2019-2020年人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修三教學(xué)案：Unit 4 Section 1(含答案).doc

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If you watch the sky about an hour after the sun goes down, you may see some “moving stars”. But theyre not real stars. They are manmade satellites. And the biggest of all is the International Space Station (ISS國(guó)際空間站)From now until July is the best season to watch the ISS flying over the earth, and people can see it just with their eyes. The ISS is the biggest manmade satellite because scientists want to live on it. They think that the best way to learn more about space is to live there.When the space station is finished, it will be like a city in space. People will stay and study there with many of the things they have at home. Laboratories, living rooms and power stations are being built.The ISS is the most ambitious and expensive space program ever. Billions of dollars are being spent on it every year. Scientists hope that the ISS will be a steppingstone for future space exploration.“The ISS will help us better understand the human body, explore space and study the earth. It can help us make life on the earth better，”said Kathryn Clark, an ISS scientist.China is not an ISS country, but it has helped with some of theexperiments. China sent some rice up to the ISS to find outwhat space would do to it.The ISS is not finished yet. More than 100 parts need to beput on. Scientists hope it will be finished as soon as possible. After its finished, more than 90% of the worlds population will be able to see the Space Station. So keep looking up, and maybe youll see it get bigger.2019-2020年人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修三教學(xué)案：Unit 4 Section 1(含答案)原文呈現(xiàn)讀文清障HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHNo one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely acceptedtheory， the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and bine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after the “Big Bang”， the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to bee was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They werein time to produce carbondioxide， nitrogen， water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down， water began to appear on its surface.as it happened so long ago是as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。according to“根據(jù)”，后跟名詞、代詞等，不跟me, us, view, opinion等詞。widely accepted廣泛接受的theory/IrI/n學(xué)說(shuō)；理論begin with (start with) 從開(kāi)始，起源于Big Bang宇宙大爆炸；創(chuàng)世大爆炸in all directions (in every direction)朝四面八方atom/tm/n原子billion/bIlIn/pron.&n.&adj.英萬(wàn)億；美十億a cloud of dust一團(tuán)塵埃a cloud of 一般用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞。globe/lb/n球體；地球儀；地球global/lbl/adj.全球性的；全世界的violent/vaIlnt/adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的it為形式主語(yǔ)，whether從句為真正的主語(yǔ)。in time to do sth./for sth.及時(shí)做某事；來(lái)得及做某事in time及時(shí)；終于carbon dioxide二氧化碳carbon/kbn/n碳dioxide/daIksaId/n二氧化物nitrogen/naItrdn/n氮water vapour 蒸氣；水蒸氣vapour/veIp/n水蒸氣；蒸氣atmosphere/tmsfI/n大氣層；氣氛cool down 涼下來(lái)，冷卻地球上生命的起源第12段譯文沒(méi)有人確切知道地球是怎樣開(kāi)始的，因?yàn)樵诤芫靡郧八托纬闪恕Ｈ欢?，根?jù)一種普遍為人們所接受的理論，宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，這次大爆炸將物質(zhì)投射到四面八方。然后，原子開(kāi)始形成并結(jié)合成恒星和其他天體。大爆炸后好幾十億年過(guò)去了，地球還只是一團(tuán)塵埃。(隨后)它變成什么沒(méi)人確定，直到4538億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才慢慢地形成一個(gè)固態(tài)的球體。地球變得如此激烈動(dòng)蕩，以至于不知道這個(gè)固體形狀是否會(huì)繼續(xù)存在下去。它(地球)猛烈的爆炸噴出了烈火和巖石，最終產(chǎn)生了二氧化碳、氮?dú)?、水蒸氣和其他氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。更重要的是，隨著地球冷卻了下來(lái)，地球的表面開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了水。Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolveharmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction， which made it possible for life to develop.Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen， which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians， were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by layingeggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs， developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.unlike/nlaIk/prep.與不同；不像反義詞like prep.與相同fundamental/fndmentl/adj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的be fundamental to是的基礎(chǔ)It was not immediately obvious that ., it為形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語(yǔ)。the continued presence of water 水的長(zhǎng)期存在continued adj.持續(xù)不斷的presence/prezns/n出席；到場(chǎng)；存在dissolve/dIzlv/vt.&vi.溶解；解散harmful/hmfl/adj.有害的be harmful to對(duì)有害(do harm to)acid/sId/n酸a chain reaction連鎖反應(yīng)chain/teIn/n.鏈子；連鎖；鎖鏈in chains戴著鐐銬reaction/rIkn/n反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)multiply/mltIplaI/vi.&vt.乘；增加oxygen/ksIdn/n氧encourage vt.鼓勵(lì)；激勵(lì)；促進(jìn)；激發(fā)shellfish/elfI/n.水生有殼動(dòng)物called amphibians“被稱為兩棲動(dòng)物”，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)called .作后置定語(yǔ)。amphibian/mfIbIn/n兩棲動(dòng)物as well as 也；還；與一樣好reptile/reptaIl/n.爬行動(dòng)物；爬蟲(chóng)lay eggs下蛋；產(chǎn)卵dinosaur n恐龍exist/IgzIst/vi.存在；生存the age of the dinosaurs恐龍時(shí)代why引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。the rise of mammals哺乳動(dòng)物的興起mammal/mml/n哺乳動(dòng)物give birth to 產(chǎn)生；分娩第34段譯文在其他行星像火星上也出現(xiàn)了水，但和地球不同的是，這些水后來(lái)都消失了。水對(duì)生命的發(fā)展起關(guān)鍵作用，這一點(diǎn)在當(dāng)時(shí)并不明顯。很多科學(xué)家相信，地球上長(zhǎng)期有水存在，使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。這就產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。好幾百萬(wàn)年以后，水的表面開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了第一批極小的植物。它們繁殖起來(lái)使得海洋充滿了氧氣，這為早期的貝類及各種魚(yú)類后來(lái)的進(jìn)化創(chuàng)造了條件。接著，綠色植物開(kāi)始在陸地上生長(zhǎng)。隨后，陸地上出現(xiàn)了動(dòng)物，其中有一些是昆蟲(chóng)，另外一些叫兩棲動(dòng)物，它們既能在陸地上生活，也能在水里生活。后來(lái)，當(dāng)這些植物長(zhǎng)成森林時(shí)，爬行動(dòng)物第一次出現(xiàn)了。它們一般是通過(guò)孵蛋來(lái)繁衍后代的。再后來(lái)，一些叫恐龍的巨型動(dòng)物出現(xiàn)了。它們也生蛋，在地球上生存了一億四千多萬(wàn)年。然而，六千五百萬(wàn)年前，恐龍時(shí)代結(jié)束了。它們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)突然滅絕至今仍是個(gè)謎?？铸埖臏缃^使地球上哺乳動(dòng)物的興起成為了可能。這些動(dòng)物不同于以往所有的生命形態(tài)，因?yàn)樗鼈儚捏w內(nèi)生產(chǎn)出幼仔并給幼仔哺乳。Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn， bee the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may bee too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to e will depend on whether this problem can be solved.thus/s/adv.因此；于是in ones turn輪到某人；接著prevent .from doing阻止/制止做as a result of由于的結(jié)果too hot to live on太熱而不能在上面居住too .to .太而不能；live on中的on不能省略，因?yàn)閠he earth是其邏輯上的賓語(yǔ)，而live是不及物動(dòng)詞，后須加介詞才能跟賓語(yǔ)。depend on取決于；依靠第5段譯文最后，大約260萬(wàn)年前，一些小巧聰明、長(zhǎng)著手腳的動(dòng)物出現(xiàn)了，它們散布在地球的各個(gè)地方。于是，他們接著成了這個(gè)行星上最重要的動(dòng)物。然而，他們并沒(méi)有照顧好地球，他們把過(guò)多的二氧化碳排放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱量不能釋放到太空中去。因此，許多科學(xué)家相信地球可能會(huì)變得太熱而不適合(生物的)生存。所以，在未來(lái)的數(shù)百萬(wàn)年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個(gè)問(wèn)題能否得到解決。PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1astronomyA學(xué)說(shuō)；理論2system B猛烈的；激烈的3theory C大氣層；氣氛4violent D基本的；基礎(chǔ)的5atmosphere E乘；增加6fundamental F謎；(使)迷惑7harmful G存在；生存8multiply H有害的9exist I天文學(xué)10puzzle J系統(tǒng)；體系；制度11unlike K宗教；宗教信仰12religion L與不同；不像15_610_1112_答案：15IJABC610DHEGF1112LKLeadinLook at the pictures below and answer the following questions.1Are you interested in astronomy？What can you see in the following pictures?答案：A.The Solar SystemBThe Milky WayCThe Black Hole2Each religion and culture has its own ideas about how life began on earth. What do you know about the origin of life on earth?WhilereadingFastreading1First look at the title and the pictures of the text, and then skim the first sentence of each paragraph and finish the following question.Whats the main idea of the text?The passage mainly tells us the_formation_of_the_earth_and_the_development_of_life_on_it. 2.Match the main idea with the proper paragraph.(1)Paragraph 1AHow humans appeared and what effects they had on the earth.(2)Paragraph 2 BWater is very important to life on the earth.(3)Paragraph 3 CHow the earth formed.(4)Paragraph 4 DHow the plants and animals on the earth developed. (5)Paragraph 5 EIt is widely accepted that the universe began with a “Big Bang”答案：(1)(5)ECBDACarefulreadingChoose the best answers according to the text.1This passage is mainly about _.Athe earths atmosphereBthe solar systemCthe development of lifeDthe difference between the earth and other planets2What happened shortly after the “Big Bang”？AThe earth was just a cloud of energetic dust.BThe earth became a solid ball quickly.CThe earths atmosphere appeared.DWater stayed on the moon.3What makes the earth different from other planets?AIts quite warm on the earth.BThere is plenty of atmosphere.CSmall plants growing on the surface of the water appeared.DThe first oceans and seas were filled with oxygen.4When _， reptiles appeared.Athe first green plants began to appear on landBland animals appearedCthe plants grew into forestsDearly shellfish developed答案：14CACCStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.句式分析嘗試翻譯沒(méi)有人確切知道地球是怎樣開(kāi)始的，因?yàn)樵诤芫靡郧八托纬闪恕?What it was to bee was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.句式分析嘗試翻譯隨后它變成什么沒(méi)人確定，直到4538億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才慢慢地形成了一個(gè)固態(tài)的球體。3What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.句式分析這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句；that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句；as在表語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。嘗試翻譯更重要的是，隨著地球的不斷冷卻，地球表面出現(xiàn)了水。4So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to e will depend on whether this problem can be solved.句式分析嘗試翻譯所以，在未來(lái)的數(shù)百萬(wàn)年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個(gè)問(wèn)題能否得到解決。.閱讀理解AEdmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of ets (彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular et was a very difficult mathematical (數(shù)學(xué)) problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton though he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a et had the shape of an ellipse (橢圓)Now Halley set to work. He figured out (解決；計(jì)算出) the orbits of some of the ets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The ets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.This seemed very strange to Halley. The different ets followed the same orbit. The more halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different ets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same et three times. The et had gone away and had e back again.It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction (預(yù)言) of what et would happen in the future. He decided that this et would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halleys prediction could be tested. In 1758 the et appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he has died some years before. Ever since then that et has been called Halleys et, in his honor.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要介紹了200多年前英國(guó)科學(xué)家哈雷以及他的發(fā)現(xiàn)。1Halley made his discovery _.Aby doing experimentsBby means of his own careful observationCby using the work of other scientistsDby chance解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中第三段“He figured out (解決；計(jì)算出) the orbits of some of the ets that had been observed by scientists.”可知應(yīng)選C。2Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year _.A1704B1705C1706 D1707解析：選B數(shù)字計(jì)算題。第五段中的“He decided that this et would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halleys prediction could be tested.”這句話告訴我們：他預(yù)言彗星出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間是1758年，而這個(gè)預(yù)言還要經(jīng)過(guò)53年才能驗(yàn)證，由此可以推斷出哈雷做出這個(gè)預(yù)言的時(shí)間是1705年。3This passage in general is about _.AHalley and other scientistsBthe orbit of a etCNewton and HalleyDHalley and his discovery解析：選D主旨大意題。文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的發(fā)現(xiàn)。4Which of the following is TRUE?AEdmund Halley was an American scientist.BHalley made his discovery by doing experiments.CNewton was a famous mathematician.DThe orbit of a et had the shape of a circle.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章首句可以看出A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；從第1題的分析中可知B項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤；牛頓告訴哈雷彗星的軌道是橢圓形的，可排除D項(xiàng)。BThe plan：turn the Mars into a blue world with streams and green fields, and then fill it with creatures from the earth.This idea may sound like something from science fiction, but it is actually being taken seriously by many researchers.This suggests the future for the “red planet” will be the main topic for discussion at an international conference hosted by NASA this week. Leading researchers as well as science fiction writers will attend the event. It es as NASA is preparing a multibilliondollar Mars research programme.“Turning the Mars into a little earth has long been a topic in science fiction，”said Dr.Michael Meyer, NASAs senior scientist. “Now, with scientists exploring the reality, we can ask what are the real possibilities of changing the Mars.”Most scientists agree that the Mars could be turned into a little earth, although much time and money would be needed to achieve this goal. But many experts are shocked by the idea.“We are destroying our own world at an unbelievable speed and now we are talking about ruining another planet，” said Paul Murdin from the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK.Over the past months, scientists have bee increasingly confident they will find Martian life forms. Europe and Americas robot explorers have found the proof that water, mixed with soil, exists in large amounts on the planet.In addition, two different groups of scientists announced on March 28 that they had found signs of methane (甲烷) in the Martian atmosphere; the gas is a waste product of living creatures and could be produced by microbes (微生物) living in the red planets soil.But scientists such as Dr.Lisa Pratt, a biologist at Indiana University, say that these microbes will be put in danger by the little earth project.“Before we have even discovered if there is life on the Mars, we are talking about carrying out projects that would destroy all these native life forms, all the strange microbes that we hope to find buried in the soil，” said Dr. Pratt.Monica Grady, a planetary scientist at the Natural History Museum, London, shares this view.“We cannot risk starting a global experiment that would wipe out the precious information we are looking for，” she said. “This is just wrong.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。在太空開(kāi)拓人類新的生存領(lǐng)地一直是科幻小說(shuō)的主題，也是人類一直希望實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢(mèng)想。如今，美國(guó)的一部分科學(xué)家想把紅色火星改造成藍(lán)色的“生命天堂”。就這一提議科學(xué)家們展開(kāi)了討論。5The passage is about _.Aa plan turning the Mars into a little earthBthe necessity of changing the MarsCfinding water on the MarsDthe Mars supporting life解析：選A主旨大意題。由第一段可以看出，人們計(jì)劃將火星變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)小地球。后文就這一計(jì)劃是否應(yīng)該實(shí)施進(jìn)行了探討。故文章是圍繞將火星變?yōu)樾〉厍蜻@一話題展開(kāi)的。6Why is Dr. Lisa Pratt against the plan?AWater has been found on the Mars.BIt will cost too much money and work.CThe native life forms on the Mars would be destroyed.DThe earth is being destroyed at an unbelievable speed.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段中的“. these microbes will be put in danger by the little earth project.”可知，莉薩博士反對(duì)該計(jì)劃的原因是擔(dān)心火星上的微生物會(huì)受到破壞。7What could prove the existence of microbes living in the Mars soil?ALiquid water on the Mars.BSome creatures on the Mars.CA lot of good soil on the Mars.DSigns of methane in the Mars atmosphere.解析：選D推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第四段可以看出，科學(xué)家在火星上發(fā)現(xiàn)了甲烷，而甲烷是生物排放出的一種氣體。由此科學(xué)家認(rèn)為火星上有生物存在。8We can infer from the passage that _.Awater is a key factor for life; without it, living on the Mars would be impossibleBthe project wont affect the native life forms supposed to live on the MarsCthe idea turning the Mars into a little earth is nothing but science fictionDMonica Grady is in favour of carrying out the little earth project解析：選A推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第五段可知，科學(xué)家對(duì)于能夠在火星上發(fā)現(xiàn)生物非常有自信，因?yàn)闅W洲和美國(guó)的機(jī)器人已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了水存在的證據(jù)。由此我們可推知，水是生命存在的重要因素。CMy friend Tim was one of five children. His father was an alcoholic and died very young, and his mother was unable to support the family. Unfortunately, the children were separated and placed in foster homes (收養(yǎng)家庭)Tim dropped out of school and did nothing to further himself. He eventually went through a divorce. Tims brother, although experiencing the same childhood, educated himself and got a good job. He has a happy family and a wonderful home.Both brothers gave a similar answer when asked why their lives turned out the way they did. They said, “Youd turn out this way too if you had a childhood like mine.” Neither of the brothers could change his past, but one of them adjusted (調(diào)整) his sail.It doesnt take much to find an excuse whether that is our family background, our lack of education, or that we live in the wrong city, or do not know the right people. Each one of these excuses has a solution. However, if you believe that there is nothing you can do to turn your life around, then you wont be able to change your life for the better.If you really desire to turn your life to a new course, to set your sail to a different port, it is a matter of choice. If you choose to move forward, the easiest way is to find a solution to your todays situation. Solutions are there if you want to go after them. Sure, it may take some hard work, or the willingness to take a risk. But if you do not, then you will never have a different or happy life. Do not limit yourself by finding an excuse; only limit yourself by refusing to have an excuse.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文為夾敘夾議文。我們的過(guò)往是什么樣子并不是很重要，因?yàn)槲磥?lái)掌握在我們自己手里。9Why does Tims brother have a happy life?AHe had a happy childhood.BHe tried hard to change his life.CHe had a wonderful foster home.DHe was the smartest of his family.解析：選B推理判斷題。由第二段“Tims brother, although experiencing the same childhood, educated himself and got a good job.”可知，Tim的哥哥努力改變自己的命運(yùn)。10What did Tim think led to his unhappy life?AHis laziness.BNot adjusting his sail.CHis unhappy childhood.DNot having any opportunities.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段“They said, Youd turn out this way too if you had a childhood like mine.”可知，Tim將自己的不幸歸咎于自己不幸的童年。11In the authors opinion, his friend Tim _.Areally had no chance to improve his lifeBfailed because he lived in the wrong cityCwas the most unfortunate man in the worldDcould have changed his life if he had chosen to解析：選D推理判斷題。由第四段“Each one of these excuses has a solution. However, if you believe that there is nothing you can do to turn your life around, then you wont be able to change your life for the better.”可知，作者認(rèn)為T(mén)im本來(lái)是可以改變自己的人生的。12What is the best title for the text?AAdjust your sailBSay “no” to excusesCMove toward a happy familyDHow we live our life is a choice解析：選D標(biāo)題歸納題。由最后一段“If you really desire to turn your life to a new course, to set your sail to a different port, it is a matter of choice”可知，本文旨在告訴我們，想過(guò)什么樣的生活在于我們自己怎么選擇。.閱讀七選五It is often seen that in many homes young children ask their parents for a pet, and yet their parents refuse due to the fear of spreading illnesses and the responsibility that es with owning a pet.