φ500機(jī)械翻倒卸料離心機(jī)設(shè)計
φ500機(jī)械翻倒卸料離心機(jī)設(shè)計,φ500機(jī)械翻倒卸料離心機(jī)設(shè)計,機(jī)械,翻倒,卸料,離心機(jī),設(shè)計
附 錄
附錄A 英文文獻(xiàn)
Dump Truck Overview
Compartment is equipped with automatic devices for dumping cars. Also known as dump trucks, construction vehicles, from motor vehicle chassis, hydraulic lifting mechanism, taking the composition of power devices andFreight platform.
In civil engineering, often with the excavators, loaders, belt conveyors, such as joint operations, constitute a loading, transportation and unloading production lines, to carry out earthworks, gravel, loading and unloading loose materials transport. Compartment can be loaded automatically as a result of a certain tipping point of discharge, discharge significant savings of time and labor, reduce the transport cycle, increase productivity, reduce transportation costs, and to identify the loading capacity. Transport machinery is commonly used.
Engine, chassis and cab of the truck the same structure and general. Can train to the tipping or lateral tipping, through manipulation of the system control rod movement, tipping beyond the more common to promote the piston rod so that tipping inside. A small number of two-way tipping. The allocation of oil by high-pressure valves, tubing into the lifting hydraulic cylinder, inside the front fenders have a driver's safety. Engine through the transmission, hydraulic pump driven from power devices, hydraulic tipping body inside fuel tanks, hydraulic pumps, distribution valves, hydraulic lifting cylinder, control valves and tubing and other components. Hydraulic tipping body inside the tank, pump, distribution valves, hydraulic lifting cylinder, control valves and tubing and other components. Engine through the transmission, hydraulic pump driven from power plant, high pressure oil through the distribution valve, hydraulic cylinder tubing into the lift, push rod so that tipping inside. After tipping more to the common piston rod through the control system to control movement, will enable the train to stop at any position on the need for the tilt. Compartments use of its own gravity and hydraulic control reset.
Dump Truck of the main technical parameters are loaded with weight, and marked volume loading. New car or car repair factory commissioning must be carried out so that the process inside a smooth lifting action without strings. Use of the site shall be the right choice of lubricating oil, saving unloading time and labor, the attention of lubrication cycle, lifting oil change schedule strictly. Shipment according to nominal load, overloading is strictly prohibited.
Dump truck classification:
1. In accordance with the carrying capacity of the chassis can be divided into series dump truck, dump in tons of series and series of large-tonnage Dump;
2. By the driver dump the form of the bridge can be divided into single-, double-bridge dump, dump eight after the first four, the first four series of ten different models;
3. By unloading the hydraulic lifting mechanism can be divided into different Monacrosporium biparietal dump and dump.
Structural analysis of the dump truck:
Mainly by the hydraulic dump truck dump bodies, cars, and its annexes constitute the frame. Hydraulic dump them inside the structure of institutions and manufacturers in various different modifications, the following compartments and the lifting mechanism in accordance with the pattern of the two aspects of the structure of that dump truck.
1、compartment type
Node compartments by use of different body types can be broadly divided into: general rectangular bucket compartment and inside mine.
Ordinary rectangular compartments for the carriage of goods in bulk. Plate with subsequent automatic opening and closing of institutions, to ensure smooth unloading of goods. Ordinary rectangular compartment thickness as follows: pre-board 4 to 6mm, side panels 4 to 8 mm, after the board 5 to 8 mm, bottom 6 to 12 mm. For example: dump truck license ChengLi common standard rectangular compartment thickness as follows: 4 at the end of the first 4 side 8 5.
Inside bucket mining is applicable to a larger particle size, such as large stones of goods in transit. Taking into account the impact of goods and touch buildings, mining bucket inside the design of more complex shape, with thicker material. For example:-way power bucket mining dump truck license compartment standard thickness as follows: 6 at the end of the first 6 edges 10, and some models in the floor on some angle iron welded to increase the train capacity of stiffness and impact resistance.
2 、lifting body type
Dump truck lifting mechanism is the core of the primary advantages and disadvantages of discriminant indicators truck.
Type lifting mechanism common current: F-type lifting mechanism to enlarge tripod, T-style tripod lifting mechanism to enlarge, double lift, the former top-lift and double rollover.
Enlarge tripod-type lifting mechanism is currently the most frequently used means of a lift for 8 to 40 tons of dead weight, train length of 4.4 ~ 6 meters. Advantage of the structure of mature, stable lifting and cheap; disadvantages inside the frame on the main floor of the closed height of the larger plane.
Most forms of double lift truck in 6X4, it is in the second on both sides of the bridge in front of more than one level of the tank is installed (usually 3 ~ 4), the hydraulic cylinder on the fulcrum of a direct role in the compartment floor. Double advantage of lifting the main floor for the inside frame of the closing high on a smaller plane; the shortcomings of the hydraulic system is very difficult to ensure synchronization of two hydraulic cylinders, give less smooth Health on the inside bottom of the overall stiffness higher.
Lift the top way before the simple structure, inside the frame on the main floor of the closed high plane can be very small, vehicle stability, the smaller the hydraulic system pressure, but the first trip at the most larger-cylinder class, the high cost .
Double-sided cylinder roll force is better, less travel to achieve double-rollover; but more complex hydraulic piping, Health cited a higher rate of roll-over accident.
Dump Truck Selection:
Dump Truck with the development and improvement of domestic purchasing power, dump truck is not in the traditional sense, what the living can do everything dump truck, from the design point of view is different goods, different working conditions, the development of different regions of different products. This requires users to buy vehicles specific to the use of manufacturers.
1、 chassis
In the selection of the chassis, the economic benefits that are to be considered, such as: the price of the chassis, loading quality, overloading the capacity of 100 kilometers fuel consumption, maintenance fee, etc.. In addition, users should also consider the following chassis parameters:
① plane height on the chassis frame. General 6x4 chassis frame height on the plane for the 1050 ~ 1200. The higher the value the greater the vehicle center of gravity, the more easily overturned. Factors affecting the value is the tire diameter, suspension of the layout and height of the main frame section.
② chassis rear overhang. The numerical impact of the General Assembly of Health cited the stability of dump truck, resulting in roll-over accident of Health cited. This value is normally between 500-1100 (except truck rollover).
③ vehicle reasonable match, use and reliable.
2、upload
Dump Truck manufacturer modified the current cohabitation, choose the selection of dump truck manufacturers is equally important than the choice of products. In addition to look at products, but also the ability of equipment manufacturers, dump truck load of design, whether it is a mature technology and equipment, after-sales service commitment, whether or not to buy such accessories.
附 錄B 英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯
自卸車 概述
車廂配有自動傾卸裝置的汽車。又稱為翻斗車、工程車，由汽車底盤、液壓舉升機(jī)構(gòu)、取力裝置和貨廂組成。
在土木工程中，常同挖掘機(jī)、裝載機(jī)、帶式輸送機(jī)等聯(lián)合作業(yè)，構(gòu)成裝、運(yùn)、卸生產(chǎn)線，進(jìn)行土方、砂石、松散物料的裝卸運(yùn)輸。由于裝載車廂能自動傾翻一定角度卸料，大大節(jié)省卸料時間和勞動力，縮短運(yùn)輸周期，提高生產(chǎn)效率，降低運(yùn)輸成本，并標(biāo)明裝載容積。是常用的運(yùn)輸機(jī)械。
發(fā)動機(jī)、底盤及駕駛室的構(gòu)造和一般載重汽車相同。車廂可以后向傾翻或側(cè)向傾翻，通過操縱系統(tǒng)控制活塞桿運(yùn)動，以后向傾翻較普遍，推動活塞桿使車廂傾翻。少數(shù)雙向傾翻。高壓油經(jīng)分配閥、油管進(jìn)入舉升液壓缸，車廂前端有駕駛室安全防護(hù)板。發(fā)動機(jī)通過變速器、取力裝置驅(qū)動液壓泵，車廂液壓傾翻機(jī)構(gòu)由油箱、液壓泵、分配閥、舉升液壓缸、控制閥和油管等組成。車廂液壓傾翻機(jī)構(gòu)由油箱、液壓泵、分配閥、舉升液壓缸、控制閥和油管等組成。發(fā)動機(jī)通過變速器、取力裝置驅(qū)動液壓泵，高壓油經(jīng)分配閥、油管進(jìn)入舉升液壓缸，推動活塞桿使車廂傾翻。以后向傾翻較普遍，通過操縱系統(tǒng)控制活塞桿運(yùn)動，可使車廂停止在任何需要的傾斜位置上。車廂利用自身重力和液壓控制復(fù)位。
自卸車的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)是裝載重量，并標(biāo)明裝載容積。新車或大修出廠車必須進(jìn)行試運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，使車廂舉升過程平穩(wěn)無串動。使用時各部位應(yīng)按規(guī)定正確選用潤滑油，大大節(jié)省卸料時間和勞動力，注意潤滑周期，舉升機(jī)構(gòu)嚴(yán)格按期調(diào)換油料。按額定裝載量裝運(yùn)，嚴(yán)禁超載。
自卸車的分類：
1.按底盤承載能力可分為輕卡系列自卸、中噸系列自卸和大噸位系列自卸；
2.按驅(qū)動形式可分單橋自卸、雙橋自卸、前四后八自卸、前四后十等不同系列車型；
3.按卸載液壓舉升機(jī)構(gòu)不同可分為單頂自卸和雙頂自卸。
自卸車的構(gòu)造分析：
自卸車主要由液壓傾卸機(jī)構(gòu)、車廂、車架及其附件構(gòu)成。其中液壓傾卸機(jī)構(gòu)和車廂結(jié)構(gòu)各個改裝廠家不盡相同，以下按車廂和舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的型式兩個方面說明自卸車的結(jié)構(gòu)。
1、車廂型式
車廂結(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)型式按用途不同大概可分為：普通矩形車廂和礦用鏟斗車廂。普通矩形車廂用于散裝貨物運(yùn)輸。其后板裝有自動開合機(jī)構(gòu)，保證貨物順利卸出。普通矩形車廂板厚為：前板4到6mm，邊板4到8 mm，后板5到8 mm，底板6到12 mm。比如：程力牌自卸車普通矩形車廂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置板厚為：前4邊4底8后5。
礦用鏟斗車廂則適用于大石塊等粒度較大貨物的運(yùn)輸?？紤]到貨物的沖擊和碰幢，礦用鏟斗車廂的設(shè)計形狀較復(fù)雜，用料較厚。比如：程力牌自卸車礦用鏟斗車廂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置板厚為：前6邊6底10，而且有些車型在底板上焊接一些角鋼，以增加車廂的剛度和抗沖擊能力。
2 舉升機(jī)構(gòu)型式
舉升機(jī)構(gòu)是自卸車的核心，是判別自卸車優(yōu)劣的首要指標(biāo)。舉升機(jī)構(gòu)的型式目前國內(nèi)常見的有：F式三角架放大舉升機(jī)構(gòu)、T式三角架放大舉升機(jī)構(gòu)、雙缸舉升、前頂舉升和雙面?zhèn)确?
三角架放大式舉升機(jī)構(gòu)是目前國內(nèi)使用最多的一種舉升方式，適用載重量8~40噸，車廂長度4.4~6米。優(yōu)點(diǎn)為結(jié)構(gòu)成熟、舉升平穩(wěn)、造價低；缺點(diǎn)為車廂底板與主車架上平面的閉合高度較大。
雙缸舉升形式大多用在6X4自卸車上，是在第二橋前方兩側(cè)各安裝一支多級缸（一般為3~4級），液壓缸上支點(diǎn)直接作用在車廂底板上。雙缸舉升的優(yōu)點(diǎn)為車廂底板與主車架上平面的閉合高度較??；缺點(diǎn)是液壓系統(tǒng)很難保證兩液壓缸同步，舉生平穩(wěn)性較差，對車廂底板的整體剛度要求較高。
前頂舉升方式結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、車廂底板與主車架上平面的閉合高度可以很小，整車穩(wěn)定性好，液壓系統(tǒng)壓力較小，但前頂多級缸行程較大，造價很高。
雙面?zhèn)确簤焊资芰^好，行程較小，可實現(xiàn)雙面?zhèn)确?；但液壓管路較復(fù)雜，舉生翻車事故發(fā)生率較高。
自卸車選型：
隨著自卸汽車的發(fā)展和國內(nèi)購買能力的提高，自卸車已經(jīng)不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的什么活都可以干的萬能自卸車，從設(shè)計角 度講也是按不同的貨物、不同工況、不同地區(qū)開發(fā)不同的產(chǎn)品。這就要求用戶在購買車輛時要向廠家提供具體使用情況。
1、底盤
在選擇底盤時，一般是按經(jīng)濟(jì)效益來考慮的，比如：底盤的價格、裝載質(zhì)量、超載能力、百公里油耗、養(yǎng)路費(fèi)等。除此之外，用戶還要考慮底盤的如下參數(shù)：
① 底盤車架上平面離地高度。一般6x4底盤車架上平面離地高度為1050~1200。該數(shù)值越大整車重心越高，越容易造成翻車。影響該數(shù)值的因素主要是輪胎直徑、懸掛的布置和主車架截面高度。
② 底盤后懸。該數(shù)值過大會影響自卸車舉生穩(wěn)定性，造成舉生翻車事故。此數(shù)值一般在500-1100之間（側(cè)翻自卸車除外）。
③ 整車匹配合理、使用可靠。
2、上裝
目前自卸車改裝廠家魚龍混雜，選擇自卸車時選擇廠家比選擇產(chǎn)品同樣重要。除看產(chǎn)品外，還要了解廠家的設(shè)備能力、自卸車上裝的設(shè)計、工藝裝備是否成熟、售后服務(wù)承諾、配件是否能買到等。
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