高級英丘吉爾演講、馬克吐溫.doc

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1.Speech on Hitler Invasion of the U.S.S.R“Behind all this glare. behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who plan, organize, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind.在這番刀光劍影、血雨腥風(fēng)的背后，我看到了那一小撮謀劃、組織并向人類發(fā)起這場恐怖戰(zhàn)爭的惡棍“I have to declare the decision of His Majestys Governmentand I feel sure it is a decision in which the great Dominions will in due course concurfor we must speak out now at once, without a days delay. I have to make the declaration, but can you doubt what our policy will be? We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. From this nothing will turn usnothing. We will never parley,we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with Gods help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its people from his yoke. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid.Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.That is our policy and that is our declaration.It follows therefore that we shall give whatever help we can to Russia and the Russian people.We shall appeal to all our friends and allies in every part of the world to take the same course and pursue it,as we shall faithfully and stead-fastly to the end. 現(xiàn)在我必須宣布大英帝國的決定，我確信偉大的自治領(lǐng)地在適當(dāng)時(shí)候會(huì)一致同意這個(gè)決定。然而我們必須立即宣布這項(xiàng)決定，一天也不能耽擱。我必須發(fā)表這項(xiàng)聲明，難道你們會(huì)懷疑我們的政策嗎？我們只有一個(gè)目標(biāo)，一個(gè)唯一的，不可能變的目標(biāo)，那就是一定要消滅希特勒和納粹政權(quán)的一切痕跡。什么也不能使我們改變這個(gè)決定。什么也不能！我們決不妥協(xié)；我們決不同希特勒或他的任何黨羽談判。我們將在陸地上同他戰(zhàn)斗，直至借上帝之力，在地球上清除他的陰影，并把地球上的人民從他的枷鎖中解放出來。我們將援助任何一個(gè)同納粹主義作戰(zhàn)的人或者國家。我們將敵視任何一個(gè)助紂為虐的人或國家這就是我們的政策，這就是我們的宣言。因此，我們將盡力援助（前）蘇聯(lián)和（前）蘇聯(lián)人民。我們將呼吁世界各地的朋友和盟友與我們同心協(xié)力，忠誠不渝地斗爭到底“This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party. It is not for me to speak of the action of the Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken. On the contrary, we shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts to rescue mankind from his tyranny. We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and in resources.這絕不是階級戰(zhàn)爭。這是一場大英帝國和英聯(lián)邦，不分種族，不分信仰，不分黨派，共同參與的戰(zhàn)爭。我無權(quán)代表美國方面做任何行動(dòng)宣言，但我要聲明一點(diǎn)，如果希特勒認(rèn)為他對（前）蘇聯(lián)的進(jìn)攻會(huì)稍稍轉(zhuǎn)移那些一心埋葬他的偉大的民主國家的目標(biāo)或者使他們斗志松懈的話，那么他就大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)了。恰恰相反，我們將會(huì)更加堅(jiān)定，勇敢地為將人類從他的暴政下解救出來而奮斗，我們將加強(qiáng)自己的決心和力量，絕不退縮。“This is no time to moralise on the follies of countries and Governments which have allowed themselves to be struck down one by one, when by united action they could have saved the world from this catastrophe. But when I spoke a few minutes ago of Hitlers bold-lust and the hateful appetites which have impelled or lured him on his Russian adventure. I said there was one deeper motive behind his outrage. He wishes to destroy the Russian power because he hopes that if he succeeds in this he will be able to bring back the main strength of his Army and Air Force from the East and hurl it upon this Island, which he knows he must conquer or suffer the penalty of his crimes. His invasion of Russia is no more than a prelude to an attempted invasion of the British Isles. He hops, no doubt, that all this may be accomplished before the winter comes, and that he can overwhelm Great Britain before the Fleet and air-power of the United States may intervene. He hopes that he may once again repeat, upon a greater scale than ever before, that process of destroying his enemies one by one by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then the scene will be clear for the final act, without which all his conquests would be in vain-namely, the subjugation of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system.那些遭到德軍各個(gè)擊破的國家和政府，當(dāng)初若是采取聯(lián)合行動(dòng)，原本是可以使自己和全世界免遭劫難的。當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在不是對他們的愚蠢行為發(fā)表評論的時(shí)候。但我在幾分鐘前談到希特勒嗜血成性、欲壑難填的本性驅(qū)使并引誘他發(fā)動(dòng)了對（前）蘇聯(lián)的貿(mào)然進(jìn)攻時(shí)，我說過在他的 瘋狂行為背后隱藏著一個(gè)蓄謀已久的動(dòng)機(jī)。他之所以想摧毀蘇聯(lián)軍隊(duì)，是因?yàn)樗谕坏┻@一行動(dòng)得手，他便可以將其他陸軍和空軍主力從東線調(diào)回，進(jìn)而投入到對英國的進(jìn)攻中去。他明白，他必須征服英國，否則，他將為他的罪行付出代價(jià)。希特勒侵略（前）蘇聯(lián)只不過是蓄謀侵略不列顛諸島的前奏。毫無疑問，他期望在冬季到來之前完成這一切，并在美國海軍和空軍干涉之前擊潰英國。他指望更大規(guī)模地故伎重演，各個(gè)擊破。他一直以來都是憑借這種伎倆得逞的。那是，他就可以為最后行動(dòng)清除障礙了，也就是說，他就要迫使西半球屈從于他的意志和制度下了，而如果做不到這一點(diǎn)，他的一切征服都將化為泡影。1.Mark Twain-Mirror of America Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finnidyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom sawyer endless summer of freedom and adventure. Indeed, this nations best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined .I found another Twain as well-one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多數(shù)美國人印象中，馬克吐溫是位偉大的作家，他向我們描述了哈克 貝利費(fèi)恩再其永恒的童年時(shí)代充滿詩情畫意的旅行，還有湯姆索亞在漫長的夏日里自由自在的探險(xiǎn)故事。的確，這位最受美國人喜愛的作家完全像人們想象的那樣富有冒險(xiǎn)精神、愛國、浪漫和幽默。但我同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)馬克吐溫的另一面一個(gè)由于飽受了人生悲劇的打擊而變得憤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的馬克吐溫，一個(gè)位人類的弱點(diǎn)所困惑而憂心忡忡、清楚地看到前途一片黑暗的馬克吐溫。Tramp printer ,river pilot, Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer.He adopt his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days,signaling two fathoms(12feet)of watera navigable depth.His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print,and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、領(lǐng)航員、南部聯(lián)邦游擊隊(duì)員、淘金者、耽于幻想的樂觀派、言辭刻薄的諷刺家馬克吐溫原名叫塞繆爾 朗格合恩 克勒孟斯，他用一生中超過三分之一的時(shí)間游歷于美國各地，親身體驗(yàn)美國的新生活，然后便以作家和演講家的身份與全世界一同分享他的感受。他的筆名來自他在汽船上做工時(shí)聽到的水手們測量水深時(shí)的喊聲，意思是“水深兩?。?2英尺）即可以通航的信號(hào)語。在他的作品中，由二十多部至今仍在印刷發(fā)行，在世界各地其譯本也被廣泛閱讀，這足以證明他受歡迎的程度。The geographic core in Twains early years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportation in the young nations heart. Keelboats, flatboats, and large rafts carried the first major commerce. Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country, sugar, molasses, cotton, and whiskey traveled north. In the 1850s, before the climax of westward expansion, the vast-basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States.馬克吐溫青年時(shí)，美國的地理中心是密西西比河流域，而對于這個(gè)新興國家來說，密西西比河就是其交通大動(dòng)脈。運(yùn)貨船、平底船和大木筏運(yùn)載著最初的主要商品。木材、玉米、煙草、小麥和皮毛制品順流而下，被運(yùn)送到該流域的三角洲地區(qū)，砂糖、糖蜜、棉花和威士忌酒則被輸送到北方地區(qū)。19世紀(jì)50年代，在西部運(yùn)動(dòng)高潮到來之前，遼闊的密西西比河流域占當(dāng)時(shí)美國已居住領(lǐng)土面積的四分之三。Mark Twains own Declaration of Independence came from another character.Six chapters into Tom Sawyer,he drags inthe juvenile pariah of the village,Hucklebeery Finn, son of the town drunkard.Fleeing a respectable life with the puritanical Widow Douglas,Huck protests to his friend,Tom Sawyer:Ive tried it,and it dont work,Tom.It aint for me.The widder eats by a bell；she goes to bed by a bell；she gits up by a bell everythings so awful reglar a body cant stand it. 馬克吐溫本人的獨(dú)立宣言表現(xiàn)在另一個(gè)人物形象上。從湯姆索亞歷險(xiǎn)記第六章起，他引入了“村里的一個(gè)流浪兒，鎮(zhèn)上酒鬼的兒子哈克貝利費(fèi)恩”。由于不習(xí)慣在清教徒道格拉斯寡婦家的體面生活，哈克逃了出來，他向他的朋友湯姆抱怨到：“我試過了，但還是不行了；真難受啊，湯姆。我真不適合過這種日子那寡婦要聽鐘聲吃飯，聽鐘聲睡覺，連起床也要聽鐘聲一句話，什么事都規(guī)規(guī)矩矩的，真叫人受不了。”Nine years after Tom Sawyer sweptthe nation,Huck was given a life of his own ,in a book often considerd the best ever written about Americans.His raft flight downtheMississippi with a runaway slave presents a moving panoranla for exploration of American Society.湯姆索亞歷險(xiǎn)記風(fēng)靡美國九年后，馬克吐溫在一部被公認(rèn)為描寫美國人的最為成功的作品里賦予了哈克獨(dú)立的生命。哈克同一個(gè)逃亡的奴隸乘著木筏沿著密西西比河順流而下，他們的航程。生動(dòng)地展示了一幅美國社會(huì)生活的全貌。