2019版高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法突破篇 3 定語從句課件.ppt

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第三講定語從句 01 02 04 針對(duì)訓(xùn)練 03 定語從句的幾個(gè)問題 定語從句的種類 在復(fù)合句中 修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句 被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞 關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 1 限制性定語從句 它是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語 如果去掉 主句的意思就不完整或失去意義 這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切 書寫時(shí)不可用逗號(hào)分開 如果關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語 關(guān)系代詞通?？梢允÷?Doyouknowthegirlwhojustcamein 你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)剛剛進(jìn)來的女孩嗎 Shanghaiisacity that I vealwayswantedtovisit 上海是我一直想?yún)⒂^的城市 ThetimewhenIfirstmetMr Whitewasaverydifficultperiodofmylife 我第一次遇見懷特先生是我一生中非常困難的時(shí)期 2 非限制性定語從句 它只是對(duì)先行詞作附加補(bǔ)充說明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然清楚完整 這種從句與主句的關(guān)系不是很密切 書寫時(shí)往往用逗號(hào)分開 非限制性定語從句一般不用that引導(dǎo) Theoldwoman wholivesonherown hasacatforpany 這個(gè)老婦人一個(gè)人住 養(yǎng)了一只貓陪伴她 Beijing whichisthecapitalcityofChina isaverybeautifulcity 中國的首都北京是一座非常美麗的城市 關(guān)系詞的用法 1 關(guān)系代詞的用法 1 關(guān)系代詞的用法 Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich thatwasshownlastSunday 你認(rèn)為上周日上映的電影怎么樣 HeworkedoutthemostdifficultproblemthatIhadeverseen 他解答出了我所見過最難的題目 Childrenwhoarenotactiveorwhosedietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly 不愛活動(dòng)或飲食富含高脂肪的孩子體重會(huì)增加很快 Hehasmovedintoahousewhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea 他已經(jīng)搬進(jìn)了一個(gè)窗子朝向大海的房子 1 關(guān)系代詞的用法 HenryisthemostenergeticyoungmanthatIhaveevereacross 亨利是我見過的最有活力的年輕人 在限制性定語從句中指代物時(shí) which和that一般可通用 但要注意以下幾種情況 只用that而不用which的情況 先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí) 先行詞有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí) Thisisthethirdtimethattheyhavemet 這是他們第三次見面 1 關(guān)系代詞的用法 Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthathehadvisited 他談?wù)摿怂菰L過的學(xué)校和老師 只用that而不用which的情況 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí) 先行詞為all much few little something everything anything nothing none等不定代詞時(shí) I dliketotellyousomethingthatmightmakeyousurprised 我想告訴你一件可能會(huì)讓你吃驚的事情 先行詞前面有thevery theonly thesame any few little no all oneof等詞修飾時(shí) ThisistheveryroomthatIsleptinthatevening 這正是我那天晚上睡覺的房間 1 關(guān)系代詞的用法 IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek whichmyclassmatesremendedtome 我上周從圖書館借了 夏洛克 福爾摩斯 這本書 這是我的同學(xué)推薦給我的 只用which而不用that的情況 引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句時(shí) 在定語從句中 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí) IwasputinapositioninwhichIhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant 我被置之于我不得不接受我不重要的境地 2 關(guān)系副詞的用法 2 關(guān)系副詞的用法 WewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextSundaywhentheweathermaybebetter WewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextSundayonwhichtheweathermaybebetter 我們把野餐推遲到下周日 那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)變好 WhenIarrived hetookmetoseethehousewhereIwouldbestaying WhenIarrived hetookmetoseethehouseinwhichIwouldbestaying 當(dāng)我到達(dá)時(shí) 他帶我去看了我將要住的房子 ThereasonwhyIdon ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies ThereasonforwhichIdon ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒謊 2 關(guān)系副詞的用法 名師指津 where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí) 不僅僅修飾具體的地點(diǎn) 還可以修飾抽象的地點(diǎn) 此時(shí)先行詞常為situation case point等抽象名詞 Hegotintoasituationwhereitwashardtodecidewhatwasrightandwrong 他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面 3 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別 正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞 關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)什么成分 而不僅僅取決于先行詞是什么 如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語 就用關(guān)系代詞 如果關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語 就用關(guān)系副詞 試比較 Thisisthecollege that which Ivisited ThisisthecollegewhereIstudiedthreeyearsago I llneverforgettheday that which wespenttogether I llneverforgetthedaywhenIgotmarried 4 介詞 關(guān)系代詞 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 4 介詞 關(guān)系代詞 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎 on與theday搭配 TradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhichtheGreensaredevoted 皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事業(yè) bedevotedto為固定搭配 Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding mostofwhomarefamilymembers 約翰邀請(qǐng)了大約40人參加他的婚禮 他們當(dāng)中絕大部分都是家人 4 介詞 關(guān)系代詞 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 名師指津 whose也可以放在介詞后 即 介詞 whose 名詞 結(jié)構(gòu) 個(gè)別情況下也可以用 介詞 when where IwishtothankProfessorSmith withoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar 我想要感謝史密斯教授 沒有他的幫助 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)取得這么大的成就 Sheclimbeduptothetopofthehill fromwhereshecouldhaveagoodviewofthewholetown 她登上山頂 從那里她可以一覽全城風(fēng)光 5 as引導(dǎo)的定語從句及其與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別 It sthesamepersonaswewantedtofindyesterday 我們昨天要找的是同一個(gè)人 SuchgirlsasheknowsaregoodatEnglish 他所認(rèn)識(shí)的女孩都擅長英語 Shewillmarryaswealthyamanasshecanfind 她將嫁給她能找到的任何一個(gè)有錢人 其主要結(jié)構(gòu)有 thesame as such as as so as 等 主句中出現(xiàn)thesame as such so修飾先行詞 需選擇as作關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語 5 as引導(dǎo)的定語從句及其與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別 名師指津 thesame such so引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別thesame such so可以與as或that搭配 as引導(dǎo)的是定語從句 在從句中充當(dāng)成分 而that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句 從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整 Itissobreathtakingaparkthateveryonewantstovisitit 結(jié)果狀語從句 Itissobreathtakingaparkaseveryonewantstovisit 定語從句 5 as引導(dǎo)的定語從句及其與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別 as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)都可以代指整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容 其主要區(qū)別如下 5 as引導(dǎo)的定語從句及其與which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別 Aseveryoneknows Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory 每個(gè)人都知道 中國是一個(gè)有著悠久歷史的美麗國家 Thesunheatstheearth whichisveryimportanttous 太陽使地球暖起來 這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?名師指津 當(dāng)非限制性定語從句的謂語為被動(dòng)式謂語時(shí) 常用as引導(dǎo) asbeannounced asbeexpected asbeknown asbereported asbesaid asbeshownTheairqualityinthecity asisshowninthereport hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths 正如報(bào)告所顯示的那樣 在過去的兩個(gè)月里 這個(gè)城市的空氣質(zhì)量已有所改善 定語從句的幾個(gè)問題 1 定語從句中的主謂一致 Heisthemanwho thatwantstoseeyou Thepicturesthat whichlookbeautifulweredrawnbyhim Liquidwaterchangestovapor whichiscalledevaporation 蒸發(fā) Asisusual Hanscametoschoollatethismorning 2 非限制性定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別 區(qū)分辦法主要看前后句之間是否有and but等并列連詞或分號(hào)等的存在 若有 則為并列句 如果只有逗號(hào) 且逗號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面某一名詞的補(bǔ)充說明 則為非限制性定語從句 Inourclassthereare46students ofwhomhalfwearglasses 定語從句 Inourclassthereare46students andhalfofthemwearglasses 并列句 3 定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句的區(qū)別 where可以引導(dǎo)定語從句 也可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句 二者的區(qū)別主要看有無先行詞 Ricegrowswellintheplacewherethereisenoughwater 定語從句 Ricegrowswellwherethereisenoughwater 地點(diǎn)狀語從句 單句語法填空 1 Likeanything itispossibletohavetoomuchoffatandsalt isnotgoodforthehealth 2017 全國卷 2 Sarah hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty 2017 全國卷 3 Myeldestson worktakeshimallovertheworld isinNewYorkatthemoment 2017 天津卷 4 Thelittleproblems wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions 2017 北京卷 5 In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme oneof purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation 2017 江蘇卷 which who whose that which 不填 whose 單句語法填空 6 MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid 1980s IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter 2016 全國卷 7 Istillrememberthefarm myparentsworkedtenyearsago 8 Iboughtagreatmanybooks whichIspentallmymoneythatIhadsaved 9 Thereissowarmahouse wewanttolivein 10 Theonlything isslowerthanbeforeisthewaywedrive when where on as that 單句語法填空 11 Thereisnosimpleanswer isoftenthecaseinscience 12 Theyhavereachedthepoint theyhavetoseparatewitheachother 13 Rememberthatthereisstillonepoint wemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow 14 Thereason whichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear 15 Lilytookafewfriendstomybirthdayparty noneof Iwasfamiliarwith as where which for whom 單句改錯(cuò) 1 Intheirsparetime theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse 2017 全國卷 2 Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments 2017 全國卷 3 ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom sfavorite 4 Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o clockatnight 5 Wewentuptotheroof fromwhichwehadagoodviewoftheprocession which that which that which或去掉what which where 單句改錯(cuò) 6 Thechildren allofthemhadplayedthewholedaylong werewornout 7 Myhouse thatIboughttwoyearsago hasgotalovelygarden 8 Whichweknow smokingisharmfultoone shealth 9 Thisisthemuseumwherewevisitedlastsummer 10 Isthisthereasonwhyheexplainedforhisrudenessatthemeeting whom 或where which that which As 或why which that 翻譯句子 1 上周你看見的那個(gè)人已離開了城鎮(zhèn) whom that在從句中作賓語 2 桂林是座具有2000年歷史的城市 which that在從句子中作主語 3 住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語說得很好 who that在從句中作主語 4 他給我們講了許多我們從來沒有聽說過的有趣的人和事 that在從句中作賓語 Themanwhom thatyousawlastweekhasleftthetown Guilinisacitywhich thathasahistoryof2 000years Themanwho thatlivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishwell Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersonsthatwehadneverheard 翻譯句子 5 查理 史密斯去年退休了 他曾經(jīng)是我的老師 who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 6 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園 which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 7 正如一句諺語所說 只工作 不玩耍 聰明孩子也變傻 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 8 在漢語演講比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng) 這是我做夢(mèng)也沒有想到的 which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 CharlieSmith whowasmyformerteacher retiredlastyear Myhouse whichIboughtlastyear hasgotalovelygarden Asasayinggoes AllworkbutnoplaymakesJackadullboy IwonthefirstprizeintheChinesespeechpetition whichwasbeyondmywildestdreams 語法填空 LaughterYogaisanewformofexercise1 promotestheuseoflaughterasaformofphysicalexercise It2 create inthemid 1990sasasocialexperiment AlthoughitcamefromIndiaand3 definite includessomeyoga don texpectittohavemuchinmonwiththeyogaclasses4 offer atyourlocalstudioorgym LaughterYogaattachesmoreimportancetotheformerthantothelatter Themethodbeganin1995whenDr MadanKatariacalledonagroupofstudentsinapark5 test whetherintroducingregularlaughterintopeople sliveswouldimprovetheirwell being Katariaalsointroduceddeepbreathingandsimplestretchesintotheexercises that which wascreated definitely offered totest 語法填空 Medicalresearchhassuggested6 laughingisagoodwaytoreducestressandhelppeoplefeelgood Kataria sLaughterClubsarepoppingupinresponse7 people sneedtohandle8 press KatariaalsooffersbooksandDVDstopeople9 don thaveaccesstoalocalLaughterClub However connectingwithotherhumansisabigpartofLaughterYoga ssuccessin10 help peoplefeelbetterandexperiencemorejoy that to pressure who that helping TheLanternFestivalthisyearfellonFebruary11th Onthatdayafterschool Ihurriedbacktohometojoininthepreparationofthebigfamilydinner GrandparentstaughtmehowtomakesweetdumplingswhileDadandMommadedish Thenesthedinnertime Weallagreedthathomemadedumplingstastedmanysweeter Wechattedhappily enjoythefamilytogetherness Afterthedinner wewenttothepark wherewasbuilt100yearsago toappreciatethebeautifullanterns Twohugedragonlanternsespecialamazedusandwecouldn thelpflashourcameras Walkingintheparkandadmiringthebeautifulmoon wefeltweweresoluckilytohaveeachotherasafamilyandvaluedthetimewhenwespenttogether WhatafantasticLanternFestival 短文改錯(cuò) dishes came much enjoying which especially flashing lucky that which或去掉when