2019版高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)習(xí)選題 Unit 1 A land of diversity（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 1 A land of diversity 一、閱讀理解。 “Her grades are fine；Im not worried about that，but she just doesnt seem to love learning any more，” Alices mum said. Shes absolutely right.Id noticed the same thing about her daughter over the previous two or three years when Id been Alices middle school English，Latin，and writing teacher，and I have an answer，right there on the tip of my tongue，to what has gone wrong.Yet Im torn between my responsibility to help Alice and the knowledge that what I have to say is a truth Im not sure this mother is ready to hear. The truth for this parent and so many others is this：Her child has sacrificed her natural curiosity and love of learning at the altar(圣壇)of achievement，and its our fault.Alices parents，her teachers，society at large—we are all supposed to be blamed in this crime against learning.From her first day of school，we pointed her toward that altar and trained her to measure her progress by means of points，scores，and awards.We taught Alice that her potential is tied to her intellect(智力)，and that her intellect is more important than her character.We taught her to e home proudly bearing grade As，championship prizes，and college acceptance，and not on purpose，we taught her that we dont really care how she obtains them.We taught her to protect her academic and extracurricular perfection at all costs and that its better to quit when things get challenging rather than risk losing that perfect record.Above all else，we taught her to fear failure.That fear is what has destroyed her love of learning. 1．Both the mother and the author have noticed that ________. A．Alice hates to tell them the truth B．Alices test scores are not so good C．Alice chooses several subjects to learn D．Alice doesnt enjoy studying any more 2．What does the underlined word“torn”mean in the passage? A．pained to choose　　　B．guilty to quit C．tired to manage D．certain to decide 3．What does the teacher think of the girl? A．Her academic perfection results from her character. B．She is a gifted girl with spirits of challenging. C．She is perfect in her character development. D．Her academic performance is great. 4．What leads to the girls change? A．A few failure experiences. B．Fear of failing to get good grades. C．Her mothers overprotection. D．Her not being accepted by colleges. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文通過Alice的例子說明了父母、老師和社會(huì)有時(shí)會(huì)扼殺孩子的好奇心和對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的熱愛。 【難句分析】We taught Alice that her potential is tied to her intellect(智力)，and that her intellect is more important than her character. 分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，含有兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。We是主語(yǔ)，taught是謂語(yǔ)，兩個(gè)that在從句中均不充當(dāng)成分。 譯文：我們教給Alice的是她的潛力和她的智力是聯(lián)系在一起的，并且她的智力比她的性格更重要。 1．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“but she just doesnt seem to love learning any more”和第二段中的“Id noticed the same thing about her daughter”可知，Alice的媽媽和作者都注意到Alice不再喜歡學(xué)習(xí)。A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)文中沒有提到；根據(jù)第一段中的“Her grades are fine”可知，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 2．A　考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“between my responsibility...and the knowledge that what I have to say is a truth”可知，作者在兩者之間很難選擇。 3．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。 根據(jù)第三段中的“We taught her to protect her academic and extracurricular perfection at all costs”可知，Alice的學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)很好。根據(jù)第三段的“We taught Alice that her potential is tied to her intellect(智力)，and that her intellect is more important than her character”可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第三句中的“that its better to quit when things get challenging rather than risk losing that perfect record”可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“Above all else，we taught her to fear failure”可知C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 4．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“We taught her to protect...That fear is what has destroyed her love of learning”可知，害怕失敗毀掉了Alice對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的熱愛。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．They are likely ________ (fire) by the pany just because of their fault. 答案：to be fired　Sb. be likely to do sth. “某人可能做某事”。主語(yǔ)they與fire之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填不定式的被動(dòng)形式。 2．The majority of the interviewees ________ (prefer) watching TV at home to going to the cinema. 答案：prefer　the majority of ... 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of后的名詞保持一致。由interviewees可知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 3．It suddenly occurred ________ him that he should adopt the homeless child. 答案：to　It (suddenly) occurred/occurs to sb. that ... “某人突然想起某事”。 4．Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive ________ (punish)． 答案：punishment　句中動(dòng)詞receive后缺賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)填名詞punishment作賓語(yǔ)。 5．We should not have ________ (race) discrimination. 答案：racial　句中缺少一形容詞來修飾名詞discrimination, 故填racial “種族的”。 6．She became the first black woman ________ (elect) to the Senate. 答案：to be elected　當(dāng)名詞或代詞前有序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，則常用動(dòng)詞不定式來充當(dāng)其后置定語(yǔ)，且elect與black woman之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填to be elected。 7．He couldnt express himself correctly ________ means of words. 答案：by　by means of ... “借助于；用……；通過……方法”。 8．She ________ (slip) out of the house before the others were awake. 答案：slipped　句意：她趁別人還沒醒，溜出了房子。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知該空為句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，由從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)were可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。 9．________ (hire) a car, you must produce a passport and a current driving license. 答案：To hire　句意：若想租車，你需要出示護(hù)照及當(dāng)前駕照。此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。 10．By the time she knew the news, John ________ (fly) to America. 答案：had flown　由By the time引導(dǎo)的從句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)可知，主句應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，故應(yīng)填had flown。 三、完形填空。 Brian Tagalog was born without arms. But that didnt __1__ him from leading a normal life. The __2__ young man believes he is the only certified tattoo(文身) artist without arms in the world. A __3__ of Honolulu, Tagalog moved with his family to Tucson. He had always shown an interest in drawing, and set his mind on being a __4__ tattoo artist. Not many people gave him a chance, but he __5__ improved his foot drawing skills and operated the tattoo gun with his __6__. Brians mother admits that __7__ him was not easy, but she always made it a(n) __8__ to let him explore his options. “The day I gave birth to him, well, I was shocked, but we never hid him. I didnt __9__ him in any way.” And perhaps thats what gave him the __10__ to achieve his dreams, __11__ the very obvious absence of two limbs. “I was born without arms，” he said. “But that has not __12__ me down to pursue my dream.” At first, finding a shop that would __13__ him proved a very difficult thing. He __14__ many tattoo shops and got no calls back. He didnt give up; __15__， Brian finally runs his own shop. Brian uses a (n) __16__ technique to tattoo—he draws the design on clients skin with one foot, __17__ using the other to stretch the skin. And eventually his tattoos always turn out to get his clients __18__. Brian hopes his success will __19__ others to follow their dreams bravely. Words and photos just dont do Brian Tagalog justice. You need to see him __20__ to witness how he works only with his feet. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇記敘文，講述了生來沒有胳膊的Brian Tagalog通過自己的不懈努力最終成為一名成功的文身藝術(shù)家的故事。 1．A.promote B．preserve C．protect D．prevent 答案與解析：D但是那沒有阻止他過正常的生活。prevent sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。 2．A.wise B．a(chǎn)mbitious C．promising D．handsome 答案與解析：B這個(gè)有抱負(fù)的年輕人相信他是這個(gè)世界上唯一一個(gè)有資格證的無臂文身藝術(shù)家。wise“睿智的”；ambitious“有雄心的，有抱負(fù)的”；promising“有前途的”；handsome“英俊的”。 3．A.visitor B．foreigner C．stranger D．native 答案與解析：D根據(jù)后文的“moved with his family to Tucson”可知，此處指Tagalog是一個(gè)火奴魯魯?shù)漠?dāng)?shù)厝?。foreigner“外國(guó)人”；stranger“陌生人”；native“當(dāng)?shù)厝?，本地人”? 4．A.professional B．normal C．temporary D．conservative 答案與解析：A他總是表現(xiàn)出在繪畫方面的興趣，并且下決心成為一名專業(yè)的文身藝術(shù)家。professional“專業(yè)的，職業(yè)的”；normal“正常的”；temporary“暫時(shí)的”；conservative“保守的”。 5．A.steadily B．occasionally C．effectively D．frequently 答案與解析：A　并不是很多人給他機(jī)會(huì)，但是他不斷地磨煉自己的腳部繪畫技巧并且用自己的腳趾操作文身槍。steadily“持續(xù)地，不斷地”；occasionally“偶爾，偶然”；effectively“高效地”；frequently“經(jīng)常地，頻繁地”。 6．A.fingers B．toes C．mouth D．jaw 答案與解析：B參見上題解析。 7．A.forting B．educating C．raising D．a(chǎn)cpanying 答案與解析：CBrian的母親承認(rèn)撫養(yǎng)他長(zhǎng)大不是一件容易的事兒。fort “安慰”；educate“教育”；raise“養(yǎng)育，撫養(yǎng)”；acpany“陪伴”。 8．A.failure B．point C．a(chǎn)dventure D．destination 答案與解析：B但她總是特別注意讓他探究自己的選擇。make it a point to“對(duì)……特別注意，努力做到”，是固定短語(yǔ)，符合語(yǔ)境。failure“失敗”；adventure“冒險(xiǎn)”；destination“目的地”。 9．A.defend B．blame C．a(chǎn)bandon D．shelter 答案與解析：D根據(jù)上文的“but we never hid him”可知，此處應(yīng)是指Brian的母親不以任何形式庇護(hù)他。defend“保護(hù)”；blame“責(zé)備”；abandon“遺棄”；shelter“庇護(hù)，遮蔽”。 10．A.confidence B．determination C．freedom D．enthusiasm 答案與解析：A根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，此處應(yīng)是表示盡管他沒有胳膊，但是Brian的家人所采取的更為積極的讓Brian成長(zhǎng)的方式或許正是給予他實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的自信心的東西。confidence“自信心”；determination“決心”；freedom“自由”；enthusiasm“熱情”。 11．A.apart from B．in C．regardless of D．despite 答案與解析：D參見上題解析。apart from“除了”；regardless of“不管，不顧”；despite“盡管”。 12．A.turned B．calmed C．slowed D．tracked 答案與解析：C他說：“我生來沒有胳膊，但是那并沒有讓我放慢追求自己夢(mèng)想的速度?！眛urn sb. down“拒絕某人”；calm sb.down“使某人鎮(zhèn)靜下來”；slow sb. down“使某人慢下來”；track sb. down“追查到，追蹤到”。 13．A.hire B．support C．serve D．fund 答案與解析：A根據(jù)下文中的“...got no calls back”“He didnt give up；15，Brian finally runs his own shop.”可知，此處應(yīng)是指起初，找到一個(gè)愿意雇用他的店鋪被證實(shí)是一件非常困難的事情。hire“雇用”；support“支持”；serve“為……服務(wù)”；fund“資助”。 14．A.adapted to B．a(chǎn)ppealed to C．a(chǎn)ttached to D．a(chǎn)pplied to 答案與解析：D根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容可知，此處表示他應(yīng)聘了好多家店。但是沒有得到回信。apply to“向……申請(qǐng)”符合語(yǔ)境。adapt to“適應(yīng)”；appeal to“對(duì)……有吸引力”；attach to“與……有聯(lián)系，與……有關(guān)聯(lián)”。 15．A.otherwise B．instead C．still D．however 答案與解析：B他沒有放棄，反而(instead)最后開了自己的店。other wise“否則”；instead“反而”；still “仍然”；however“然而”。 16．A.unique B．funny C．powerful D．a(chǎn)ttractive 答案與解析：A根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，此處指Brian使用了一種獨(dú)特的文身技巧。unique“獨(dú)特的”；funny“有趣的”；powerful“強(qiáng)有力的”；attractive“吸引人的”。 17．A.before B．if C．while D．unless 答案與解析：C當(dāng)他用另一只腳將皮膚抻平時(shí)，他用一只腳在顧客的皮膚上繪制圖案。while“當(dāng)……時(shí)”符合語(yǔ)境。before“在……之前”；if“如果”；unless“除非”。 18．A.instruction B．a(chǎn)dmiration C．doubt D．plaint 答案與解析：B而且最后他的文身總是會(huì)得到顧客的贊賞。instruction“指導(dǎo)”；admiration“贊賞”；doubt“懷疑”；plaint“投訴”。 19．A.inspire B．urge C．request D．a(chǎn)dvise 答案與解析：ABrian希望他的成功能激勵(lì)他人勇敢地追求夢(mèng)想。inspire sb. to do sth.“激勵(lì)某人去做某事”。urge“敦促”；request“要求”；advise“建議”。 20．A.in response B．in advance C．in action D．in turn 答案與解析：C根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示你需要見證在工作狀態(tài)中的Brian。in action“在活動(dòng)中，在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”，在此引申為“處于工作狀態(tài)中”。in response“作為回應(yīng)”；in advance“提前”；in turn“反過來”。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．This is believed that hard work can lead to success. ______________________________________________________ 答案：This→It 　It is believed that ... “人們相信……”，其中it為形式主語(yǔ)。 2．An idea occurred me when I was walking in the park. ______________________________________________________ 答案：occurred后加to　sth. occurs/occurred to sb. “某人突然想起某事”。 3．A great many of people gain a great deal of information from the Internet. ______________________________________________________ 答案：去掉第一個(gè)of　a great/good many直接修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，只有當(dāng)名詞前有限定詞the/these/those/ones等時(shí)，才用a great/good many of短語(yǔ)。 4．We regret to inform you that our pany has hired on another girl for the job of secretary. ______________________________________________________ 答案：去掉on　hire “雇用；租用”，為及物動(dòng)詞，后面不需加介詞。 5．They will carry out the plan in this means. ______________________________________________________ 答案：in→by　by this means “用這種方法”。 五、七選五 In our fast world of phones，fax machines and puters，the oldfashioned art of letter writing is at risk of disappearing altogether. 1 There is the excitement of its arrival，the pleasure of seeing who it is from and，finally，the enjoyment of the contents. Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember.It probably began with the little notes I would write to my mother.My mother，also，always insisted I write my own thankyou letters for Christmas and birthday presents. 2 When I left home at 18 to train as a doctor in London，I would write once a week，and so would my mother.Occasionally my father would write and it was always a joy to receive his long，amusing letters. 3 Of course，we also made phone calls but it is the letters that I remember most. There were also letters from my boyfriends.In my youth I seemed to attract people who had to work or study away at some time and we were only able to stay in touch by letter. 4 I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking. I love the letters that e with birthday or Christmas cards.Notes are appreciated，but how much better to have a years supply of news！And its better still when its an airmail envelope with beautiful stamps. 5 Like my mother before me，I insist they write their own thankyou letters.My daughter writes to me little letters，just as I did to my mother.I strongly urge readers not to allow letter writing to bee another“l(fā)ost art”． A．Poor handwriting can spoil(破壞)your enjoyment of a letter. B．We had been corresponding(通信)for 29 years but had never met. C．I am pleased that my children are carrying on the tradition. D．It didnt matter how short or untidy they were as long as they were letters. E．But instead of harming the relationships，letter writing seemed to improve them. F．Yet，to me，receiving a letter cannot be matched by any other form of munication. G．The letters from home contained just everyday events concerning my parents and their friends. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了作者對(duì)書信這種溝通方式的青睞和對(duì)書信藝術(shù)逐漸消失的擔(dān)憂。 1．F　[根據(jù)下句“There is the excitement of its arrival，the pleasure of seeing who it is from and，finally，the enjoyment of the contents.”可推知，收到信對(duì)作者來講是一件無比愉悅的事情，所以選F項(xiàng)。] 2．D　[根據(jù)本段第一句“Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember.”可知，書信是作者生活中不可或缺的一部分，對(duì)她來說，只要是信就好，無論多短或多不整潔，所以選D項(xiàng)。] 3．G　[根據(jù)上文可知，作者和父母通信，由此可推知，這些信都是關(guān)于父母的一些生活瑣事以及他們的朋友的狀況的，所以選G項(xiàng)。] 4．E　[根據(jù)下句“I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking.”可推知，此處應(yīng)描述書信溝通的優(yōu)勢(shì)，與上文的“In my youth I seemed to attract people who had to work or study away at some time and we were only able to stay in touch by letter.”呼應(yīng)，所以選E項(xiàng)。] 5．C　[根據(jù)下文的“My daughter writes to me little letters，just as I did to my mother.”可知，作者自己的孩子也像作者一樣繼承了寫信的傳統(tǒng)，所以選C項(xiàng)。]