Unit 1 school life 講解與練習(xí)

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1、難句分析 1. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. (P2) 我在英國上了一年的中學(xué)，那是一段令我非常開心、非常興奮的經(jīng)歷。 【分析講解】 本句是V-ing作主語，表示一般的行為。另外，動詞不定式to do也可以用來作主語，表示具體的行為，通常表示將來的行為，但這種用法在非正式文體中很少見，常用it 作先行主語，而把動詞不定式放在后面。如： Taking care of children is her full-time job.

2、 照看孩子是她的專職工作。（一般行為） It is quite necessary to read this article many times. 多讀幾次這篇課文是完全必要的。（具體行為） 動詞不定式和V-ing作主語的這種區(qū)別也適用于作表語的情況。如： Her job is taking care of children.她的工作是照看小孩。（一般行為） Our plan is to finish the work in three months. 我們的計(jì)劃是三個月后完成這項(xiàng)工作。（具體行為） 【溫馨提示】 課文中的“He also told us that the best

3、 way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades. (P2)” 這也是一個非常實(shí)用的句型哦，看看還能用在哪些情景中？ 2. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English. （P2）我發(fā)現(xiàn)這里的家庭作業(yè)不

4、像我在原來學(xué)校時那么繁重。 【分析講解1】 句中what 起名詞+關(guān)系代詞的作用，意為the thing(s) which。如： —What did your parents think about your decision? 你的父母對你的決定有什么看法？ —They always let me do what I think I should. 他們總是讓我做我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該做的事。 (2006 全國II) what 只用作名詞性關(guān)系詞；不能用作普通關(guān)系詞，放在名詞或代詞的后面。如： I hope you’re going to give me what I need. 我

5、希望你能滿足我的要求。 We haven’t got everything that you ordered. 你要的，我們不是樣樣都有。（不能說： ... everything what ...） 【分析講解2】 本句中the homework was ... school是主句謂語 動詞found之賓語從句，從句時態(tài)與主句動詞時態(tài)相呼應(yīng)，用過去時態(tài)。如： We thought that Bob would win the first prize in the match. 我們原以為鮑勃會在比賽中得第一。 Little Tommy told the schoolmaster wh

6、at he had done.小湯米告訴了校長他自己所做的事。 【溫馨提示】 文中還有四處賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，你能找到嗎？ 詞語點(diǎn)擊 ★ attend出席；到場（會議、講座、課堂、教堂、儀式、學(xué)校等）。 【例句】 The meeting was attended by 90% of the students. 90%的學(xué)生參加了這次會議。 Our children attend the same school. 我們的孩子在同一所學(xué)校上學(xué)。 【拓展】 attend to專心于；照料 【例句】 Could you attend to this matter immediately？你能不

7、能立刻處理這件事？ Are you being attended to？有人接待您嗎（如店員問顧客）？ ★ join參加；加入。指參加某一組織、公司或俱樂部，成為其中一員。 【例句】 Membership is free, so join today! 免交會費(fèi), 今天就參加吧! You can enjoy a sport without joining a club. 不加入俱樂部也能享受運(yùn)動。 【拓展】 join sb. 和某人一起做某事 【例句】 Ask him to join us for lunch. 請他和我們一起吃午飯。 ★ take part (in)

8、參加；參與。指參加短暫的活動，如比賽、運(yùn)動會、游行等。 【例句】 Jim saw the new boy watching the game and asked him to take part. 吉姆看到新來的男孩一直看著，就邀請他一起玩。 【小試】 請用以上單詞或短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Will you _____ the high jump at the coming sports meet? 2. My sister wouldn’t like to _____ us in the game. 3. Everyone likes the nurse who _____

9、the patients carefully. 4. Our class teacher will _____ an important meeting this afternoon. 5. My father _____ the army in 1980 at the age of 18. Key: 1. take part in 2. join 3. attends to 4. attend 5. joined average adj. ☆ 平均的 【例句】 The average temperature in Oxford last month wa

10、s 18℃. 牛津上月的平均氣溫是18℃. ☆☆ 普通的; 平常的 【例句】 An average bus is said to weigh seven tons. 據(jù)說一輛普通的公共汽車重達(dá)7噸。 I was just an average sort of student. 我只是個普通學(xué)生。 【聯(lián)想】 n. ☆ 平均數(shù) 【例句】 The average of 4, 8 and 60 is 24.4、8和60的平均數(shù)是24。 ☆☆ 平均；平均水平 【短語】☆ on average 平均地 ☆☆ above / below average 在平均水平之上/下 【例句】 The

11、re are fifty students in each class on average. 每個班平均有50名學(xué)生。 The class size in the school is below the national average. 這個學(xué)校的班級人數(shù)低于全國平均水平。 【小試】 請猜猜average在下列句中的詞性及含義。 1. The average height of the basketball team is 1.8 meters. 2. This year’s rainfall came close to the average. 3. He is an av

12、erage person, don’t expect too much of him. Key: 1. adj. 平均的 2. n. 平均水平 3. adj. 普通的 Prepare ☆ vt. 準(zhǔn)備；預(yù)備。賓語可以為sth.或sb. 【例句】 Working part-time can prepare the college students for a future career.打工為大學(xué)生將來的工作做好準(zhǔn)備。 ☆☆ vi. 為……而做準(zhǔn)備。通常與介詞for連用。 【例句】 Will you help me prepare for the old classmates ge

13、t-together? 你能否幫我為這次老同學(xué)聚會做好準(zhǔn)備工作？ 【派生】 preparation n. 準(zhǔn)備prepared adj. 準(zhǔn)備好的 【例句】 She was prepared for anything to happen. 她已準(zhǔn)備好應(yīng)付一切. 【小試】 請用以上詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. They are ______ the assembly which will be held this Friday. 2. My mother ______ lunch at eleven o’clock yesterday morning. 3. The students a

14、re busy with the ______ for the final exam. 4. We will be better ______ next time. Key: 1. preparing for 2. was preparing 3. preparation 4. prepared cover cover 在不同的語境中有不同的翻譯，請猜猜其在下列句子中的含義。 1. She covered the body with her overcoat. 2. The town covers 50 square miles. 3. We

15、have covered 100 miles so far. 4. What news are you going to cover? 5. We plan to cover four units this term. 6. The floor is covered with waste paper. 7. I remembered that was a book with the red cover. Key: 1. 遮蓋 2. 占地 3. 走（一段路程） 4. 采訪 5. 學(xué)習(xí) 6. 覆蓋 7.封面 require require vt. 要求；需要。用

16、法如下： 跟帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)； I require you to speak of this to no one. 我要求你不要對任何人提起此事。 跟名詞或代詞； We require extra help. 我們需要額外的幫助。 To become a singer would require study, work and sacrifice. 要想成為一名歌手，需要學(xué)習(xí)、努力和犧牲。 I have done all that is required by law. 我已按照法律規(guī)定把一切做好了。 跟從句(從句中用虛擬語氣，即should + 動詞原型，should可以省略

17、)。 Regulations require that students should attend at least 90% of the lectures. 規(guī)定要求學(xué)生至少參加90%的講座。 The situation requires that I be there. 情況需要我在那里。 跟動名詞； The floor requires washing. 地板該洗了。 【注意】 require后接人時，可用介詞of或from。 請完成下列句子。 1. He ______ (要求去) to the station by himself. 2. These flowers

18、 ______ (需要澆水) every day. 3. They require ______ (要求我們做) more writing. 4. My parents always ______ (對我要求太多) me. 5. An answer must be ______ (要求吳先生回答). Key: 1. requires to go 2. require watering 3. that we （should） do 4. require too much of 5. required from Mr Wu 牛津高中英語模塊一（第

19、1講） 一、 教學(xué)內(nèi)容： 牛津高中英語模塊一Unit 1 （上） 二、教學(xué)要求： 1．掌握和校園生活有關(guān)的常用單詞、詞組與句型。 2．學(xué)會描述校園生活和學(xué)校設(shè)施。 High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work!高中是探索、學(xué)習(xí)和辛勤勞動的時期 Huge campus and low-rise building 學(xué)校面積大，沒有高層建筑。 Twelve laboratories are available for different experiments.12個實(shí)驗(yàn)室可供不同試驗(yàn)使用。 Each roo

20、m comes with its own bothroom and Internet access.每個房間都有自己的衛(wèi)生間和英特網(wǎng)接口。 3．學(xué)習(xí)閱讀技巧：skimming&scanning。 4．語法：定語從句（一） 【知識重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】 一、 重要單詞： access achieve attend assembly article available average canteen club challenging context donate display experience extra graduate gym heading lo

21、cker low-rise literature poster relax 二、重點(diǎn)詞組：class teacher 班主任 at ease with 和….相處不拘束 school hours學(xué)校作息時間 earn respect from 贏得…的尊敬 sound like聽起來象 for free 免費(fèi) get a general idea 了解大意 as well as 除….以外, 也 key words 關(guān)鍵詞 word by word 逐字逐句地 find one’s way around 認(rèn)識路 develop an intere

22、st in 培養(yǎng)對….的興趣 surf the Internet網(wǎng)上沖浪 【難點(diǎn)講解】 1. What is your dream school life like?你理想中的學(xué)校生活是什么樣子? 這里 dream 表示心目中最理想的. 如 dream team (夢之隊(duì))。 2. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. 去一所英國中學(xué)讀書一年對我來說是一次令人愉快和興奮的經(jīng)歷。 Going 在本句里作動名詞，它和后面的to a

23、British high school for one year構(gòu)成動名詞短語作句子的主語。Go to a British high school本來是個動詞詞組，在go 后面加上ing 后，它就具備名詞的特性可以在句子中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都可以作定語，但所表達(dá)的意思不同, 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語常表示“令人…”、“正在….”;例如exciting news, sleeping dog; 過去分詞則有被動或完成的意思,常表示“感到….的”、“被….的”,例如： an excited crowd of people, broken heart. 3. I was ver

24、y happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. 我對英國學(xué)校的作息時間很滿意因?yàn)閷W(xué)校大約上午9點(diǎn)開始上課，下午3點(diǎn)半左右放學(xué)。 Be happy with=be pleased with, around=about。 4. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m. 這意味著我可以晚一小時起床，

25、因?yàn)樵谥袊鴮W(xué)校8點(diǎn)鐘上課。 as adv.同樣地, 被看作, 象prep.當(dāng)做conj.與...一樣, 當(dāng)...之時, 象, 因?yàn)? 本單元多次出現(xiàn)as, 用法各不相同,應(yīng)注意比較。另外as 還可以構(gòu)成一些常用詞組：as if就好像, as far as就….而言, so as to以便于, as for至于, such as例如，等等。 mean: 意味著, 后面通常加名詞或賓語從句。例如： The attack of Pear Harbor meant a declaration of war with the United States. The raise of salary

26、 means that I can send my daughter to a better school. 5. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades. 他還告訴我們贏得學(xué)校尊敬的最好方法是努力學(xué)習(xí)并取得好成績。 The best way to do sth is to…..結(jié)構(gòu)用來表達(dá)做某事的最好方法是….., 例如: The best way to learn English is to use it as

27、 often as possible. 6. I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit challenging for me at first because all the homework was in English. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這兒的家庭作業(yè)沒有我原來學(xué)校的多，但一開始對我有些挑戰(zhàn)性，因?yàn)樗凶鳂I(yè)都是英語的。 As…..as, 中間加形容詞或副詞,一般要連接兩個相同的句子成分, 請比較下面兩句話: You hate him as muc

28、h as I (=You hate him as much as I hate him). You hate him as much as me(=You hate him as much as you hate me). Used to 過去常常, 隱含的意思是現(xiàn)在的情況已經(jīng)不同。例如: She used to study very hard. ( She does not study so hard any more). Used to 的否定形式是usedn’t to/ didn’t use to 注意：be used to sth/doing 表示習(xí)慣于…. 7. Cook

29、ing was really fun as I learnt how to buy, prepare and cook food. 當(dāng)我學(xué)著怎樣買菜、洗菜、燒飯時，烹飪真的是一件有趣的事。 fun是名詞,有趣的事情, 副詞really并非修飾它,而是修飾前面的be動詞was 試比較: He is really a funny guy. 和 He is a really funny guy.這兩句意思雖然相同, 但really修飾的對象不同,因此說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)也不同。 8. I do like eating desserts after meals as you mentioned in

30、 your article. 就像你在文章中提到的那樣，我的確喜歡在飯后吃甜食。 Do、did在陳述句中，用在動詞前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，可譯作的確、確實(shí)。 9. Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.完成學(xué)業(yè)之后，他開始在中國旅行。 介詞upon/ on加doing相當(dāng)于帶as soon as 的時間狀語從句。 Upon finishing his study＝As soon as he finished his study 10. Former student return from China 一位校友重中

31、國歸來 former, past, old 雖然都和過去有關(guān)，但 側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。 former：“過去曾經(jīng)是...的、 前任….”, past: “過去的” old“老的、從前的”。例如: former president前總統(tǒng)，past experience以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，my old school我的母校。 11. earn, achieve和gain 這三個單詞的基本意思都是“get”但含義不盡相同, earn ：get as the reward of work（掙，得到…作為工作的回報(bào)）, achieve ：get what you want by effort(成就,通過努力達(dá)到某

32、個目標(biāo)), gain和“get”的用法最接近，它對得到的方法和內(nèi)容都沒有具體要求。常見搭配: earn money/ a living/ one’s respect/ one’s bread, achieve a gaol/ success/ purpose/ high grade, gain experience/ weight/ an advantage over/ time/ the upper hand( 占上風(fēng))/ ground(取得進(jìn)步). 【語法】 定語從句(1) 用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時也可說明整個主句或主句中一部分）而起定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。定語從句的

33、作用和作定語的形容詞、介詞詞組、分詞詞組相似，有時可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，例如：金發(fā)女孩可譯作a blonde girl ，a girl with blonde hair或a girl who has blonde hair。定語從句通常由關(guān)系代詞that/ which/ who/ whom/ which/ as或關(guān)系副詞when/ where/ why引導(dǎo)，這些詞既指代主句中要說明的名詞或代詞, 又充當(dāng)從句中的某個句子成分。請看例句： 1.Tom is the only person who can keep a cool head in time of crisis.(who指代主句中的先行詞p

34、erson,在從句中作主 語) 2.Tom is the only friend whom(或who) I can rely on. (指代friend，在從句中作賓 語, 所以常用代詞who的賓格形式). 3.China is no longer the weak nation that she used to be. (關(guān)系代詞that指代weak nation，在從句中作表語) 4.The school whose floor space is very limited can’t take in one more student. (關(guān)系代詞whose指代the school’s

35、 ，從句中作floor space的定語) 5.I like to go to the gym where I can have a work-out after sittiong for a day. (關(guān)系副詞where指代主句中的地點(diǎn)狀語gym 在從句中作狀語) 【閱讀技巧】 Skimming & Scanning Skimming略讀，skim原意是輕輕掠過表面，作為閱讀技巧是指通過瀏覽文章標(biāo)題，主題句，插圖和圖表等方法了解文章的大意。 Skan, 本意是掃描，這里指用眼光快速掃視書報(bào)等材料尋找我們想要的信息。他們的區(qū)別在于Skimming是為了了解文章的大意,而Scannin

36、g是為了尋找某些具體信息。Skimming & Scanning都是快速閱讀的重要策略，也是信息時代我們必備的技能。尤其是在閱讀英語時，注重練習(xí)Skimming & Scanning可以幫助克服逐字逐句的閱讀習(xí)慣（如finger-point reading, lip reading），提高閱讀速度。 【補(bǔ)充閱讀】 閱讀這篇文章,根據(jù)中文提示和上下文寫出所缺的單詞: My School Day I leave home at 6:45 and walk 20 minutes to ______(趕) a bus to school. The bus is a special one ju

37、st for kids going to my school. The _______(路程) on the bus takes an hour because it has to keep stopping to pick up other students along the way. When I arrive at school, I______(領(lǐng)取) my Tablet PC from the Flexi (Flexiable Learning Centre). Then I go to my Tutor Room for Registration at 8:30. We lis

38、ten to announcements to see what special things are happening at school today or this week. At about 8:50 we leave Tutor Room to go to our First Period. Every day I have a different Lesson the first period. Normally it is Humanities but I also have Maths, Drama and Music, and French on the other d

39、ays. Each period lasts an hour. All my lessons are in different rooms and places around the school. Each Room either has a three_____(位) number or a name. The numbers are very hard to remember!. I have different teachers for each lesson. I have a _______(存物柜) where I can store some of my stuff but

40、 otherwise I have to carry it all around with my in my bags. Swipe Cards Every Student carries a swipe card. We swipe into every lesson to let the school know that we have _____(參加) that certain lesson and to know where we are in case of emergencies. On the Swipe Card there are two stripes, a b

41、lack and a brown. The brown is to swipe into lessons and the black is to get into the toilets and buildings. We can put money on our Swipe cards instead of carrying cash around. When we want to pay for snacks at the Tuck Shop or canteen we just hand over our cards and they deduct the money. Subje

42、cts Maths, English Science ICT Drama Music Art PE Humanities (History, Geography, and Religion) French or Spanish Time Table 9:00 1st Period 10:00 2nd Period 11:00 - 11:20 Break During break, I have a snack and play and chat with my friends. Usually we play 'IT' a chasing game. Snow

43、ball fight when it snows is dead fun. 11:20 3rd Period 12:30 4th Period 1:30 - 2:10 Lunch I bring a packed lunch to school but occasionally I have school dinners in the School______(食堂). 2:10 5th Period 3:10 End of School Sometimes I stay after school for clubs. Canteen The Canteen is op

44、en at Lunch Time and Break Time. Most hot food is served only at lunch time. Chips are only_______(買的到) on Mondays and Fridays. 【同步練習(xí)】 一、 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空： 1．I still remember the time _______ I first became a high school student. 2. There are many places in London _______ you can buy a cup of co

45、ffee. 3. That is the reason _____ he is so keen on school activities. 4. China is a country_______ history can be dated back to 3000 BC. 5. He is driving a car ______ can travel at 150 mile per hour. 6. He has to fly to all the major cities of the world ______ his company has set up offices. 7.

46、 The lady _____ we met in the bar is eyeing us from the corner . 8.We are facing the same problem ____ we did years ago. 二、將下列每組句子合成一個帶定語從句的復(fù)合句： 1. The anti-Japanese aggression war broke out on July the 7th. It lasted for eight years. 2. On his website we saw some photos. Mr. Lee took these ph

47、otos in Europe. 3. On the way to school I saw some trees. Their leaves were eaten up by insects. 4. Shelley likes to spend her leisure time in the students’ union. She can meet many international students there. 5. Jane’s father wants her to be a singer. He himself has always wanted to be a singe

48、r himself. 參考答案一、1. when 2. where/in which 3. why 4. whose 5. which/that 6. where 7. whom/who 8. as 二、 1. The anti-Japanese aggression war which lasted for eight years broke out on July the 7th. 2. On his website we saw some photos which Mr. Lee took in Europe. 3. On the way to school, I

49、saw some trees whose leaves were eaten up by insects. 4. shelley likes to spend her leisure time in the students’ union where she can meet many internatioal students. 5. Jane’s father wants her to be the singer that he himself has always wanted to be. 閱讀填空：catch, journey, collect, digit, locker,

50、attended, canteen, available 牛津高中英語模塊一（第二講） 【教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)要求】 一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容： 牛津高中英語模塊一Unit 1 （下） 二、教學(xué)要求： 1．掌握和學(xué)?；顒佑嘘P(guān)的常用單詞、詞組與句型。 2．學(xué)會用英語寫通知和海報(bào)。3．語法：定語從句（二） 【知識重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】 一、重要單詞： contest, replace, possession, complete, include, programme, present(v), event, item, venue, timetable, compare, issue, order, dy

51、nasty, professor, unnecessary, attractive, underline, approve, , generation, require, scary, design, draft, wording, previous, finalize, poem, poet, confident, run(manage,operate), host, hostess, advertise,vote. 二、重點(diǎn)詞組： refer to 指 , function as當(dāng)作…使用, 具有….的功能 , leave out省略 , relate to 和…相關(guān) , pay

52、attention to注意, in short form用宿略的形式, take place發(fā)生, make decision作決定, make comparison作比較, take turns輪流, follow the outline按照綱要, be responsible for對…負(fù)責(zé), consist of包含,由…構(gòu)成, come up with想出, base on根據(jù), have it approved by…征得…..的同意, inform sb of sth告知, sign up簽名參加. 【難點(diǎn)講解】 1. I have to do my home work in

53、 a place that has desks and chairs. 我必須在一個有課桌椅的地方做家庭作業(yè)。 I don’t want to study in a room where desks and chairs are too small. 我不想在桌椅太小的房間里學(xué)習(xí)。 第一句里定語從句 that has desks and chairs的關(guān)系代詞that指代主句中的名詞room，作從句的主語；第二句里定語從句where desks and chairs are too small的關(guān)系副詞where 指代主句中的in a room, 在從句中是地點(diǎn)狀語。試比較： 1）

54、This is the beach where(on which) many North Europeans spend their summer holidays. 2） This is the beach that(which) has white sand and palm trees. 上一句的beach是北歐人度假的地方，在這個地方是地點(diǎn)狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where 指代; 下一句中有白沙和棕櫚樹的是beach，它是從句的主語，所有以用關(guān)系代詞that來指代。 2. Besides, I might be reading the books in your father’s

55、bookcases instead. 除此之外，我也許會只顧看你爸爸書櫥里的書，而不是去做作業(yè)。 She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework. 她將會忙著看報(bào)紙雜志而不是做作業(yè)。 “might be reading”，“will be reading”屬于“情態(tài)動詞＋be+doing” 的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示對某個時間正在發(fā)生的事情的預(yù)言、推測或期待。例如： I shall be lying in bed and watching my fvourite football game b

56、y the time he finishes his homework..等他做完家庭作業(yè)時，我早就會躺在床上看我喜愛的足球比賽了。 “instead，instead of ”都表示“代替，而不是….” “instead”通常需要承接上文才能表達(dá)完整的意思，“instead of ”則可以在一句話中表達(dá)做了和沒做的事情。例如： 1） We didn’t go home after school. We went to a net café instead. →Instead of going home after school, we went to a net café. 2)

57、 Students in UK don’t have lots of home work.. They have many school activities. →Students in UK have many school activities instead of homework. 3. A programme is a plan of activities to be done or things to be achieved. 規(guī)劃是指要進(jìn)行的活動或要完成任務(wù)的計(jì)劃。 劃線部分是不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語，表示要做的事情。 4. The more choices you

58、have, the better your final decisions will be. 相當(dāng)于：If you have more choice (條件狀語從句為一般現(xiàn)在時), you will make better decision（主句用將來時）. 你的選擇越多，最后的決定就越好。“The+比較級（adj/adv）或含比較級的詞組，the+另一個比較級（adj/adv）或含比較級的詞組”, 表示“越……就越…..”。 5. Your teacher has received an e-mail from a friend asking her about a history bo

59、ok from your school library. 你的老師收到一位朋友的電子郵件，詢問你們學(xué)校圖書館里的一本歷史書。 劃線部分是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，補(bǔ)充說明賓語e-mail 的內(nèi)容。 6. ISBN ( International Standard Book Number) 國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖書編號 ISSN （International Standard Serial Number）國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)期刊編號 7．make常見的動賓搭配: make tea/coffee 沏茶、沖咖啡 , make friends交朋友 , make mistakes犯錯誤, make trouble惹麻煩,

60、 make a suggestion提建議, make a fire生火, make faces做鬼臉, make a decision做決定, make comparasions作比較, make a living謀生, make money掙錢 , make a request提要求, make an application申請。 寫作】通知和海報(bào) 通知是上級對下級、組織對成員或平行單位之間部署工作、傳達(dá)事情或召開會議等所使用的應(yīng)用文。以布告形式貼出，把事情通知有關(guān)人員，如學(xué)生、觀眾等，通常不用稱呼；通知要求言簡意賅、措辭得當(dāng)、時間及時。 　　例一：布告形式的通知：通常此類通知上方

61、正中寫Notice或NOTICE（通知），發(fā)出通知的的單位的具體名稱可放在正文前，也可放在正文后，右下角處，發(fā)出通知的日期寫在左下角處。例如 NOTICE　 All　mumbers of the students’union　are　requested　to　meet　in　the　school conference　room　on　Saturday,　Sept18th,　at　2:00　p.　m.　to　discuss　questions　of　international　culture　exchanges with New Zealand high school band.　 　

62、　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Sept.14,　2005　 海報(bào)的形式和媒體沒有特殊要求，它要先用簡明、生動的圖文吸引過往人群的注意力，再以簡潔扼要的文字、圖表介紹你要向公眾發(fā)布的信息。文字部分一般包括主題句或主題詞和條理清楚、簡單明了的內(nèi)容介紹。下面是一個網(wǎng)上海報(bào)，供大家參考： Make a poster explaining a safety rule. It should give us a good Stay Alert message. If your poster wins you will receive a

63、SASS T-shirt and it will appear in the SASS Gallery. Mail you poster to: Stay Alert ... Stay Safe P.O. Box 93006, 499 Main St. S. Brampton, Ontario L6Y 1N0 【語法】定語從句(2) 1．定語從句中關(guān)系代詞that、which 用來指代物，who 、whom和that 用來指代人，whose用來表示所屬關(guān)系，關(guān)系副詞whe

64、n、where和 why指代時間、地點(diǎn)和原因。 2．關(guān)系代詞的用法 　　(1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如： 　　All that I have is my love for this land. There isn’t much that we can do to ease his pain. 　　(2) 如果先行詞被形容詞最高級以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no,

65、some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which。例如：The last person that we want to invite to our house is Uncle Sam. No nation that is capable of such atrocity can be trusted by its neighbours. 　　(3) 非限制性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如： 　　There are about seven million people taking part in the election, mo

66、st of whom are well educated. 　　(4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似。例如： 　　She failed in her attempt to catch the prince’s attention, which was a great disappointment to her mother. 　　　(5) 如果作先行詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who。 　　(6) 先行詞有兩個，一個指人，一個指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如： 　　The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. 　　(7) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom，不用