2018-2019學(xué)年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 3 Inventors and inventions高考試卷分塊專(zhuān)練 新人教版選修8.doc

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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 高考試卷分塊專(zhuān)練 Ⅰ.完形填空 Resealable (可密封的) plastic bags — sometimes called by a brand name, such as Ziploc — are those little clear plastic bags you use to keep your sandwiches and chips fresh. They usually have some sort of sealing mechanism, like a plastic zipper, which allows you to seal the bag to keep __1__ out. Keeping air away from __2__ allows them to stay fresh longer. Bacteria and other organisms in the air will __3__ food items over time if allowed to e into __4__ with them. Sealed plastic bags keep these organisms __5__ getting to your food. Resealable plastic bags can be used for more than just __6__ sandwiches, chips and snacks to school for lunch. Theyre also used to keep leftovers __7__ in the refrigerator. Many people also use them to __8__ food in the freezer for use in the future. The __9__ of the resealable plastic bag started out in 1951 at a pany named Flexigrip, Inc. Flexigrip __10__ a plastic zipper from patents which was bought from __11__ Borge Madsen. These zippers were __12__ used as parts of binders and briefcases. Over time, __13__， plastic zipper bags were developed. Eventually, in 1968, Dow Chemical pany __14__ to market its Ziploc brand of resealable plastic bags to grocery stores. They turned out to be very __15__. Today, these types of bags are __16__ in many different sizes and styles, from snack and sandwich bags to craft and freezer bags. You can also buy bags with expandable bottoms that __17__ on their own. Some bags even allow you to __18__ food in the microwave! However, now many people try to use __19__ plastic because of its effect on the environment. So manufacturers of resealable plastic bags have taken __20__ to bee more environmentally friendly. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要介紹了可密封塑料袋的用途及發(fā)展史。同時(shí)指出，為了減少污染，這種塑料袋的生產(chǎn)廠家也采取措施以使他們的產(chǎn)品更加環(huán)保。 1．A.air　　　　　　　　　 B．water C．dust D．fog 解析：選A　由第二段開(kāi)頭的“Keeping air away”可知，此處指把空氣阻擋在外面。 2．A.plants B．containers C．bags D．foods 解析：選D　根據(jù)下文中的“Bacteria and other organisms in the air will __3__ food items over time”可知，此處指讓空氣和食物隔離，以便食物保鮮的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)些，故選foods。 3．A.bring in B．take out C．break down D．deal with 解析：選C　空氣中細(xì)菌和其他微生物會(huì)分解食物導(dǎo)致食物變質(zhì)。break down意為“分解”。 4．A.relation B．contact C．connection D．contract 解析：選B　如果細(xì)菌和其他微生物與食物接觸，食物將會(huì)很快變質(zhì)。contact意為“接觸”；relation意為“關(guān)系”；connection意為“連接”；contract意為“合同”。 5．A.from B．a(chǎn)gainst C．through D．beyond 解析：選A　keep ... from ...為固定搭配，意為“阻止……”。 6．A.following B．presenting C．supplying D．transporting 解析：選D　下文中的“to school for lunch”說(shuō)明，此處指攜帶食物到學(xué)校。 7．A.wet B．fresh C．thin D．hard 解析：選B　根據(jù)句中的“in the refrigerator”及生活常識(shí)可知，它們也被用來(lái)保持剩余的食物新鮮。 8．A.store B．cook C．share D．produce 解析：選A　本段主要介紹可密封塑料袋能用來(lái)保存食物，因此這里指儲(chǔ)存食物。 9．A.result B．humour C．history D．success 解析：選C　根據(jù)下文中的“started out in 1951 at a pany named Flexigrip, Inc”可知，此處提到這種可密封塑料袋的歷史。 10．A.discovered B．developed C．spread D．a(chǎn)pproved 解析：選B　此處表示買(mǎi)了專(zhuān)利以后，研發(fā)了塑料拉鏈。 11．A.writer B．teacher C．doctor D．inventor 解析：選D　句中patents說(shuō)明，博爾格馬森是一位發(fā)明家。 12．A.eventually B．frequently C．originally D．naturally 解析：選C　根據(jù)下文中的“Over time, __13__， plastic zipper bags were developed.”可知，此處談的是塑料拉鏈袋的最初情況，故選originally。eventually意為“終于”。 13．A.however B．besides C．therefore D．otherwise 解析：選A　最初，塑料拉鏈袋的用途很少，后來(lái)它得到了發(fā)展。此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折。 14．A.agreed B．began C．promised D．preferred 解析：選B　最后，陶氏化學(xué)公司開(kāi)始將塑料拉鏈袋投入市場(chǎng)。 15．A.necessary B．famous C．funny D．popular 解析：選D　文章介紹了這種塑料袋的發(fā)展。它也很受歡迎。 16．A.precious B．expensive C．a(chǎn)vailable D．fashionable 解析：選C　根據(jù)“in many different sizes and styles, from snack and sandwich bags to craft and freezer bags”可知，這些袋子有很多不同的尺寸和樣式，在很多地方可以使用。 17．A.move B．stand C．float D．remain 解析：選B　根據(jù)句中的“bags with expandable bottoms”可知，袋子底部可伸展，因此它能豎起來(lái)。 18．A.heat B．taste C．find D．purchase 解析：選A　根據(jù)“in the microwave”可知，把食物放入微波爐中，為的是給食物加熱。 19．A.more B．smaller C．larger D．less 解析：選D　根據(jù)“because of its effect on the environment”可知，人們現(xiàn)在盡量少使用塑料袋。 20．A.chances B．steps C．photos D．orders 解析：選B　他們已經(jīng)采取措施以使他們的產(chǎn)品更加環(huán)保。take steps意為“采取措施”。 Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空 Since 2012, Suy Senglim, a Cambodian (柬埔寨的) man, has used his love of photography for a good cause: protecting wildlife. As more and more animal species began to disappear, he grew worried.So he created a photo project, __1__ will bring more attention to the loss of natural habitat in Cambodia. Suy Senglim __2__ (careful) documents each species he photographs. He records the mon name of each creature, its scientific name and identifying qualities, and whether or not the species is endangered. He hopes __3__ (educate) Cambodians about the importance of bird species and the effect that __4__ (develop) has on nature. The Giant Ibis is Cambodias national bird.It __5__ (consider) endangered now, with its population decreasing every year.His photography work has shown him how lack __6__ education and law enforcement makes the problem worse. “Hunting is at the root of Cambodian culture，” he said.But he notes that centuries ago, there were __7__ (many) animals and fewer people.Therefore, educating Cambodians about the need for saving wildlife resources __8__ (be) very important. Suy Senglim is working on a book on 100 bird species from among the 400 species he has photographed.He hopes to publish __9__ book in early 2018.He also looks forward to __10__ (influence) the new generation of naturelovers in high schools and colleges. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：一位柬埔寨攝影愛(ài)好者試圖通過(guò)攝影出書(shū)的方式喚醒本國(guó)人保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物的意識(shí)。 1．which　先行詞為“a photo project”，后面定語(yǔ)從句缺乏主語(yǔ)，所以用which引導(dǎo)。 2．carefully　此處為副詞修飾動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。 3．to educate　hope to do sth.“希望做某事”。 4．development　空格處以及后面的部分是先行詞effect的定語(yǔ)從句，而從句中又缺少主語(yǔ)，所以用develop的名詞形式development。 5．is considered　主語(yǔ)it與consider之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式，所以用is considered。 6．of　lack作名詞時(shí)，有詞組(the) lack of sth.表示缺乏某物。 7．more　根據(jù)前后語(yǔ)境，尤其是“and fewer people”可知這里需要用many的比較級(jí)形式，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在情況的對(duì)比。 8．is　此處所述是一般情況，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，后面動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 9．the　前一句已經(jīng)提到了這本書(shū)，此處為第二次提到，故用定冠詞the，表示特指。 10．influencing　look forward to意為“盼望”，to為介詞，用動(dòng)詞ing形式。 Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空 As a famous productive poet, Lu You from the Song Dynasty wrote more than 20,000 poems in his lifetime. The reason __1__ Lu You could write so much poetry was that he was talented, but more __2__ (important), he also lived a long life. According to historical records, he lived to be 85 years old, the __3__ (long) living poet in the Song Dynasty. However, Lu You was weak when he was a child. Lu You joined the military as __4__ adviser in his middle ages and __5__ (start) to exercise his body and learn martial arts. After training for two years, Lu You could shoot down a flying eagle __6__ (use) a bow and arrow, and he even killed a tiger. During his later years, Lu You started the body building __7__ (call) chosho, or shouts, a long and loud cry. Chosho was quite popular in ancient __8__ (time), which was not roaring or whistling, but a __9__ (skill) health method. When ancient people did chosho, they opened their body, breathed in deep and then breathed out in rhyme. Chosho can relax your body and put you in a good mood. __10__ Lu You, chosho helped him get rid of diseases and medicine. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇人物介紹，主要介紹了宋朝的著名詩(shī)人陸游，他是宋朝最長(zhǎng)壽的詩(shī)人。本文主要介紹了他長(zhǎng)壽的原因。 1．why　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是reason，關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，故用why引導(dǎo)此定語(yǔ)從句。 2．importantly　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾整個(gè)句子。故填importantly。 3.longest　根據(jù)空格前的定冠詞the可知，此處表示壽命最長(zhǎng)的詩(shī)人，應(yīng)用最高級(jí)。故填longest。 4．a(chǎn)n　此處表示泛指，意為“作為一名顧問(wèn)”， adviser是可數(shù)名詞，且其讀音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，故用不定冠詞an。 5．started　結(jié)合上下文可知，文章談?wù)摰亩际沁^(guò)去的事情，因此空格處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填started。 6．using　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的謂語(yǔ)是“could shoot down”，故空格處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)形式。由于use與主語(yǔ)Lu You之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作方式狀語(yǔ)。故填using。 7．called　call與被修飾詞body building之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用其過(guò)去分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)。故填called。 8．times　空格處表示時(shí)代，應(yīng)用time的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填times。 9．skillful　空格處修飾名詞詞組health method，故應(yīng)用其形容詞形式作定語(yǔ)，表示“一種有技巧的健康方式”。故填skillful。 10．For　此處指“對(duì)于陸游來(lái)說(shuō)，長(zhǎng)嘯幫助他擺脫了疾病和藥物”?？崭裉幈硎尽皩?duì)于……”，故用介詞For。 Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò) I am Li Hua, a child lives in this munity. Most of the children in our munity feel lonely and boring. To change this situation, Id like to offer some suggestion. First, would you please organize the children to clean up our neighborhood regular? Through this activity, we can know with each other and make new friends. Second, I wonder if you could find us a room to do our homework such that we can help and learn each other. Third, I thought its a good idea to encourage children to join the munitys football club. I hope we can get much involved in our munity and my life will be colorful and full of fun. 答案：第一句：lives→living或lives前加who 第二句：boring→bored 第三句：suggestion→suggestions 第四句：regular→regularly 第五句：去掉with 第六句：such→so; learn后加from 第七句：thought→think 第八句：much→more; my→our Ⅲ.書(shū)面表達(dá) 假如你校這個(gè)周末舉行60 年校慶，校團(tuán)委發(fā)出通知要招聘一批志愿者，要求如下： 1．具有為校慶服務(wù)的熱情，能為各方來(lái)賓做好服務(wù)工作； 2．對(duì)學(xué)校歷史比較了解，有較好的溝通能力，能作學(xué)校文化的傳播者； 3．漢語(yǔ)及英語(yǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，身體健康，周末每天工作8小時(shí)。 假設(shè)你是李華，具備以上條件，請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一封申請(qǐng)信。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．信的格式已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯：60年校慶　the 60th anniversary of our school Dear Sir or Madam， Yours sincerely， Li Hua 參考范文： Dear Sir or Madam， Thank you for your time to read my letter. With the ing of the 60th anniversary of our school, Id like to be a volunteer. Ill try my best to serve our distinguished guests with enthusiasm. I have a good understanding of our school. I am sure Ill not only offer good service to the guests, but Ill also act as an excellent municator of our schools history and culture. Whats more, I can speak standard Chinese and English. I have no trouble working 8 hours a day this ing weekend. Last but not least, I will value the chance and do all I can if I am accepted. Yours sincerely， Li Hua