；fortable的詞根為fort，意為“舒適；安慰” ②選詞填空：__A__ A．promised　　　　 B．condemned 　　　C．hesitated ③寫(xiě)出stranger在本單元的反義詞：acquaintance 2．(2015全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀七選五)Trust is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake?. Unfortunately?， weve all been victims of betrayal?. Whether weve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. ①寫(xiě)出加彩詞在本單元的同根形容詞：mistaken ②unfortunately在句中詞性為詞，意為：不幸的是，在本單元的同詞根名詞為：fortune，意為“機(jī)會(huì)，運(yùn)氣”。 ③寫(xiě)出加彩詞在本單元的動(dòng)詞形式：betray；該詞除了表示“背叛”外，還可表示“泄露信息；泄露情感” 高考采擷(二)　寫(xiě)作中的詞匯應(yīng)用 (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)和提示詞補(bǔ)全/翻譯句子) 1．(2014江西高考書(shū)面表達(dá))就我個(gè)人而言，我曾經(jīng)嘗試過(guò)有效的方法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)我的學(xué)術(shù)目標(biāo)。(effective) Personally, I used to try_effective_methods_to_achieve_my_academic_goals. 2．(2014江西高考書(shū)面表達(dá))對(duì)于你們這些新生來(lái)說(shuō)，如何適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境是你們要面對(duì)的第一件事。(adapt) To_all_of_you,_fresh_students,_how_to_adapt_yourself_to_the_new_environment_is_the_first_thing_that_you_have_to_face. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 1．hesitate vi.猶豫；躊躇 [記牢] (1)hesitate to do sth.　　　　　　　 猶豫做某事 hesitate about/in/at/over 對(duì)……猶豫不決 (2)hesitation n. 躊躇；猶豫 without hesitation 毫不猶豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不猶豫地做某事 [練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①Since then, I have not hesitated to_be (be) in the presence of others, especially when they need pany. ②Please have no hesitation in writing to me if you want me to do something for you in China. ③I hesitated about/in/at/over taking his side until I knew the whole story. [寫(xiě)美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ④(2015浙江高考書(shū)面表達(dá))沒(méi)有猶豫，我決定跟隨他們，那天我們確實(shí)過(guò)得很開(kāi)心。 Without_hesitation,_I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day. 2．remark n．談?wù)?；言論；評(píng)述vt.& vi.談?wù)?；評(píng)論；說(shuō)起 [記牢] (1)remark on/upon　　　　　 談?wù)?評(píng)論…… remark that ... 評(píng)論…… (2)make remarks on/upon 對(duì)……發(fā)表評(píng)論/看法 (3)remarkable adj. 非凡的；顯著的 [練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①He once remarked that “All happy families resemble one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.” ②As long as you work hard, youll see a slow but remarkable (remark) improvement in your classroom performance during the next term. ③Miss Li remarked on/upon some students cheating in exams, whose words left a deep impression on us. [寫(xiě)美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ④(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))電影結(jié)束后，每個(gè)班應(yīng)該進(jìn)行一次討論，期望所有的學(xué)生都要發(fā)表評(píng)論，表達(dá)他們對(duì)這部電影的看法。 After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are expected to make_remarks_and_express_their_views_about_the_film. 3．a(chǎn)cquaintance n．相識(shí)；了解；熟人 [記牢] (1)　　 結(jié)識(shí)某人 have acquaintance with sth. 對(duì)某事知道/了解 (2)acquaint v. 使熟悉；使了解 be acquainted with 熟悉 acquaint oneself with ... 熟悉 [練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①He has some acquaintance with German, but doesnt speak it fluently. ②It was at that party that I first made his acquaintance，since then he and I became good friends. [寫(xiě)美]　用上述短語(yǔ)升級(jí)加彩部分 ③(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))Before class, first you need to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. →Before class, first you need to acquaint_yourself_with the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. 4．fortune n．財(cái)產(chǎn)；大筆的錢(qián)；機(jī)會(huì)；運(yùn)氣 [記牢] (1)seek/try ones fortune　　　　　　 找出路/碰運(yùn)氣 make a fortune 發(fā)財(cái)；賺錢(qián) have the good fortune to do sth. 有幸做某事 (2)fortunate adj. 幸 運(yùn)的；僥幸的(＝lucky) be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth. 有幸做某事 (3)fortunately adv. 幸運(yùn)地(＝luckily) [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①I(mǎi) had the good fortune to_be_chosen (choose) for studying abroad. ②If were fortunate in achieving success, we will be filled with excitement and joy. [用準(zhǔn)]　fortune意為“機(jī)會(huì)；運(yùn)氣”時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞；意為“大筆的錢(qián)”時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。 [寫(xiě)美]　翻譯句子 ③幸運(yùn)的是，她受傷不嚴(yán)重，我們把她送到了最近的醫(yī)院。 Fortunately,_she_was_not_badly_injured_and_we_sent_her_to_the_nearest_hospital. [詞匯過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě) 1．He is smaller than you, but he is superior (優(yōu)秀的) to you. 2．He dipped into the bag and brought out a handful (一把) of sample wheat. 3．Quite a lot of people will betray (背叛)themselves when tempted by money. 4．The government should take effective (有效的) measures to stop water from being polluted. 5．The doctor said that the patient might be unfortable (不舒服的) after her operation. 6．If you think you can drink so much without damaging your health, then youre mistaken (錯(cuò)誤的)． 7．“Seize the day, boys. Make your lives extraordinary (非凡的)．” from the film Dead Poets Society touched me most. 8．If we all agree to set aside differences and make a promise (妥協(xié)) when we are in disputes, wars are forever gone and we are surely living in peace. Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．Larry is the only one of my friends who is acquainted (acquaint) with the old poet. 2．Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior to any other candidate. 3．They were unwilling to promise with the leaders but they had no choice. 4．We audience all classify him as one of the greatest actors. 5．Those who dont remember the past are_condemned (condemn) to repeat it. 6．He showed remarkable (remark) petence when faced with the difficult problems in tough times. 7．Some parents hesitate to_take (take) these steps because they doubt whether their children are telling lies. 8．We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesnt really cause, overlooking (overlook) our own roles in shaping childrens minds. Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子 1．他對(duì)是否參加探險(xiǎn)仍拿不定主意。(hesitate) He is still hesitating_over_whether_to_join the expedition. 2．老師評(píng)論說(shuō)我的英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)得很好。 (remark) The_teacher_remarked_that my English position was well written. 3．他對(duì)音樂(lè)不怎么了解，但他非常精通繪畫(huà)。(acquaintance) He has_little_acquaintance_with music, but he has a wide knowledge of painting. 4．他賣(mài)掉了西班牙的房產(chǎn)，賺了一大筆錢(qián)。(fortune) He made_a_fortune by selling property in Spain. 5．為了方便起見(jiàn)，我們可把學(xué)生分成四組。 (classify) For convenience, we may classify_the_students_into_four_groups. Ⅳ.語(yǔ)境辨義 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選出動(dòng)詞fade的詞義 (A)凋謝；枯萎　　　　(B)(使)褪色 (C)(光等)變暗 (D)逐漸消失 1．The curtains had faded in the sun.__B__ 2．Hopes of reaching an agreement seem to be fading away.__D__ 3．With the winter approaching, the flowers have faded.__A__ 4．They arrived home just as the light was fading.__C__ (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) 1．once_more　　　　　　　　　 再一次 2．fade_out (聲音、畫(huà)面)逐漸模糊；漸淡 [串記1] 偽裝(的)；假扮(的) 4．in_terms_of_... 就……來(lái)說(shuō)；從……角度 5．in_need_of 需要…… 6．pass_..._off_as_... (把某人)改變或冒充成…… 7．rob_sb._of_sth. 搶劫某人某物 8．show_..._in 帶或領(lǐng)……進(jìn)來(lái) [串記2] 一般來(lái)說(shuō) 10．make_ones_acquaintance 結(jié)識(shí)；與……相見(jiàn) [串記3] 處理；對(duì)付；涉及 [同根短語(yǔ)串記](méi) 串記1.容易被忽略的“in＋n.”短語(yǔ) ①in disguise　　　 　　　　 偽裝(的)；假扮(的) ②in nature 本質(zhì)上 ③in person 親自；本人 ④in action 在活動(dòng)中；在進(jìn)行中 ⑤in shape 處于良好狀態(tài) ⑥in amazement 震驚；驚訝 ⑦in name 名義上的；有名無(wú)實(shí)的 ⑧in fort 舒適地 串記2.“adv.＋speaking”短語(yǔ)聚焦 ①generally speaking 一般來(lái)說(shuō) ②honestly speaking 誠(chéng)實(shí)地說(shuō) ③frankly speaking 坦率地說(shuō) ④exactly speaking 確切地說(shuō) ⑤strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說(shuō) ⑥personally speaking 就個(gè)人而言 串記3.如何“處理；對(duì)付” ①deal with 處理；對(duì)付；涉及 ②do with 處理；對(duì)付 ③cope with 處理；應(yīng)付 ④treat ... with 處理；應(yīng)付 ⑤handle with 處理 ⑥dispose of 處理；解決 1．the quality of a persons English　　 一個(gè)人的英語(yǔ)水平 2．ones position in society 某人的社會(huì)地位 3．in all directions 朝四面八方 4．shelter from the rain 躲雨 5．be disappointed at 對(duì)……失望 6．take down 寫(xiě)下；記下 7．deep in 專(zhuān)心于 8．make records 錄音 9．a(chǎn) bit of luck 運(yùn)氣好 10．a(chǎn)sk for any favours 尋求任何幫助 11．pay for 支付 1．Will that be_of_any_use to you？那對(duì)你有用嗎？ 2．What_if I was？如果我是又怎么樣呢？ 3．But, sir, (proudly) once_educated_to_speak_properly,_that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party. 不過(guò)，先生， (高傲地)一旦有人教她把英語(yǔ)說(shuō)好了，這個(gè)女孩就可以在三個(gè)月以?xún)?nèi)冒充公爵夫人出席大使主辦的花園晚會(huì)了。 4．Perhaps I could even find her a place as a ladys maid or a shop assistant, which_requires better English. 說(shuō)不定我還可以給她找份工作，當(dāng)一名貴婦人的侍女或商店的店員。這些工作都要求英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好。 [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的短語(yǔ)(補(bǔ)全句子/短語(yǔ)替換) 1．(2013江蘇高考閱讀C)When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal_with (處理) depression. 2．(2018北京高考完形填空)For Mr. Smith, this is a possible lifechanging chance.The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.(用本單元短語(yǔ)替換加彩部分)once_more 高考采擷(二) 寫(xiě)作中的短語(yǔ)和句式(短語(yǔ)升級(jí)/翻譯句子) 1．(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))Speaking of table manners, keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal. →In_terms_of_table_manners,_keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal. 2．(2018浙江高考寫(xiě)作)Ive learned that the English Association of our school now need some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school. →Ive learned that the English Association of our school is_now_in_need_of some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school. 3．(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書(shū)面表達(dá))我知道你對(duì)乒乓球很感興趣，它被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)的國(guó)球，在我們國(guó)家體育領(lǐng)域非常重要。(which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句， be of＋抽象名詞) I_know_you_show_great_interest_in_pingpong,_which_is_regarded_as_the_National_Ball_of_China_and_of_great_value_in_sports_field_in_our_country. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 [短語(yǔ)集釋] 1．in terms of ...就……來(lái)說(shuō)；從……角度 [記牢] in the long/short term/run　 就長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)/短期而言 be on good terms with 與……處得好 e to terms with 達(dá)成協(xié)議；和好；接受；適應(yīng) [練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①The country is very poor and it has to e to terms with the neighbouring countries. ②The agreement should have very positive results in the long term. ③Bear in mind that with humor sense, you can always be on good terms with others. [寫(xiě)美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ④就學(xué)習(xí)和健康來(lái)說(shuō)，我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式。 In_terms_of_study_and_health,_we should develop a healthy lifestyle. 2．show ...in帶或領(lǐng)……進(jìn)來(lái) [記牢] show ... out　　　　　　　　 帶或領(lǐng)……出去 show off 炫耀；展示 show up 出現(xiàn)；來(lái)到某處 show sb. around/round 領(lǐng)某人參觀 show ... for sb. 向某人表示…… show ... to sb. 給某人看…… show respect for 對(duì)……表達(dá)尊敬 show interest in 對(duì)……感興趣 [練通]　選用上述短語(yǔ)填空 ①We should _show__respect_for old people, our parents and our teachers. ②He promised to attend the meeting, but he hasnt shown_up yet. ③If you e to Hangzhou this weekend, Ill be very glad to show you around/round our beautiful city then. ④Mike has only driven to the pub to show_off his new car — he usually walks. [寫(xiě)美]　翻譯句子 ⑤(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))歡迎任何一個(gè)對(duì)這次攝影展感興趣的同學(xué)參加。 Any_student_who_shows_interest_in_this_photography_show_is_wele_to_participate. [句式集釋] “be of＋抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) [教材原句]　 Will that be_of_any_use to you? [悟拓展例句] (1)The way that he had thought of to deal with the problem was of great importance. (2)His opinion is considered to be of great value. →His opinion is considered to be very valuable. [析用法規(guī)則] “be of＋抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，名詞通常是use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit等，該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于“be＋名詞所對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞”，這類(lèi)名詞前可用no, some, any, little, much, great等對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾。 [背寫(xiě)作佳句] (1)(2018浙江高考寫(xiě)作)I treasure this as a good chance and it is of benefit to me in many ways.(要點(diǎn)句) (2)(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))Your guide and suggestions are of great help to me and Im looking forward to your early reply.(總結(jié)句) [詞塊、句式過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.選詞填空 pass ... off as, fade out, in terms of, in need of, make ones acquaintance, generally speaking, show ... in, rob ... of ... 1．In an advertisement I know that your pany is _in_need_of a temporary interpreter. 2．They purchased pieces of old furniture and passed them off_as valuable antiques. 3．He is a friendly and kind man and I am thankful for the opportunity to have made_his_acquaintance. 4．Please wait here and show the guests in when they dont know how to find the art show hall. 5．As the program ended, the music slowly faded_out and someone began to speak. 6．Generally_speaking,_when a child learns to read, he usually begins from ABC. 7．However, in_terms_of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory. 8．They threatened to shoot him and robbed him of all his possessions. Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子 1．當(dāng)我們和朋友發(fā)生沖突的時(shí)候，換位思考是十分重要的。(be of＋n.) Putting ourselves in their shoes is_of_great_importance/significance when we have conflicts with friends. 2．他們開(kāi)始做實(shí)驗(yàn)，希望會(huì)成功。(形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)) They started the experiment, hopeful_for_success. 3．當(dāng)被問(wèn)到他成功的秘訣時(shí)，他把這一切都?xì)w功于他父母的支持和鼓勵(lì)。(狀語(yǔ)從句省略) When_asked_the_secret_of_his_success,_he owed all to the support and encouragement of his parents. 4．小男孩在離家后還未回來(lái)，使得他父母很擔(dān)心。(which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句) The little boy hasnt e back yet after leaving home, which_makes_his_parents_worried. 5．在接下來(lái)的半小時(shí)里，如果這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須解決會(huì)怎樣呢？ (what if ...) What_if_this_problem_have_to_be_solved in the next half hour? Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文分步寫(xiě)作 根據(jù)下列提示，寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于馬克吐溫及其作品《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》的評(píng)論。 1．馬克吐溫(Mark Twain)，美國(guó)作家，在密西西比河(the Mississippi River)畔小城長(zhǎng)大。 2．代表作(masterpiece)之一《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》(The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)。這部小說(shuō)講述了白人小孩Huckleberry Finn從家中逃走，和黑奴吉姆在密西西比河流浪的故事。《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》在美國(guó)文學(xué)史上一直被稱(chēng)為最偉大的作品。 注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 第一步：準(zhǔn)確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn) 1．審題：①文體：文學(xué)評(píng)論　②人稱(chēng)：主要是第三人稱(chēng) ③時(shí)態(tài)：主要是一般過(guò)去時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 2．本文要點(diǎn)具體、明確，因此審題、擬點(diǎn)沒(méi)有困難，根據(jù)題目和要求，可從以下三個(gè)要點(diǎn)來(lái)寫(xiě)作： 要點(diǎn)1：簡(jiǎn)短介紹馬克吐溫(美國(guó)作家，出生地)； 要點(diǎn)2：介紹其代表作《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》； 要點(diǎn)3：評(píng)論這部作品(地位)。 要點(diǎn)1：馬克吐溫是一位杰出的美國(guó)作家。他在密西西比河畔小城長(zhǎng)大。(extraordinary) Mark_Twain_was_an_extraordinary_American_writer.He_grew_up_in_a_small_town_on_the_banks_of_the_Mississippi_River. 要點(diǎn)2－①：他的代表作之一是《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》。這部小說(shuō)講述了哈克貝利費(fèi)恩從家中逃走，在密西西比河流浪的故事。 One_of_his_masterpieces_is_The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn.The_novel_tells_of_Huckleberry Finn running_away_from_home_and_wandering_down_the_Mississippi_River. 要點(diǎn)2－②：不久他結(jié)識(shí)了一位黑人奴隸吉姆。(acquaintance, slave) Soon_he_makes_the_acquaintance_of_a_black_slave,_Jim. 要點(diǎn)3：《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》在美國(guó)文學(xué)上是一部經(jīng)典的小說(shuō)。 The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn_is_a_classic_novel_in_American_literature. 第二步：添加細(xì)節(jié)，文意更豐滿(mǎn)，表達(dá)更亮眼 為了使內(nèi)容更充實(shí)，我們需要對(duì)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行添枝加葉或者升級(jí)，用更高級(jí)表達(dá)，使表達(dá)更亮眼。要點(diǎn)1可以使用同位語(yǔ)形式進(jìn)行升級(jí)；要點(diǎn)2－①使用which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行升級(jí)；要點(diǎn)2－②后添加if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，說(shuō)明如果沒(méi)有遇見(jiàn)吉姆的結(jié)果；要點(diǎn)3可增加狀語(yǔ)“從許多方面來(lái)考慮”并用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表達(dá)。 升級(jí)要點(diǎn)1：馬克吐溫，一位杰出美國(guó)作家，在密西西比河畔的一座小城長(zhǎng)大。(同位語(yǔ)) Mark_Twain,_an_extraordinary_American_writer,_grew_up_in_a_small_town_on_the_banks_of_the_Mississippi_River. 升級(jí)要點(diǎn)2－①：他的代表作之一是《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》，講述了哈克貝利費(fèi)恩從家中逃走，在密西西比河流浪的故事。(which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句) One_of_his_masterpieces_is_The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn，which_tells_of_Huckleberry_Finn_running_away_from_home_and_wandering_down_the_Mississippi_River. 補(bǔ)充要點(diǎn)2－②：如果他沒(méi)有遇見(jiàn)吉姆，也就沒(méi)有后來(lái)的這些事了。(if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣) If_he_hadnt_met_Jim,_there_could_never_have_been_such_things_later_on. 拓展要點(diǎn)3：從許多方面來(lái)考慮，《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》在美國(guó)文學(xué)上是一部經(jīng)典的小說(shuō)。(過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)) Considered_in_many_aspects，The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn_is_a_classic_novel_in_American_literature. 第三步：連句成文，排語(yǔ)句順序，重銜接過(guò)渡 文學(xué)評(píng)論一般先簡(jiǎn)短介紹作者，再介紹被評(píng)論的書(shū)刊，最后再給出對(duì)這本書(shū)的評(píng)價(jià)。這一類(lèi)的文章一般不需要太多的銜接，關(guān)鍵在于理清要點(diǎn)的先后順序，注意要點(diǎn)間的銜接、連貫。 Mark_Twain,_an_extraordinary_American_writer,_grew_up_in_a_small_town_on_the_banks_of_the_Mississippi_River.One_of_his_masterpieces_is_The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn,_which_tells_of_Huckleberry_Finn_running_away_from_home_and_wandering_down_the_Mississippi_River.Soon_he_makes_the_acquaintance_of_a_black_slave,_Jim.If_he_hadnt_met_Jim,_there_could_never_have_been_such_things_later_on. Considered_in_many_aspects，The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a classic novel in American literature. 掌握閱讀技能之(六)　推理 推理判斷題要求考生由文章中已知信息出發(fā)，對(duì)題干要求的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行合理推測(cè)，大多會(huì)問(wèn)及文章的暗示、推論、結(jié)論、人物的身份和關(guān)系、作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣等。這類(lèi)試題，除了需要準(zhǔn)確、透徹地理解文章、理順文章的脈絡(luò)外，還要求考生有一定的思考提煉和邏輯推理的能力。該題型在高考閱讀理解中難度較大，是取得高分必須要攻破的一道難關(guān)。 [高考典例1]　(2018全國(guó)卷ⅠD篇) We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (裝置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. Q：What does the author think of new devices? A．They are environmentfriendly. B．They are no better than the old. C．They cost more to use at home. D．They go out of style quickly. [分析]　根據(jù)最后一句“這些過(guò)時(shí)的設(shè)備比那些做同樣事情的新設(shè)備消耗更多的能源”，可推斷出新設(shè)備更節(jié)能、更環(huán)保。故選A。 [高考典例2]　(2018全國(guó)卷ⅡA篇) Activity Description Member of staff Cost Potty about Potter (POT) Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in StreatleyonThames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations，picnic lunch outside Oxfords Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter. Miss Drake ￡150 Q：How long does Potty about Potter last? A．Two days.　　　　　　　　　B．Four days. C．Five days. D．One week. [分析]　根據(jù)這則廣告可知，該廣告提到參觀華納兄弟演播室、買(mǎi)野餐、在青年旅舍住一晚(stay overnight)，那么后面交代的坐船游覽查韋爾河就應(yīng)該是第二天的活動(dòng)，由此推斷這個(gè)活動(dòng)的持續(xù)時(shí)間是兩天。故選A。 [高考典例3]　(2018全國(guó)卷ⅡC篇) [1]Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a mon Sense Media report published Monday. [2]While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. [3]According to the reports key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13yearolds and 9 percent of 17yearolds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” [4]The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2－8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spe