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目 錄
緒論 1
第一章 電機選型及傳動比計算 2
1.1選擇電動機 2
1.1.1選擇電動機的類型和結構形式 2
1.1.2選擇電動機的容量 2
1.2計算傳動裝置的總傳動比并分配各級傳動比 3
1.2.1傳動裝置的總傳動比 3
1.2.2分配各級傳動比 3
第二章 V帶設計計算 4
2.1確定計算功率 4
2.2選擇帶型 4
2.3確定帶輪基準直徑 4
2.4驗算帶的速度 4
2.5初定中心距 4
2.6確定基準長度 4
2.7確定實際軸間距 5
2.8驗算小帶輪包角 5
2.9單根V帶的基本額定功率 5
2.10考慮傳動比的影響，額定功率的增量由表12-17m查得 5
2.11V帶的根數(shù) 5
2.12單根V帶的預緊力 6
2.13帶輪的結構 6
第三章 基本參數(shù)計算 7
3.1各軸的轉速 7
3.2各軸功率 7
3.3各軸轉矩 7
第四章 同步齒輪減速箱齒輪的設計計算 8
4.1I軸齒輪設計計算 8
4.1.1選擇齒輪材料 8
4.1.2初定齒輪主要參數(shù) 8
4.1.3校核齒面接觸疲勞強度 10
4.2Ⅱ軸齒輪設計計算 11
4.2.1選擇齒輪材料 11
4.2.2初定齒輪主要參數(shù) 12
4.2.3校核齒面接觸疲勞強度 14
4.3Ⅲ軸齒輪設計計算 15
4.3.1選擇齒輪材料 15
4.3.2初定齒輪主要參數(shù) 16
4.3.3校核齒面接觸疲勞強度 18
4.4Ⅳ軸齒輪設計計算 19
4.4.1選擇齒輪材料 19
第五章 同步齒輪減速箱軸的設計計算 24
5.1Ⅰ軸的設計計算 24
5.1.1選擇軸的材料 24
5.1.2初步估算軸的的直徑 24
5.1.3軸上零部件的選擇和軸的結構設計 24
5.1.4軸的受力分析 24
5.1.5軸的強度計算 27
5.2Ⅱ軸的設計計算 28
5.2.1選擇軸的材料 28
5.2.2初步估算軸的的直徑 28
5.2.3軸上零部件的選擇和軸的結構設計 28
5.2.4軸的受力分析 28
5.2.5軸的強度計算 32
5.3Ⅲ軸的設計計算 33
5.3.1選擇軸的材料 33
5.3.2初步估算軸的的直徑 33
5.3.3軸上零部件的選擇和軸的結構設計 33
5.3.4軸的受力分析 34
5.3.5軸的強度計算 38
5.4Ⅳ軸的設計計算 38
5.4.1選擇軸的材料 38
5.4.2初步估算軸的的直徑 38
5.4.3軸上零部件的選擇和軸的結構設計 38
5.4.4軸的受力分析 39
5.5Ⅴ軸的設計計算 43
5.5.1選擇軸的材料 43
5.5.2初步估算軸的的直徑 43
5.5.3軸上零部件的選擇和軸的結構設計 43
5.5.4軸的受力分析 43
5.5.5軸的強度計算 46
第六章 同步齒輪減速箱軸承的校核 48
6.1I軸軸承的校核 48
6.1.1計算軸承支反力 48
6.1.2軸承的派生軸向力 48
6.1.3軸承所受的軸向載荷 48
6.1.4軸承的當量動載荷 48
6.1.5軸承壽命 49
6.2II軸軸承的校核 49
6.2.1計算軸承支反力 49
6.2.2軸承的派生軸向力 49
6.2.3軸承所受的軸向載荷 50
6.2.4軸承的當量動載荷 50
6.2.5軸承壽命 50
6.3III軸軸承的校核 51
6.3.1計算軸承支反力 51
6.3.2軸承的派生軸向力 51
6.3.3軸承所受的軸向載荷 51
6.3.4軸承的當量動載荷 51
6.3.5軸承壽命 52
6.4IV軸軸承的校核 52
6.4.1計算軸承支反力 52
6.4.2軸承的派生軸向力 53
6.4.3軸承所受的軸向載荷 53
6.4.4軸承的當量動載荷 53
6.4.5軸承壽命 53
6.5V軸軸承的校核 54
6.5.1計算軸承支反力 54
6.5.2軸承的派生軸向力 54
6.5.3軸承所受的軸向載荷 54
6.5.4軸承的當量動載荷 55
6.5.5軸承壽命 55
第七章 同步齒輪減速箱鍵的校核 56
7.1I軸鍵的校核 56
7.2II軸健的校核 56
7.3III軸健的校核 56
7.4IV軸健的校核 56
7.5V軸鍵的校核 57
第八章 同步齒輪減速箱箱體及附件設計計算 58
8.1箱體設計 58
8.1.1箱體結構設計 58
8.1.2鑄造箱體的尺寸 58
8.2減速器附件 58
8.2.1檢查孔及其蓋板 58
8.2.2通氣器 58
8.2.3軸承蓋和密封裝置 59
8.2.4定位銷 59
8.2.5油面指示器 59
8.2.6放油螺塞 59
8.2.7起吊裝置 59
第九章 機架及成型裝置的設計計算 60
9.1型輥軸的設計 60
9.1.1選擇軸的材料 60
9.1.2初步估算軸的的直徑 60
9.1.3軸上零部件的選擇和軸的結構設計 60
9.1.4軸的受力分析 60
9.1.5軸的強度計算 63
9.2輥心的設計 63
9.2.1選擇輥心的材料 63
9.2.2輥心結構設計 63
9.3型板的設計 64
9.3.1型板材料的選擇 64
9.3.2型板結構的設計 65
9.4機架的設計 65
第十章 強制加料裝置的設計計算 66
10.1強制加料裝置的構成 66
10.2強制加料裝置的設計參數(shù) 66
10.3 具體設計與計算 66
10.3.1 螺旋直徑的設計 66
10.3.2 螺旋軸轉速的計算 67
10.3.3功率的計算 ． 67
第十一章 液壓加載裝置的選型 68
結論 69
參考文獻 70
翻譯部分 71
英文原文 71
中文翻譯 76
致謝 79
中國礦業(yè)大學2007屆本科畢業(yè)設計 第 9 頁
翻譯部分
英文原文
Introduction.
China's coal reserves, the distribution of a wide range of complex conditions of occurrence and distribution of the 1.3 m ~ 3.5m. dip below 25 degrees, in the middle of stability and stability which the following conditions under the roof of the seam, with its output accounting for about 86% of total output. China's overall mining face in the distribution of relief to the majority of which tilt stability and the stability which the roof above the thick seam, and the other conditions under the seam, the existing hydraulic support poor adaptability, the use of the result is not satisfactory. Nationwide, the complex geological conditions and the lack of funds and other reasons, despite 10 years of efforts, Fully-level is still only 21%, while fully-developed countries abroad general level has reached 70% ~ 80%. From China in recent years supporting the reform, the huge investment of fully mechanized mining development is very slow. and the hydraulic prop face there was a major development, a small number of mines has basically realized the hydraulic prop of. China fully mechanized hydraulic support to promote the use, there are still many problems to be solved.
1. Variety Series hydraulic supports the reasonable structure in our country, the conditions are good face, financial strength of the mining area basically the use of the fully mechanized.
Although some other mining areas fully mechanized, but with the intensity of development, face increasingly worse conditions, the strike length has become increasingly short. difficult mining coal seam imbalance is getting worse. With a mine or mines with a used one, two types of stents it difficult to adapt to all the coal face and conditions the purchase of F-wide huge investment and technology is not necessarily economically reasonable, the majority of small and medium-sized mine funding difficulties, but some of the existing hydraulic supports are difficult to adapt to the mine geology and production technology. The above analysis indicates that while China's coal mines supporting the low level of mechanization, hydraulic supports and other food manufacturers. The problem is not suitable for most geological conditions and the production technology support Variety Series. Taking a panoramic view of China's coal mines and stent manufacturers of the actual situation, we believe that the development of China's coal mining support series Fully-go with the simple fully mechanized, high-grade mining and general mining comprehensive ancillary road, At present, the focus should be on the fully mechanized summary supporting product research and development. Since shifting hydraulic stent, to further improve the quality of products, improve function, improving structure, reduce costs and enhance the adaptability stent. We must continue to improve and innovate under special conditions for exploitation of the special stent. For hydraulic prop, although development has been laid, but there is still a lot of problems, mainly : three-valve clearance, however, pillars of maintenance capacity, high failure rate, support, demolition, removal of all manual, labor-intensive; hydraulic prop with hinged metal roof beams supporting low efficiency. Therefore, hydraulic prop should also improve product quality, reduce costs, and supporting the development of an exclusive top beam, achieve pillars and roof beams combine and do shift from running. Focus on research and development of wide adaptation, more powerful, cheap, simple and fully-supporting, Since ranged from large hydraulic shift stents and stent slip between the top beam of the light frame, both from the shift, wiping the top and pressure-shift function, but also with monomer stent small size, light weight, flexible and adaptable to the changing characteristics, greater scope to adapt to the occurrence of coal production and technological conditions. Fully-development Simple Light hydraulic support to the attraction of foreign mention legs stent, domestic sliding roof beam stent success on the basis of experience, to overcome their shortcomings, do stent light weight, resistance, low cost, over all functions and adaptability. According to China's actual situation in the coal mine, we believe that the development of China Light Easy Fully-hydraulic shift from the stent, can be divided into the following three steps :
First, to continue to improve the sliding roof beam-type structure, and improve its function. further expand the scope of use;
Second, the transformation of poor use of the Crib and Festival stent, as structure, F-more reasonable and more adaptable to the shifting light from the stent;
Third, the development of more innovative functional whole, structure and working methods more reasonable new light since the shift stent. As a result, there is a very complete portable hydraulic support series. High-grade general mining will be simple to fully mechanized mining development, general mining to the high-grade general mining transition, not an increase in investment in the circumstances, so that the majority of the mechanized coal mining to improve the general level a notch.
2. Hydraulic supports the technical status quo. In recent years, China's comprehensive mechanization of coal mining level has increased, With integrated mechanized mining technology and the development of new high-power Shearer, the conveyor's emergence require a corresponding stent, but the stent control system without corresponding improvement is not enough to meet the requirements. So far, My homemade hydraulic support control remained in hand with a one-way plane-o-control or the control level. Such control, although the control system is simple, easy to manufacture. and the lower cost of coal geological conditions change adaptation strong advantages, but it had serious shortcomings : ① poor working conditions of workers, security is poor; ② Moving very slowly, the impact on the efficiency of Shearer to play; ③ ventilation was poor, the high failure rate of stent; ④ Supporting the effectiveness of the operation and the extent to play the experience and skills level of the number of closely related. Hydraulic support to achieve automatic control, can be effectively overcome the above drawbacks, achieving the right stent electrohydraulic control, and a variety of control options are available, Officers in the relatively safe places focus on the entire face of the stent remote control or process control. Now foreign ordinary fully mechanized coal face hydraulic support has achieved the computer infrared electro-hydraulic control, group. Rows to the advancement racks, liquid rated for up to 40 MPa pressure. Lmin ~ 300 flow 450Lmin for liquid diameter 100 mm ~ 120mm. Moving faster than the 10 min group. Domestic and hydraulic supports or low voltage solution for small diameter, artificial manual operation. Statistics actual scene, a forward support group will take about 1 min. Support for the largest fluid pressure not exceed 32 MPa for 25 mm diameter by 30mm ~, Flow in 150 ~ 200Lmin Lmin. Two columns cover hydraulic support the work of resistance 780 t, F width 1.5 m, using infrared PM4 electro-hydraulic control system, Shearer microcomputer from the remote control, support columns more than 400 mm in diameter, speed-shifting group 10 min.
3. Fully-development Simple Light stent prospects. Mechanized mining in the central part of the stent is supporting. China's more than 300 existing high-grade general mining operations and the use of hydraulic prop bracing, slow, labor-intensive, production falters, and the high failure rate of stent, the maintenance cost is high. If a small investment (about Fully-14 - 16), high-grade general mining face development as simple fully mechanized coal face. Supporting intensity of the stent realize shift, and to some extent with pressure-moving, Face roof management will be significantly improved yield, the effectiveness will be significantly enhanced. Summary of fully mechanized mining mechanization level although outpaced large fully mechanized, but its adaptability larger, broader scope, investment in high-grade general mining increased marginally, mechanization has increased dramatically, significantly reduced labor intensity. For some large hydraulic support it difficult to adapt to the mining district and other financial difficulties of small and medium-sized mine, the local coal mine, Fully-Easy development is undoubtedly enhance mining mechanization level to enhance economic efficiency and guarantee production safety improve the working conditions of workers in a well-established technique.
4. Conclusion. After nearly 30 years of development and hard work, China's hydraulic support in the design, manufacture level has been improving. especially in the gently inclined thick seam of hydraulic support has accumulated considerable experience, the basic frame-type has become mature, perfect, in the variety and quality with the advanced international level gap is getting smaller and smaller. But the control components and control systems and products in advanced countries there is a large gap. Henceforth, it shall continue to be directed against China's national conditions and specific conditions seam, developing some new-type, the new varieties, It should also improve stent control systems and improve the reliability stent effort.
References :
[1] Zhu Shi-shun. Talk about the hydraulic support Variety Series qualified structure [J]. Mine machinery, 1990 (3) : 3-5.
[2] Rong PENG Xi-Wen. hydraulic support control and the prospects of the development [J]. Mine machinery, 1990 (11) :1-3.
[3] with Yang Min Wang Yue Fei. Comprehensive up to domestic development and supporting equipment Thoughts [J]. Mine Machinery, 1999 (8) : 2-3.
中文翻譯
引 言.
我國的煤層儲量多,分布范圍廣,賦存條件復雜,分布在1.3m~3.5m、傾角在25度以下,處于中穩(wěn)及中穩(wěn)以下頂板條件下的煤層,其產(chǎn)量約占總產(chǎn)量的86%。我國的綜采工作面絕大部分分布在緩傾斜中穩(wěn)及中穩(wěn)以上頂板的中厚煤層,而其它條件下的煤層,現(xiàn)有的液壓支架適應性差,使用效果不理想。就全國來說,由于地質(zhì)條件復雜和資金不足等原因,雖然經(jīng)過十幾年的努力,綜采程度仍只有21%,而國外發(fā)達國家綜采程度一般已達70%~80%。從我國近幾年的支護改革來看,投資巨大的綜采發(fā)展十分緩慢,而單體液壓支柱工作面卻有了大發(fā)展,少數(shù)礦區(qū)已基本上實現(xiàn)了單體液壓支柱化。我國綜采液壓支架的推廣使用,目前還存在許多亟待解決的問題。
1. 液壓支架品種系列的合理結構在我國,條件好的工作面、資金雄厚的礦區(qū)基本上都用上了綜采。
其它礦區(qū)雖有部分綜采,但隨著開發(fā)強度加大,工作面條件越來越差,走向長度越來越短,難開采的煤層回采失調(diào)越來越嚴重。同一個礦區(qū)或同一個礦,用一、二種支架難以適應全部的煤層及工作面條件,購買繁多的架型投資巨大且技術經(jīng)濟上不一定合理,大多數(shù)中小型礦井資金困難,而且現(xiàn)有的一些液壓支架也很難適應這些礦井的地質(zhì)及生產(chǎn)技術條件。由以上分析可知,一方面我國煤礦支護機械化程度很低,而另一方面液壓支架生產(chǎn)廠家吃不飽,問題就在于沒有適合大多數(shù)地質(zhì)及生產(chǎn)技術條件的支架品種系列?？v觀我國煤礦和支架生產(chǎn)廠家的實際情況,我們認為,發(fā)展我國的煤礦支護產(chǎn)品品種系列,要走與綜采、簡易綜采、高檔普采和普采全面配套的道路,目前要把重點放在簡易綜采支護產(chǎn)品的研究和開發(fā)上。對于液壓自移支架,要進一步提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,完善功能,改進結構,降低成本和增強支架的適應性。要繼續(xù)完善和創(chuàng)新特殊開采條件下的特殊支架。對于單體液壓支柱,雖然有了發(fā)展,但存在的問題還很多,主要有三:用閥不過關,支柱維修量大、損壞率高,支、拆、搬運全是手工操作,勞動強度大;單體液壓支柱與金屬鉸接頂梁配套效率低。因此,單體液壓支柱也要提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,降低成本,研制與之配套的專用頂梁,實現(xiàn)支柱與頂梁結合并做到行走自移。重點研制和發(fā)展適應范圍廣、功能較強、價格便宜、與簡易綜采配套的、介于大型液壓自移支架和滑移頂梁支架之間的輕便支架,既具有自移、擦頂和帶壓移架的功能,又要具備單體支架體積小、重量輕、靈活多變適應性強的特點,以適應更大范圍煤層的賦存及生產(chǎn)技術條件。發(fā)展簡易綜采輕便液壓支架,要在吸收國外提腿支架、國內(nèi)滑移頂梁等支架成功經(jīng)驗的基礎上,克服它們的不足之處,做到支架重量輕、阻力大、成本低、功能較全、適應性強。根據(jù)我國煤礦的實際情況,我們認為,發(fā)展我國簡易綜采輕便液壓自移支架,可以分為以下三個步驟進行:
首先,繼續(xù)改進滑移頂梁等架型的結構,完善其功能,進一步擴大使用范圍;
第二,改造使用效果差的垛式和節(jié)式支架,使其成為結構、架型更合理,適應性更強的輕便自移支架;
第三,研制創(chuàng)新功能更全、結構和工作方式更合理的新型輕便自移支架。這樣一來,就有一個十分完整的輕便液壓支架系列。將高檔普采向簡易綜采發(fā)展,將普采向高檔普采過渡,在投資增加不大的情況下,使廣大煤礦的機械化開采水平普遍提高一個檔次。
2 .液壓支架的技術現(xiàn)狀.
近年來,我國采煤綜合機械化的水平有所提高,隨著綜合機械化采煤技術的不斷發(fā)展和新型大功率采煤機、工作面輸送機的出現(xiàn),要求支架與之相配套,但若支架的控制系統(tǒng)不作相應的改進,是滿足不了這一要求的。到目前為止,我國國產(chǎn)液壓支架的控制方式仍然停留在跟機手把單向鄰架控制或本架控制水平。這種控制方式,雖然具有控制系統(tǒng)簡單、制造容易、造價較低和對煤層地質(zhì)條件變化適應性較強的優(yōu)點,但它存在嚴重缺點:①工人勞動條件差,安全性差;②移架速度慢,影響采煤機效率的發(fā)揮;③通風條件差,支架故障率高;④支架支護效能的發(fā)揮程度與操作人員的經(jīng)驗多少和技能高低有密切關系。液壓支架實現(xiàn)自動控制后,就可有效地克服上述缺點,實現(xiàn)對支架的電液控制,而且有多種控制方式可供選擇,人員可在較安全的地方集中對整個工作面的支架進行遠程控制或程序控制?，F(xiàn)在國外的普通綜采工作面液壓支架已實現(xiàn)了微機紅外線電液自動控制,可成組、成排地向前移架,額定供液壓力達到40MPa,流量300Lmin~450Lmin,供液管徑100mm~120mm,移架速度超過了10組min。而國產(chǎn)液壓支架還是中低壓小管徑供液,人工手動操作。現(xiàn)場實際統(tǒng)計,前移一組支架大約需1min。最大的支架供液壓力不超過32MPa,供液管徑25mm~30mm,流量在150Lmin~200Lmin。二柱掩護式液壓支架的工作阻力780t,架寬1.5m,采用PM4型紅外電液控制系統(tǒng),由采煤機微電腦遠距離控制,支架立柱直徑超過400mm,移架速度10組min。
3 .發(fā)展簡易綜采輕便支架的前景.
機械化開采的中心環(huán)節(jié)是支架的配套。我國現(xiàn)有300多個高檔普采工作面,使用單體液壓支柱支護,速度慢,勞動強度大,產(chǎn)量上不去,而且支架損壞率高,維修費用大。如果用少量的投資(約是綜采的14~16),將高檔普采工作面發(fā)展為簡易綜采工作面,支護強度加大了,支架實現(xiàn)自移并在一定程度上帶壓移架,工作面的頂板管理將有明顯改善,單產(chǎn)、效益將會大幅度地提高。簡易綜采的機械化水平雖然趕不上大型綜采,但其適應性較大,適用范圍更廣,投資比高檔普采增加不多,機械化程度卻大為提高,勞動強度大為降低。對于一些大型液壓支架難以適應的礦區(qū)及其它一些資金困難的中小型礦井、地方煤礦,發(fā)展簡易綜采,無疑是提高回采機械化水平,提高經(jīng)濟效益和保障生產(chǎn)安全,改善工人勞動條件的一條行之有效的技術途徑。
4 .結語.
經(jīng)過近30年的發(fā)展和努力,我國液壓支架的設計、制造水平在不斷提高,特別是在緩傾斜中厚煤層的液壓支架方面積累了相當豐富的經(jīng)驗,架型已基本趨于成熟、完善,在品種和質(zhì)量方面與國際先進水平相比差距越來越小。但在控制元件和控制系統(tǒng)方面,與先進國家的產(chǎn)品相比還有較大差距。所以,今后除應繼續(xù)針對我國國情和煤層具體條件,開發(fā)一些新架型、新品種外,還應在改進支架控制系統(tǒng)和提高支架的工作可靠性方面下功夫。
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