掩護(hù)式液壓支架的設(shè)計[四連桿機(jī)構(gòu)]【5張CAD圖紙】

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據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計，開采中被遺棄在地下的薄煤層煤炭資源達(dá)90 億t 以上。由于薄煤層地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜，采煤工作面空間狹小，機(jī)械化程度低，投入產(chǎn)出比高，致使薄煤開采工藝技術(shù)發(fā)展緩慢。隨著計算機(jī)技術(shù)和自動化技術(shù)的日益提高，煤礦綜采液壓支架電液控制系統(tǒng)得到不斷推廣應(yīng)用，大大提高了煤礦生產(chǎn)效率和自動化程度，從而實現(xiàn)了薄煤層開采綜合機(jī)械化的新突破。根據(jù)峰峰集團(tuán)黃沙礦薄煤層地質(zhì)條件，河北天擇重型機(jī)械有限公司開發(fā)研制了電液控制薄煤層液壓支架ZY3300/07/13,采用pm32型電液控制系統(tǒng)，與薄煤層采煤機(jī)和刮板輸送機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)聯(lián)動，由程序控制協(xié)調(diào)完成各工序，薄煤層工作面機(jī)械化程度大大提高。 1 薄煤層液壓支架ZY3300/07/13 電液控制系統(tǒng)的配置組成 （1）薄煤層液壓支架ZY3300/07/13 的結(jié)構(gòu)見圖1，支架型式是兩柱掩護(hù)式，工作阻力3 300 kN，高度0.7~1.3 m，中心距1.5 m, 采高0.9~1.2 m，主要由頂梁、掩護(hù)梁、前后連桿、底座、推移桿、立柱、平衡千斤頂、底調(diào)千斤頂、液壓系統(tǒng)等組成，支架控制系統(tǒng)采用pm32 型電液控制系統(tǒng)， 根據(jù)煤礦采煤工藝的要求，可靈活選擇多重控制方式，可選擇手動單架控制，鄰架控制，成組程序控制，工作面運(yùn)輸巷內(nèi)主控制器全工作面可編程遙控。 圖1 支架結(jié)構(gòu)組成 （2）液壓支架電液控制系統(tǒng)的配置電液控制系統(tǒng)。單架控制系統(tǒng)以控制器為核心，主要由支架控制器、立柱壓力傳感器、推移千斤頂行程傳感器、電液換向閥組、紅外線檢測器（發(fā)射器安裝在采煤機(jī)）等組成 ， 配置連接見圖2。通過連接器、耦合器等將每個支架的控制器互聯(lián)， 再配置雙路電源箱、總線提升器等組成一個計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，可實現(xiàn)多重控制方式。整個工作面的配置及連接見圖3。 圖2 單架控制系統(tǒng) 1.電液換向閥組2.推移千斤頂位移傳感器3.立柱壓力傳感器4.紅外線接收器5.電磁線圈驅(qū)動器圖3 整個工作面的配置 1.支架控制器2.隔離耦合器3.雙路電源箱4.總線提升器5.網(wǎng)絡(luò)終 端器6.架間連接器7.電源－耦合器連接器8.耦合器－本架控制器連 接器9.耦合器－鄰架控制器連接器 2 電液控制系統(tǒng)控制過程 工作面內(nèi)各個支架控制器與主控制器連成一個計算機(jī)網(wǎng)，形成一個有機(jī)整體。主控器設(shè)在工作面運(yùn)輸巷內(nèi)指揮作業(yè)，它是全工作面電液控制系統(tǒng)的中樞，將接收到的工作面支架控制器信息和采煤機(jī)信息分析處理后反饋給支架控制器，支架控制器將根據(jù)主控臺反饋的信息、支架壓力傳感器和位置傳感器傳來的信號判斷處理后，對電磁閥發(fā)出控制信號，控制支架完成相應(yīng)的動作，同時將支架信息反饋給主控器，主控器根據(jù)監(jiān)測到的信息，及時修改控制器運(yùn)行參數(shù)，協(xié)調(diào)采煤機(jī)與支架同步運(yùn)行。 3 電液控制系統(tǒng)的主要功能 （1）通過支架上安裝的壓力傳感器、行程傳感器、電液控制閥，實現(xiàn)液壓支架的自動移架、自動推移輸送機(jī)等單架（鄰架）非自動控制，自動順序聯(lián)動，成組自動控制，也可以對支架的單個功能控制。 （2）以采煤機(jī)位置為依據(jù)的支架自動控制。采煤機(jī)上安裝的位置檢測裝置將檢測到的采煤機(jī)位置信息傳給系統(tǒng)，系統(tǒng)根據(jù)工作面的作業(yè)規(guī)程和采煤機(jī)位置的信息自動發(fā)出命令指揮相應(yīng)的支架控制器控制支架自動完成相應(yīng)的動作指令。 （3） 支柱在工作中發(fā)生卸載時的自動補(bǔ)壓功能。支柱在支撐中如因某種原因發(fā)生壓力降落，當(dāng)壓力降至某一設(shè)定值時， 系統(tǒng)會自動執(zhí)行升柱，補(bǔ)壓到規(guī)定壓力，并可執(zhí)行多次，保證支護(hù)質(zhì)量。 （4）閉鎖及緊急停止功能。為安全目的不允許工作面某處支架動作時，可操作支架控制器上的閉鎖鍵將本支架閉鎖，同時在軟件作用下還將左右鄰架也閉鎖，只有解鎖操作后才可恢復(fù)。當(dāng)工作面發(fā)生可能危及安全生產(chǎn)的緊急情況，需要立即停止或禁止支架的自動動作時，可按壓任意一個支架控制器上的緊急停止按鍵（與閉鎖鍵共用）， 全工作面支架自動動作立即停止并在急停解除前自動控制功能被禁止。 （5）可設(shè)置主控計算機(jī)，在井下工作面巷道實現(xiàn)對工作面設(shè)備進(jìn)行監(jiān)控和控制，可實現(xiàn)跟機(jī)自動控制或與其他設(shè)備的聯(lián)合控制，也可實現(xiàn)在地面對工作面設(shè)備的控制。 4 電液控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用到薄煤層液壓支架中的突出優(yōu)點 電液控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用到薄煤層液壓支架，實現(xiàn)了復(fù)雜地質(zhì)條件下薄煤開采綜合機(jī)械化的新突破，其優(yōu)點更為突出，使薄煤工作面的生產(chǎn)和管理發(fā)生了根本性的變化，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著。 （1）大大提高了薄煤層綜采自動化程度電液控制系統(tǒng)與采煤機(jī)和刮板輸送機(jī)的控制系統(tǒng)配合聯(lián)動， 可實現(xiàn)薄煤層開采工作面的自動化，煤礦薄煤層綜采自動化程度大大提高。電液控制系統(tǒng)遠(yuǎn)程控制功能， 使井下無人工作面成為現(xiàn)實，較好地解決了薄煤層自動化開采問題。 （2）可實現(xiàn)工作面的平直推進(jìn)。 移架步距準(zhǔn)確， 多架可同時推移刮板輸送機(jī)，采煤機(jī)截深準(zhǔn)確， 可以保持工作面輸送機(jī)的直線性，實現(xiàn)工作面的平直推進(jìn)。另外使輸送機(jī)緩慢彎曲，避免溜槽連接處產(chǎn)生過大應(yīng)力。 （3）顯著改善了工作面頂板的支護(hù)狀況，提高了安全生產(chǎn)系數(shù) 電液控制系統(tǒng)集監(jiān)測和控制于一體，能有效保證工作面液壓支架的初撐力，帶壓擦頂移架，有效防止前方片幫冒頂，利于保護(hù)頂板圍巖的穩(wěn)定。合理解決了液壓支架初撐力達(dá)不到額定阻力和帶壓移架問題， 為改善工作面頂板的維護(hù)提供有利條件，可減少頂板事故。另外操作人員可鄰架控制，遠(yuǎn)離工作面控制，故可避免沖擊地壓粉塵等礦井災(zāi)害的襲擾，保證人員的安全。 （4）降低了煤礦工人的勞動強(qiáng)度，改善了工人的工作環(huán)境 在巷道內(nèi)操作就能完成工作面內(nèi)的破煤、裝煤和運(yùn)煤等各工序，使薄煤層工作面簡單化，減少和改善了薄煤層采煤工人在工作面內(nèi)爬行的工作狀況，安全有了可靠保障，極大地改善了工人的勞動條件和勞動環(huán)境，工人不再進(jìn)入工作面而是在巷道內(nèi)操作機(jī)器，降低了勞動強(qiáng)度；工作面內(nèi)用人少，提高了人工工效； （5）生產(chǎn)效率大大提高，提升了煤礦經(jīng)濟(jì)效益 在薄煤層工作面，原先受煤礦地質(zhì)條件和作業(yè)空間的限制，機(jī)械化程度低，生產(chǎn)效率低。采用電液控制系統(tǒng)后，由計算機(jī)合理安排采煤工序，取消了人工控制過程的輔助時間，移架速度快，同時可以對多個支架編組進(jìn)行控制操作，可實現(xiàn)跟機(jī)定量推溜和自動移架，大幅度提高了采煤機(jī)械的利用率和生產(chǎn)效率，同時也給煤礦帶來了可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 （6）電液控制方式靈活多樣，適用性強(qiáng) 煤礦可根據(jù)本礦的地質(zhì)條件和采煤工藝，靈活選擇多重控制方式來適應(yīng)地質(zhì)條件的變化，對于各種困難地質(zhì)條件和局部構(gòu)造適用性強(qiáng)，特別是對于薄煤層地質(zhì)條件和大傾角液壓支架，其優(yōu)點更為突出。 （7）提高了煤礦資源的利用率 過去產(chǎn)出效率低，一般薄煤層單產(chǎn)只是中厚煤層的1/3 或更少。掘進(jìn)率高，開采成本明顯高于中厚煤層，許多煤礦對薄煤層開采較少，甚至不考慮薄煤開采，隨著電液控制技術(shù)在液壓支架中的應(yīng)用，近年來薄煤層開采得到較快發(fā)展， 以前不愿或不能開采的薄煤層被開采，煤礦資源得到有效開采利用。 5 結(jié)語 ZY3300/07/13 液壓支架是峰峰集團(tuán)第1 套全工作面實現(xiàn)電液控制的薄煤層液壓支架。采用電液控制系統(tǒng)有效地解決了復(fù)雜條件下薄煤層高產(chǎn)高效開采的技術(shù)問題，大大提高了薄煤層開采的機(jī)械化程度。將電液控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用在薄煤層支架中，其優(yōu)點更為突出。目前，ZY3300/07/13 液壓支架正在峰峰集團(tuán)黃沙礦使用，其帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益明顯高于峰峰集團(tuán)小屯礦和大樹村礦使用的手動控制薄煤層液壓支架帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，電液控制薄煤層液壓支架推廣應(yīng)用前景廣闊。 According to incomplete statistics, abandoned underground mining of thin coal seams T of coal resources of 9.0 billion or more. Complex geological conditions of the thin coal seam Complex, coal face space is small, low level of mechanization, input-output Ratio, resulting in thin coal mining technology development is slow. As computing Machine technology and the increasing automation, coal mines of hydraulic support Electro-hydraulic control system aircraft to continuously promote the use, greatly improving the coal Mine production efficiency and automation in order to achieve a thin seam mining Breakthrough mechanized. According to sand mining thin seams Fengfeng Group Geological conditions, selection Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd. Hebei, developed a Electro-hydraulic control of thin coal hydraulic support ZY3300/07/13, by pm32 Electric hydraulic control system, and the thin seam coal mining and conveyor control Linkage system of systems, control and coordination by the program to complete the process, thin seam Face greatly increased the degree of mechanization. A thin seam of hydraulic support ZY3300/07/13 electro-hydraulic control system Configuration composed of (1) thin seam structure of hydraulic support ZY3300/07/13 see Figure 1, the bracket are two types of the covering, working resistance 3 300 kN, Height of 0.7 ~ 1.3 m, center distance of 1.5 m, mining height 0.9 ~ 1.2 m, mainly From the top beam, covering beams, before and after the connecting rod, base, bed bar, column, flat Balanced jack, tune the bottom jack, hydraulic system, etc., support the control Pm32-type system uses electro-hydraulic control system, according to coal mining workers Arts requirements, the flexibility to select multiple control modes, manual Single-frame control, frame control neighborhood, group process control, transportation Lane Face Full-face within the programmable remote master controller. (2) electro-hydraulic control system of hydraulic support the configuration of electro-hydraulic control System. Single frame controller as the core control system, mainly by the bracket Controller, column pressure sensors, sensor trip over jack, Electro-hydraulic valve group, the infrared detector (transmitter installed in the coal mining Machine) etc. Configuration is shown in Figure 2. Through the connector, coupler Interconnect controller for each bracket, and then configure the dual power supply box, the total Line enhancer composed of a computer network, can achieve multiple control Way. The configuration of the entire face and is shown in Figure 3. Figure 2 Single-frame control system 1. Electro-hydraulic valve group 2. Goes jack displacement sensor 3. Column pressure sensor Device 4. IR receiver 5. Electromagnetic coil driver Figure 3, the configuration of the entire face 1. Stent controller 2. Isolation coupler 3. Dual Power Box 4. Bus riser 5. Network termination Terminal device 6. Frame between the connector 7. Power - Coupler connector 8. Couplers - with the frame controller Connector 9. Couplers - o shelf controller connector 2 electro-hydraulic control system control process Face of each bracket within the controller and the host controller into a connected A computer network to form an organic whole. In the work of master Surface transportation lane command operations, it is the whole face electro-hydraulic control system The center, will receive the controller information and mining working face Information analysis and processing machine back to the stand after the controller, the controller bracket Feedback information according to the console, bracket and location of pressure sensors Determine the sensor signal processing came after the issue of control of the solenoid valve Signal, control bracket to complete the appropriate action, while the bracket information Feedback to the master, master the information to the monitoring and timely repair Change the controller operating parameters, coordination and support synchronous operation Shearer. 3 electro-hydraulic control system functions (1) through the bracket installed on the pressure sensor, travel sensor Devices, electro-hydraulic control valve, the automatic transfer of hydraulic support frame, automatically push Moving conveyor, such as single frame (o-planes) of non-automatic control, automatic sequence associated Move into a group of automatic control, can also support a single function control. (2) shearer location-based support automation. Mining Installed on coal-position detection device will detect the position of Shearer Home information to the system, the system operating under the rules and mining face Coal location information automatically support an order commanding the corresponding control Control bracket system automatically orders the appropriate action. (3) pillars of the work occurring in the auto-fill pressure unloading function Energy. As a result of the support pillars in the pressure drop occurs for some reason, when When the pressure down to a set value, the system will automatically lift column, make Pressure to the required pressure, and can perform multiple, supporting quality assurance. (4) Locking and emergency stop functions. Not allowed for security purposes Face somewhere bracket action, the operational support of the closure on the controller Lock key to lock the bracket, while the software will be left under the action of o Frame is also closed, and only unlock after restore operation. When the face that may endanger the safety of emergency situations, Need to immediately stop or disable the automatic action stent can press any A bracket means the emergency stop button on the controller (with latch key Total Use), all working face automatic action to immediately stop and emergency stop solution In addition to automatic control functions are disabled before. (5) can be set to the host computer, implemented in the underground tunnel face Is on the face equipment monitoring and control can be realized with the automatic Control or joint control with other equipment can also be realized in the face Face control. 4 electro-hydraulic control system applied to the thin seam of the outstanding merits of hydraulic support Electro-hydraulic control system applied to the thin coal hydraulic support to achieve Thin under complicated geological conditions of the new breakthroughs in mechanized coal mining, its Advantage is more prominent, so thin coal face of production and management have taken place Fundamental changes, significant economic benefits. (1) greatly increased the degree of automation Thin Seam Mining Electro-hydraulic control system and shearer and conveyor control With the linkage system can achieve automatic thin coal seam face Technology, coal Thin Seam Mining greatly increased degree of automation. Electro-hydraulic control Remote control system of the system, so that no one face into mine now Fact, solved the problem of thin seam mining automation. (2) can achieve straight face forward. Frame accurate step move, multi-rack conveyor over the same time, Shearer deep and accurate, can keep a straight face conveyor , To achieve face straight forward. In addition to the slow curve conveyor Music, to avoid generating too large chute connection stress. (3) significantly improved the status of the supporting roof and improve The safety factor Electro-hydraulic control system set to monitor and control in one, can effectively protect Card Face the setting load of hydraulic support, frame shift with pressure rub the top of the effective To prevent the front of the slide and roof fall, which will help protect the roof rock of stability. Co Management to solve the hydraulic support force of less than the rated resistance and with pressure Moving frame issues, to improve the maintenance of roof to provide favorable conditions Parts, can reduce the roof accident. In addition the operator can control the adjacent shelf, far Control away from the face, it can avoid the burst of dust and other mine disasters The harassment and ensure staff safety. (4) reduce the labor intensity of the mine workers and improve working conditions for workers Operation can be done in the tunnel face in the breaking of coal, coal loading And coal and other processes, so that a thin seam simplification, reduction and Improved thin seam coal mining workers in the face like the work within the crawl Conditions, a reliable security guarantee, which greatly improved the labor Conditions and working environment, workers no longer enter the face but in the roadway The operation of machinery, reducing the labor intensity; face in employing less, provided Artificial high efficiency; (5), greatly improving production efficiency, improve economic efficiency of coal mine In thin seam, the original work by the geological conditions and coal mines Space constraints, the low degree of mechanization, low production efficiency. Using electro-hydraulic Control system, reasonable arrangements for coal mining operations by the computer, eliminating Auxiliary manual control process time frame moving fast, and can Grouping of multiple stents to control operation can be realized with the machine to push the quantitative Slip and automatic shifting planes, substantially increased the utilization of coal mining machinery and Production efficiency, but also to mine brought considerable economic benefits. (6) flexible electro-hydraulic control, applicability Coal mines in accordance with the geological conditions and mining technology, flexible Multiple control options to adapt to changes in geological conditions, for all Kinds of difficult geological conditions and local structures in application, especially for Geological conditions and thin coal seam inclined hydraulic support, and its advantages more sudden Out. (7) increased utilization of coal resources Over the past output efficiency is low, generally yield only a thin seam of coal in the thick Layer 1 / 3 or less. Tunneling rate, mining costs are significantly higher than in the thick Coal, many coal mines on the thin coal seam less, even without considering the thin coal Mining, with electro-hydraulic control technology in the application of hydraulic supports in recent years To be rapid development of thin coal seam, mining previously unwilling or unable to Thin coal seam is mined, the effective exploitation of coal resources. 5 Conclusion ZY3300/07/13 peak hydraulic support is the whole set of working group 1 Electro-hydraulic control for the surface to achieve the thin seam hydraulic support. Using electro-hydraulic control System to effectively solve the complex system under the condition of high efficiency thin coal seam Exploitation of technical problems, greatly improving the mechanization of thin seam mining Level. Electro-hydraulic control system will be applied in thin seam support, its excellent Point more prominent. Currently, ZY3300/07/13 hydraulic support is the peak Sand mining use Feng Group, which was significantly higher than the peak of the economic benefits Peak Group Xiaotun mining and tree mining village of thin coal seams using manual control Economic benefits of hydraulic supports, electro-hydraulic control of the hydraulic support Thin Seam Frame application prospect.