圓柱螺旋彈簧測力分選機結構設計 (2)
圓柱螺旋彈簧測力分選機結構設計 (2),圓柱螺旋彈簧測力分選機結構設計,(2),圓柱,螺旋彈簧,測力,分選,結構設計
J o ur n a l o f S h a n g h a i J i a o t o n g Un i v e r s i t y ( S c i e n c e ) , Vo 1 E一 1 0, No 4 , 2 0 0 5 , 3 8 1 3 8 6 Ar t i c l e I D : 1 0 0 7 1 1 7 2 ( 2 0 0 5 ) 0 4 0 3 8 1 - 0 6 The Hy dr a u l i c Co nt r o l Us i ng La bVI EW f o r a S y n t h e t i c Ru b be r S p r i ng Te s t i ng M a c h i ne A l e j a n d r o B o r d a ( t g爾達) , WANG Xu y o n g ( T旭永 ) ( Me c h a t r o n i c I n s t ,S h a n g h a i J i a o t o n g Un i v ,S h a n g h a i 2 0 0 0 3 0,Ch i n a ) Ab s t r a c t :Th e a p p l i c a t i o n i s a c o n t r o l mo v e me n t o f t wo h y d r a u l i c c y l i n d e r f o r a s y n c h r o n i z e mo v e me n t Th e ma i n p u r p o s e o f t h i s p a p e r i s t o s h o w a s h o r t p r o g r a mmi n g c o d e i n La b VI EW t o c o n t r o l t h e mo v e me n t o f t wo c y l i n d e r s wi t h a n a u t o ma t i c c o n t r o l p r o g r a m u s i n g o n l y a n a l o g i n p u t s f r o m t h e s e n s o r o f p r e s s u r e a n d l i n e a r d i s p l a c e me n t s e n s o r a n d t h e d i g i t a l o u t p u t f r o m t h e h y d r a u l i c v a l v e s Th i s i s d e s i g n e d f o r o n e o f t h e t e s t o f t h i s s y n t h e t i c r u b b e r s p r i n g t e s t i n g ma c h i n e Ke y wo r d s :r u b b e r e l a s t i c i t y;mu l t i l a y e r r u b b e r s p r i n g;s t a c k e d s e q u e n c e s t r u c t u r e Do c u me nt c o de:A I nt r 0 d u c t i 0 n I 、 h e s yn t he t i c r ubb e r t e s t ma c h i n e i s t o t e s t t h e r ub be r s pr i n g o f t he s ub wa y wa go nTh e pr a c t i c a l u s e o f t hi s ma c hi ne i s t o ma ke a p r e v e n t i n g mai nt e na n c e s o we c a n k no w wi t h a c c u r a c y t h e s pe n di n g l i f e o f t h e r ubb e r s pr i n g Ev e r y r u bb e r s p r i n g i s a s u b j e c t o f a c y c l e o r wo r k i n g h o u r s ,a f t e r t hi s pe r i o d t h e t e s t i n g of t hi s s p r i n g r u bb e r m u s t do i t a c c o r di n g t o s p e c i f i c a t i on of t he ma n u f a c t u r e r ,t h e t e s t i n g ma c hi n e i s de s i g ne d t o t e s t 4 ki n ds of r u bb e r s pr i n gs;t he on e t ha t i s us e d f or t hi s t e s t i s c a l l e d m u l t i l a y e r r ub be r s pr i ng The mai n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f t hi s t e s t,c omp a r e d wi t h t h e o t h e r r u b b e r s p r i n g s ,i s t h a t t h i s i s t h e o n l y o n e whi c h c ombi ne s t he f o r c e of t wo c y l i nd e r s: on e v e r t i c a l a nd o n e h or i z 0 n t a 1 S t r u c t u r e As s e mb l y The s t r u c t ur e a s s e mbl y f o r t he t e s t i n g m a c h i ne i s ve r y s i m p l e The t e s t i ng pl a t f o r m ha s a n u p p e r f r a me , mo b i l e f r a me , l o we r f r a me , t e s t p i e c e v e r t i c a l c o l u mn o f a c h u c k i n g f r a me ,c h u c k i n g f r a me s up p or t u pp e r of t he wo r k i n g p l a t f or m , hy d r au l i c s y s t e m i s i ns t a l l e d do wn t o t he wor ki n g pl a t f o r m Th e pl a t f o r m h i gh e s t hy d r a ul i c pr e s s ur e i s 1 5 0 k N ,a n d a s i m p l e me c ha n i c a 1 s t r u c t ur e on l y Re c e i v e d d a t e:2 0 0 5 一 O 5 1 7 E ma i l g b o r d a c y a h o o c o rn c n us e s t wo v e r t i c a l c ol u m ns t o ho l d i t A t t he s a me t i me t h e d e s i g n i s u n d e r t h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e r i g i d t r a n s v e r s a l me a s ur e m e n t of t h e m u l t i l ay e r r u b b e r s p r i n g e l e me n t s Mo r e o v e r ,t h e r e a r e d i f f e r e n t t e s t pi e c e s a n d t h e me a s u r e me nt s a r e n o t t he Sa mP Th e h or i z o nt a l hy dr a u l i c c y l i nd e r i s f i x e d i n t o t h e f r a me s t r u c t u r e The a l t i t ud e of t h e b a s e c a n b e mo d i f i e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e t e s t i n g p i e c e j u s t c ha n gi n g t he b a s e s u pp or t a c c or d i ng t o t he t e s t Th e v e r t i c a l p r e s s u r e s e n s o r i s f i x e d a t t h e h e a d o f t he v e r t i c a l c y l i n de r The m o v e me nt of t he v e r t i c a l c y l i nd e r i s a l wa ys p us hi ng d o wn a pp l y i ng a c o m p r e s s i on f or c e i n t o t he t e s t i ng p i e c e The v e r t i c a l s e n s o r i s i ns t a l l e d a t t he b ot t om f r a m e s t r u c t ur e i n a f i x e d p o s i t i o n j u s t p a r a l l e l t o t h e v e r t i c a l c o l umns Th e v e r t i c al f o r c e s e n s or i s i n s t a l l e d a t t h e b a s e o f t h e h e a d o f t h e v e r t i c a l c y l i n d e r a n d a l s o t he ho r i z on t a l di s p l a c e m e n t s e ns or i s i ns t a l l e d a t t h e b a c k o f t h e h o r i z o n t a l c y l i n d e r r i g h t a t t h e b o t t o m o f t hi s ( VJ e w Fi g1 ) Du r i n g t h e e l a s t i c i t y t e s t o f a mu l t i l a y e r r u b be r s p r i ng,a ho r i z on t a l f or c e m u s t be a pp l y t o 6 5 kN a n d t h e n t h e ho r i z on t a l c y l i nd e r m u s t d i s pl a c e 土 3 0 mm,d u r i n g t h i s p r o c e s s we a c q u i r e t h e a n a l o g s i g n a l f r o m t h e f or c e s e ns o r o f t he ho r i z on t a l c y l i nd e r ,t h e n we h a v e t o me a s ur e t he c o ns t a nt K of t h e r u bbe r s p r i ng f or t h i s r e a s on us i n g t hi s f or mu l a K一 ( F1 +F 2 ) 6 0( N mm) 維普資訊 http:/ 3 8 2 A l e i a n d r o B o r d a ( t g爾達) , WA NG Xu y o n g( S E旭永) l l 5-2 Fi g 1 Ge n e r a l v i e w o f t h e t e s t i n g ma c h i n e 1 一 U p p e r f r a me;2 一 Ve r t i c a l c yl i n d e r;3一 M o b i l e f r a me;4一 Ve r t i c a l f o r c e s e n s o r ; 5 一 Fo r c e c o l u mn; 6一 Ve r t i c a l di s p l a c e me n t s e n s o r ; 7 一 Te s t p i e c e; 8 一 To o l p l a t e; 9 一 Lo we r f r a me; 1 O As s e mbl y f r a me;1 1 一 Hor i z o n t a l f o r c e s e n s o r;1 2一 Hor i z o n t al c y l i n d e r :1 3 一 Ho r i z o n t a l d i s p l a c e me n t s e ns o r 2 Pr e s s u r e S y s t e m The p r e s s ur e s y s t e m p r i nc i p l e s c a n be s e e n a s i n t he Fi g 2The s y s t e m u s e s t wo h yd r a ul i c pu mp c o nn e c t e d wi t h a n e l e c t r i c a l mo t o r,t he hy dr a ul i c p ump s ne v e r e x c e e d t he wo r ki n g p r e s s u r e o f 1 6 MP a ,a f l o w o f 6 mL r a n d 1 6 mL r T h e p u mp s t a t i on i s d e s i gn e d wi t h a pr e s s u r e ga u g e me t e r, f i l t e r e t c Th e p u mp s wo r k i n g p r e s s u r e( h o r i z o n t a l a nd ve r t i c a l c yl i n de r ) i S d i v i d e d t hr o u gh f o ur e l e c t r oma g ne t i c v a l v e s The pu m p 1 i s d e s i gn e d f o r t h r e e d i f f e r e n t wo r k i n g p r e s s u r e ( 1 5 0, 1 0 0 , 5 0 k N) Th e r e f o r e f o r t h e h i g h f r e q u e n c y o f me a s u r e me n t t e s t t h e s p e e d o f b o t h h y d r a u l i c p u mp s c a n b e a d j u s t e d u s i n g a v a l v e Du r i n g t h e l o a d i n g t e s t t h e s p e e d i s a b o u t 1 mm s ,t h i s i s a l s o d u r i n g t h e u n l o a d i n g p r o c e s s Th e s p e e d c a n b e a d j u s t i n g a r o u n d 2 mm s ;t h e s y s t e m h a s t wo c l o s e v a l v e s t h e s e a r e f o r p r o t e c t i n g t h e h y d r a u l i c p u mp s Th e s c he ma t i c of t he hy d r a ul i c s y s t e m c a n b e a p pr e c i a t e d i n t h e Fi g 2 a n d t h e c o n t r o l a n d c h a n g e o f t h e e l e c t r o ma g ne t i c v a l v e s c a n b e s e e n i n Ta b 1 Fi g 2 Hy dr a ul i c pr es s ur e di a gr a m 1 ,2, 3, 4一 P r e s s u r e r e l i e f v a l v e;5,6一 El e c t r o m a gn e t i c c o mm u t e v a l v e s ;7, 8一 On e wa y r e s t r i c t o r;9 一 Fl o w c o n t r o l o n e wa y v a l v e; 1 0, I I, I 2一 El e c t r o ma g n e t i c c o m mu t e v a l v e s ; I 3一 On e wa y v a l v e; 1 4- Ga t e v a l v e;1 5 - Fi l t e r ;1 6- Pr e s s ur e ga u ge ;1 7 一 Ai r f i l t e r Tab 1 Ac t i o n c ha r t o f t he hy dr au l i c s ys t e m DT1 DT2 DT 3 DT4 DT5 DT6 DT7 DT8 S t a n d a r d s t a t e M a i n c y l i n de r f a s t a d v a n c e d M a i n c y l i n d e r s l o w a d v a n c e d M a i n c y l i n d e r s l o w r e t u r n M a i n c y l i n d e r f a s t r e t u r n Ho r i z o n t a l c y l i n d e r l e f t a d v a n c e d Ho r i z o n t a l c y l i n de r r i g h t a dv a n c e d M a i n c y l i n d e r h yd r a u l i c p r e s s u r e I M a i n c y l i n d e r hy d r a u l i c p r e s s u r e 2 M a i n c y l i n d e r hy d r a u l i c p r e s s u r e 3 3 Ac qu i s i t i o n Ca r d a n d Co nt r o l Dr i v e r s For t he c on t r ol a nd a c q ui s i t i o n o f d a t a we u s e t wo di f f e r e nt c a r ds:on e a n al og c a r d t o c o l l e c t t he s i g na l f r o m t he s e ns o r s a nd t he ot h e r d i g i t a l c a r d t o c o n t r o l t h e o n o f f v a l v e s B o t h c a r d s a r e a d v a n 一 ; il i; l ;il ; 8l ; ;l;f l ; 一l i i * il l i l 維普資訊 http:/ Th e Hy d r a u l i c Co nt r o l Us i n g L a b VI EW f o r a S y n t h e t i c Ru b b e r t e c h c a r ds, t he s e c a r ds a r e m a de i n Ta i wa n a n d t h e y a r e a l s o c o nt r ol l a b l e us i n g La b V I EW , t he dr i v e r s f or La bVI EW m u s t b e d o wnl o a di ng f r o m t he W e bs i t e o f Ad v a nt e c hl Compa nyTh e a n al og c a r d i s t he PCL 8 1 8 L 1 6 s i n gl e e nd e d o r 8 di f f e r e n t i a l a n a l o g i n p u t s ,4 0 k Hz ,1 2 一 b i t A D c o n v e r t e r ( c o nv e r s i o n t i me 2 5 “ s) Pr o gr a mma bl e ga i n f or e a c h i n p u t c h a n n e l( u p t o 8 )Au t o ma t i c c h a n n e l g a i n s c a n n i n g wi t h DMATh e Di g i t a l I O c a r d i s PCL一 7 3 0 wh i c h ha s 3 2 i s o l a t e d DI O c ha n ne l s ( 1 6 i n p u t s a n d 1 6 o u t p u t s) ,t h e h a r d wa r e s t r u c t u r e yo u c a n a pp r e c i a t e i n Fi g 3 Fi g 3 Th e h a r d wa r e s y s t e m s t r u c t u r e 4 Pr o g r a mmi ng o f t he Co n t r o l Pr o g r a m on c e we i n s t al l t he d r i v e r s f or t h e a d v a nt e c h c a r d s t he pr o g r am c a n s t a r t The c o nf i gu r a t i o n of t h e p r o gr a m i s a b a s i c c o nt r o l us i n g La bVI EW a s i t s h o ws i n Fi g 4 Ho r i z o n t al c y l i n d e r Ve r t i c a l c yl i n d e r S e c o n d s t a g e _l e a : e p 一 I n i t i a l p o i n t Fi g 4 Vi e w o f t h e c o n t r o l p r o c e s s o f t h e c y l i n d e r s A t t he be gi nni n g s t a ge t h e v e r t i c a l c y l i n d e r c o mpr e s s e s t h e r ub be r s pr i n g u nt i l i t s e ns e s a f o r c e 3 83 of 6 5 kN t h e n h or i z o nt a l c yl i n d e r m u s t s t a r t mo v i n g + 3 0 mm t o t h e r i g h t a n d t h e n r e t u r n t o t h e l e f t 一6 0 mm an d t h e n m o v e t o t h e r i g ht+ 30 mm a n d s t op,a n d t he v e r t i c a l c y l i nd e r r e t u r n s t o i t s or i gi n a l p o i n t( v i e w Fi g 4 ) Du r i n g t h i s c o mb i n a t i o n p r oc e s s on e o f t he di f f i c u l t i e s i s t he c o nt r o l mov e m e nt be c a u s e t hi s m o v e me nt mus t b e s y nc h r on i z e d t o a v o i d b ot h c y l i n de r s c ol l i d i n g I n t hi s c a s e we a r e g o i n g t o s h o w o n l t h e c o n t r o l f o r t h e c y l i n d e r s be c a u s e t he f ul l c on t r ol of t h i s pr o gr a m i s t o o e x t e nd e d t o s h ow i t i n t h i s r e p or t al s o we a r e o nl v g oi n g t o s h ow t he b a c k pa n e l p r og r a m t o c on t r ol t h i s t e s t Thi s La bVI EW p r og r a m i s mai nl y d e s i g ne d b y u s i n g t he e l e me nt c a l l e d s t a c ke d s e qu e nc e s t r uc t ur e whi c h c on s i s t s of o n e or mor e s ub di a gr a ms, o r f r a me s, t h a t e x e c u t e s e q ue nt i a l l y U s e t he s t a c ke d s e qu e nc e s t r u c t u r e t o e ns u r e a s ub di a gr a m e xe c u t e s b e f o r e or a f t e r a no t h e r s ub di a gra m 4 1 Be g i n ni ng St a g e As y o u c a n s e e i n Fi g5, a t t h e f i r s t s t a ge wh e n t he v e r t i c a l c y l i nd e r i s c omi n g d own unt i l t he v e r t i c a l f o r c e s e n s o r a c q ui r e 6 5 kN of f o r c e a ga i n s t t h e r u bb e r s p r i ng t h e n t h e c y l i nd e r s t o p s a nd s t a y s i n t h i s p o s i t i o n u n t i l t h e t e s t i s c o mp l e t e d( S e e a l s o Fi g 4 ) 4 2 Fi r s t S t a g e Fo r t h e c on t r ol of t he h o r i z o nt a l we ha v e t o a c qu i r e t he i ni t i a l po s i t ho r i z on t a l d i s p l a c e m e nt s e ns o r, a n d ma r k o u r i ni t i a l po i nt a n d ba s e on t h c y l i nd e r,f i r s t o n us i ng t h e t he n we c a n s i ni t i a l p oi nt a nd c a n ma ke ou r di s pl a c e me nt a n d c on t r o l of t h e c y l i n d e r c o u n t i n g + 3 0 mm ( Vi e w Fi g 6 ) 4 3 S e c on d S t a g e Dur i n g t h e s e c on d s t a g e t he r e t ur n of t he h or i z o nt a l c y l i n de r mu s t e xt e n d 6 0 mm t o t he l e f t a n d t h e n s t o p,du r i ng t hi s pr o c e s s we m u s t a c q ui r e t h e m e a s u r e me nt o f t h e f o r c e t h a t t h e c yl i nd e r e x e r t s o v e r t h e r u b b e r s p r i n g( S e e F i g 7 ) 4 4 Thi r d St a g e I n t h e t hi r d s t a ge,t h e c y l i nd e r m u s t r e t ur n + 3 0 mm t o t he r i g ht a nd t he n s t o p t o t h e o r i gi n a l p o i n t( f i r s t s t a g e ) ( S e e F i g 8 ) 4 5 Fi n a l S t a g e 0nc e t h e h or i z o nt a l c yl i nd e r h a s r e t ur n e d t o t h e o r i g i n a l p o i n t( Fi r s t S t a g e )a n d t h e p r o g r a m ha s s hu t o f f a l l t he v a l v e s o f t h e ho r i z on t a l c y l i n de r 3 j l s I I I II II 囂Q Q I I 維普資訊 http:/ 3 8 4 Al e j a n d r o B o r d a ( 博爾達 ) , WANG Xu y o n g( _ 旭永 ) a n d t h e n t he v e r t i c a l c y l i n de r m u s t s t a r t wor ki ng I n t hi s c a s e,t he v e r t i c a l c y l i nd e r u s e s t he ve r t i c a l d i s p l a c e me n t s e n s o r t o ma k e t h e c y l i n d e r r e t u r n t he o r i g i na l p o i nt of wo r k,bu t a t t h e b e g i nni ng b e c a us e we n e e d t o c o nt r o l t he f o r c e a p pl i e d t o t h e s pr i ng r u bb e r we ha v e t o us e t he f o r c e s e ns o r t o do t h i s ( S e e Fi g 9 ) F i g 5 B e g i n n i n g s t a g e o f t h e v e r t i c a l c y l i n d e r F i g 6 Fi r s t s t a g e o f t h e h o r i z o n t a l c y l i n d e r F i g 7 S e c o n d s t a g e o f t h e h o r i z o n t a l c y l i n d e r 鐾; 荔 黔器器 筘f罄囂 i 囂馨i 囂 鍪謄 羹 靛 囂爹霧 黎 譬黲 囂 羹 器蓼妻 暨 謄 斡* 囂 b i 蒸 # 摹鞋* 蘚 磐 # ; 謄 # 象 莨 垂 擎 靛 羹 羹黔 lg 鞋 器謄 辯 E ; 維普資訊 http:/ ! 旦 翌 u l i ! n t ! l 1U s i n g L a b V I E W f o r a S y n t h e t i c R u b b e r 3 8 5 F i g 8 Th i r d s t a g e o f t h e h o r i z o n t a l c y l i n d e r 11 1 2 1 l噩 甲 田 : 施 一 鞲 斑 一 軍 審 i 茁 盆 匾 l Fi g 9 Fi n a l s t a g e o f t h e v e r t i c a l c y l i n d e r Th e s t a c k e d s e q ue n c e s t r uc t ur e ha s ma n y f r a me s i n o r de r t o ma ke r un a s e qu e n c e we u s e 1 0 s e qu e n c e du r i ng t hi s p r og r a m f r o m 0 t o 9;i n t h i s r e p or t we on l y s ho w t he p r i nc i pa l s t a g e s,f o r t he i n t e r n me d i a s t a ge s a r e m a i nl y t o c on t r ol t h e o f f o f t h e v a l v e s o f t h e l a s t s t a g e Thi s i S be c a u s e t he v a l v e s t ha t we a r e us i ng a r e o n of f v a l v e s a nd t he r e t a i n me m o r y o f t h e l a s t p r oc e s s, S O we m u s t c a r e f u l whe n we pr o gr a mm i ng b y us i ng t h e s t a c k e d s e q ue n c e s t r uc t u r e Fo r e xa mpl e,y o u c a n s e e Fi g 1 0。t h i s s ho w t he l a s t s t a ge 9 whi c h i S wh e n t he v e r t i c a l c y l i n de r s t op s a t t h e i ni t i a l p oi nt 蟹 I 甲 二 二 二 =二 二 二 = 耄 二 二 二二二二二=二二 蕊疆 I 自日 篷 參 : = _ 二 = = 豁_ _ 二 = 二 一l l| l : : 二 : : : Fi g 1 0 L a s t f r a me o f t h e v e r t i c a l c y l i n d e r The s i gn a l s a c q ui r e d f r o m t he ho r i z o nt al d i s pl ac e me nt s e n s o r a nd t he h or i z o nt a l f o r c e s e n s o r a r e u s e d t o p l o t a c u r ve of t he e l a s t i c i t y o f t h e r ub b e r s p r i ng us i ng,du r i ng t hi s t e s t we c a n me a s ur e t h e K c o n s t a n t o f t he r u bb e r s p r i ngThi s a l l ow U S t o kno w t h e l i f e c y c l e a n d a l s o t h e c o nd i t i o n o f t h i s r ub be r s p r i ng,t o h a v e a c l e a r i d e a o f t h i s p r oc e s s we c a n s e e Fi g1 1,a s y o u s e e,F i s t he h or i z o nt a l f o r c e s i g n a l( k N)a n d t h e S h o r i z o n t a l d i s p l a c e me n t s i g n a l( mm ) ,F1 a n d F2 a r e t h e f i n a l f o r c e s a c q ui r e d du r i ng t h e e nd o f t h e me a s ur e m e nt o f t h e f i r s t a nd s e c o n d s t a ge Th e f i na l p l o t i n t h e p r o gr a m c a n t e l l US t he s t a t us o f t h e mul t i l a y e r r ub be r s p r i ng wh i c h y o u c a n s e e i n Fi g1 2 Py A 【, F i r s t s t a g e 。 : 、 r i j : I F i g 1 1 Da t a p r o c e s s i n g o f t h e r u b b e r s p r i n g d u r i n g t h e t e s t 一3 弓 : - 3 0 2 0 1 9 , 二 廠 1 0 2 0 3 0: m i l l Fi g 1 2 F i n a l p l o t o f t h e r u b b e r e l a s t i c i t y c u r v e u s i n g t h e p r o g r a m d a t a 維普資訊 http:/ 3 8 6 Al e i a d r o B o r d a ( 博 爾達 ) , WANG Xu y o n g( 旭 永) 5 Co nc l us i o n La b VI EW i s u s e d t o pr o gr a m t he c o nt r o l o f t he c y l i n de r Thi s i s a n e a s y a nd r e l i a bl e s o f t wa r e a nd wi t ho ut us i ng c o di ng pr o gr a mmi ng t o do t h i s The o nl y i s s ue t ha t we m u s t t a k e c a r e i s t o h a v e t h e l i b r a r i e s f o r t h e a c q u i s i t i o n c a r d t h a t we a r e g o i ng t o u s e i f t h e s e a r e no t NI c o nt r o l c a r ds The d e v e l o pme n t o f t hi s ma c h i ne h e l ps us t o ma ke pr e v e nt i n g ma i n t e n a nc e The e l e me nt s o f c o nt r o l a r e n o t di f f i c ul t t o a c q ui r e b ut t h e s o f t war e c ou l d be a di f f i c ul t s t e p t o d o i tb ut us i ng La b VI EW t h i s s t e p i s a s i mp l e o n e On e o f t h e a d v a n t a ge s o f La b VI EW i s t ha t t he un de r g o i ng wor k c a n be s e e n i n a vi s u a l wa y s o t hi s he l ps us t o s e e a nd c or r e c t a ny mi s t a ke i n t h e pr o gr a m wi t ho ut d e bu g g i n g t h e ma i n c o d e wh e n we u s e Vi s u a l C+ + o r a no t h e r p r og r a m mi n g l a ng ua g e Re f e r e n c e s 1 2 3 4 E s s i c k J Ad v a n c e d L a b VI E w M NY, US A; Pr e nt i nc e Ha l 1 1 99 9 Bi t t e r R, M o h i u d d i n T, Na wr o c k i M La b VI EW : Ad v a n c e d p r o g r a mmi n g t e c h n i q u e s I- M 2 n d e d B o c a Rat o n: CRS Pr es s, 2 001 W a n g Xi o n g b i n g, W a n g Xu y o n gXi e W e n h u a De v e l o p me n t o f a r u b b e r s p r i n g s y n t h e t i c t e s t b e d f J El e c t r i c a l Lo c o mo t i v e s Ma s s Tr a n s i t Ve h i c l e s , 2 0 0 3 , 2 6 ( 6 ) : 4 1 4 3 W a n g Xi o n g b i n g, W a n g Xu y o n g Te s t a n d d a t a a n a l y s i s o n r u b b e r s p r i n g J E l e c t r i c a l L o c o mo t i v e s M a s s Tr a n s i t Ve h i c l e s , 2 0 0 3 , 2 6 ( 4 ) : 5 6 5 9 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ( Co n t i n u e d f r o m p a g e 3 8 0) Re f e r e n c e s 1 L i u c R,Mi t t a l S S i n g l e s t e p s u p e r f i n i s h h a r d ma 2 3 4 I- 5 c h i n i n g : F e a s i b i l i t y a n d f e a s i b l e c u t t i n g c o n d i t i o n J Ro b o t i c s Co mp u t e I n t e g r a t e d M a n u f a c t u r i n g,1 9 9 5 ,1 2 ( 1 ) :1 5 2 7 T6 n s h o f f H K ,Ar e n d t C, Amo r R B C ut t i n g o f h a r d e n e d s t e e l J An n a l s o ft h e C I R P, 2 0 0 0 , 4 9 ( 2 ) ; 5 47 56 6 Li u C R M i t t a l SSi n gl e s t e p s upe r f i n i s h us i n g ha r d ma c h i n i n g r e s u l t i n g i n s u p e r i o r s u r f a c e i n t e g r i t y J J Ma n u f a c t u r i n g S y s t ,1 9 9 5 ,1 4 ( 2 ) : 1 2 4 1 3 3 Re c h J ,Mo i s a n A S u r f a c e i n t e g r i t y i n f i n i s h h a r d t u r n i n g o f c a s e h a r d e n e d s t e e l s J I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n
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圓柱螺旋彈簧測力分選機結構設計
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