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摘要: 電火花線(xiàn)切割加工（wire-EDM）是一種基于電火花加工技術(shù)的適應(yīng)性流程加工技術(shù)，它可以被用在具有二維到三維復(fù)雜形狀的而且是導(dǎo)電的原材料的加工上。電火花線(xiàn)切割加工最常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)用是在壓模、擠壓模、粉末冶金的鑄模和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摸板的裝配工中。這樣就可以加工出以往依靠花費(fèi)很高磨床或昂貴的傳統(tǒng)意義上的電火花的電極來(lái)進(jìn)行加工的工件。由于電火花線(xiàn)切割加工技術(shù)是機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)，是機(jī)械、電工、電子、數(shù)控、自動(dòng)控制、計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用等多門(mén)學(xué)科、專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用。
我的設(shè)計(jì)課題是DK7732數(shù)控高速走絲電火花線(xiàn)切割機(jī)及控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。DK為數(shù)控電加工機(jī)床，77為電火花線(xiàn)切割機(jī)床，32為機(jī)床工作臺(tái)寬度。
此次設(shè)計(jì)包括機(jī)床的總體布局設(shè)計(jì)，橫向進(jìn)給、縱向進(jìn)給設(shè)計(jì)，其中還包括齒輪的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算，滾珠絲桿較核，軸承壽命的驗(yàn)算?？刂葡到y(tǒng)部分包括步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制電路和脈沖電源電路，這是數(shù)控電火花加工機(jī)床的重點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)部分，也是難點(diǎn)。步進(jìn)電機(jī)電路設(shè)計(jì)包括硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)和軟件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了芯片的擴(kuò)展、鍵盤(pán)顯示器接口的設(shè)計(jì)等等。脈沖電源電路采用高低壓復(fù)式脈沖電源，它是由晶體管及分立元件組成的電路，輸出高低壓復(fù)式脈沖，可以同時(shí)供給兩個(gè)放電間隙加工，提高生產(chǎn)效率。
關(guān)鍵字：數(shù)控高速電火花線(xiàn)切割加工、主軸運(yùn)動(dòng)、步進(jìn)電機(jī)、脈沖電源。
Abstract: Wire electrical-discharge machining(wire-EDM) is an adaptation of the basic EDM process, which can be use for cutting complex two-and-three-dimensional shapes through electrically conducting materials. Wire-EDM is most commonly used for the fabrication of press stamping dies, extrusion dies, powder composition dies, profile gages, and templates. Complicated cutouts can be made in difficult-to-machine metals without the need for high-cost grinding or expensive shaped EDM electrodes, Because the technology of wire electrical-discharge machining is the technology of mechatronics, and it is the integrate application of many subjects and professional knowledge, for example mechanism, electrician, electron, numerical control, auto control and computer application.
My design subject is DK7732 numerical control electrical-discharge perforation molding machining tool. DK means numerical control machining tool. 77 means wire electrical-discharge perforation molding machining tool. 32 means the width of tool’s worktable.
The design contains collectivity distribution design, landscape orientation feed design, portrait feed design, circumgyrate worktable design. It still includes intension calculation of gear wheel, the checking of ball bearing pole and the calculation of axis gearing life-span. The controlling system part contains the circuit of step-by-step electromotor control and the circuit of pulse electrical source. This part is the most important part of numerical control electrical-discharge machining tool, and it is very hard for me. The design of step-by-step electromotor control includes hardware circuit design and software system design. It explains the enlarging of CMOS chip and the design of keyboard display interface. The circuit is composed by transistor and unattached elements, it exports high and low voltage pulse, which can apply with two electrical-discharge interval and improve productivity.
Key words: Numerical control wire electrical-discharge machining, principle axis motion, step-by-step electromotor, pulse electrical source