小型轎車(chē)鼓式制動(dòng)器設(shè)計(jì)與運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真設(shè)計(jì)【三維UG】【含8張cad圖紙+文檔全套資料】
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理工科類本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告論文(設(shè)計(jì))題目小型轎車(chē)鼓式制動(dòng)器設(shè)計(jì)與運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真作者所在系別機(jī)電工程學(xué)院作者所在專業(yè)車(chē)輛工程作者所在班級(jí)B13142作 者 姓 名喬坤作 者 學(xué) 號(hào)201322392指導(dǎo)教師姓名焦運(yùn)景指導(dǎo)教師職稱副教授完 成 時(shí) 間2017年3月北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院教務(wù)處制說(shuō) 明1根據(jù)學(xué)校畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)工作暫行規(guī)定,學(xué)生必須撰寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告。開(kāi)題報(bào)告作為畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)答辯委員會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。2開(kāi)題報(bào)告應(yīng)在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下,由學(xué)生在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)工作前期內(nèi)完成,經(jīng)指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見(jiàn)及所在專業(yè)教研室論證審查后生效。開(kāi)題報(bào)告不合格者需重做。3畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是,逐條認(rèn)真填寫(xiě)。其中的文字表達(dá)要明確、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),語(yǔ)言通順,外來(lái)語(yǔ)要同時(shí)用原文和中文表達(dá)。第一次出現(xiàn)縮寫(xiě)詞,須注出全稱。4開(kāi)題報(bào)告中除最后一頁(yè)外均由學(xué)生填寫(xiě),填寫(xiě)各欄目時(shí)可根據(jù)內(nèi)容另加附頁(yè)。5閱讀的主要參考文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)在10篇以上(土建類專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)篇數(shù)可酌減),其中外文資料應(yīng)占一定比例。本學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)和專業(yè)課教材一般不應(yīng)列為參考資料。6參考文獻(xiàn)的書(shū)寫(xiě)應(yīng)遵循畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)撰寫(xiě)規(guī)范要求。7開(kāi)題報(bào)告應(yīng)與文獻(xiàn)綜述、一篇外文譯文和外文原文復(fù)印件同時(shí)提交,文獻(xiàn)綜述的撰寫(xiě)格式按畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)撰寫(xiě)規(guī)范的要求,字?jǐn)?shù)在2000字左右。6畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)開(kāi)題報(bào)告學(xué)生姓名喬坤專 業(yè)車(chē)輛工程班 級(jí)B13142指導(dǎo)教師姓名焦運(yùn)景職 稱工作單位課題來(lái)源課題性質(zhì)課題名稱小型轎車(chē)鼓式制動(dòng)器設(shè)計(jì)與運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真本設(shè)計(jì)的科學(xué)依據(jù)(科學(xué)意義和應(yīng)用前景,國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況,目前技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)等) 隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的蓬勃發(fā)展,汽車(chē)已經(jīng)成為人們?nèi)粘I钪兄匾慕煌ㄟ\(yùn)輸工具。制動(dòng)器是汽車(chē)的關(guān)鍵部件之一,其性能的好壞將直接影響汽車(chē)整車(chē)性能的優(yōu)劣,危及駕駛?cè)藛T的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全,因此,制動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)在整車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)中顯得非常重要。 鼓式制動(dòng)器作為制動(dòng)器的一種,它的設(shè)計(jì)工作也是整車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)的重要部分。鼓式制動(dòng)器主要由制動(dòng)踏板、制動(dòng)主缸、制動(dòng)輪缸、制動(dòng)鼓、制動(dòng)底板、活塞、摩擦片等組成。制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)是保證行車(chē)安全的極為重要的一個(gè)系統(tǒng),既可以使行駛中的汽車(chē)減速,又可保證停車(chē)后的汽車(chē)能駐留原地不動(dòng)。對(duì)汽車(chē)起到制動(dòng)作用的是作用在汽車(chē)上,其方向與汽車(chē)行駛方向相反的外力。作用在行駛汽車(chē)上的滾動(dòng)阻力、上坡阻力、空氣阻力都能對(duì)汽車(chē)起到制動(dòng)作用,但這些外力的大小都是隨機(jī)的、不可控制的。因此,汽車(chē)上必須裝設(shè)一系列專門(mén)裝置,以便駕駛員能根據(jù)道路和交通等情況,使外界(主要是路面)對(duì)汽車(chē)某些部分(主要是車(chē)輪)施加一定的力,對(duì)汽車(chē)進(jìn)行一定程度的強(qiáng)制制動(dòng)。這種可控制的對(duì)汽車(chē)進(jìn)行制動(dòng)的外力稱為制動(dòng)力,相應(yīng)的一系列專門(mén)的裝置即稱為制動(dòng)裝置。由此可見(jiàn),汽車(chē)制動(dòng)系對(duì)于汽車(chē)行駛的安全性,停車(chē)的可靠性和運(yùn)輸經(jīng)濟(jì)效益起著重要的保證作用。隨著高速公路的迅速發(fā)展和車(chē)速的提高以及車(chē)流密度的日益增大,汽車(chē)制動(dòng)系的工作可靠性顯得日益重要。因此,許多制動(dòng)法規(guī)對(duì)制動(dòng)系提出了許多詳細(xì)而具體的要求?,F(xiàn)在,由于復(fù)雜的工況,人們對(duì)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的要求不斷提高,于是防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)(ABS)和附著力控制系統(tǒng)(TC)迅速普及。在許多車(chē)輛上將成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備。防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)加上附著力控制成為另一個(gè)電子控制系統(tǒng),增加了現(xiàn)代汽車(chē)的復(fù)雜性。ABS具有防止制動(dòng)過(guò)程中車(chē)輪抱死,制動(dòng)時(shí)方向穩(wěn)定性好、制動(dòng)距離短、改善輪胎磨損等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。ABS的主要部件有:液壓調(diào)節(jié)器、輪速傳感器、和用于處理信號(hào)、控制及觸發(fā)信號(hào)燈和液壓調(diào)節(jié)器中執(zhí)行器的ECU。制動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)參照對(duì)車(chē)輛的要求和系統(tǒng)本身的強(qiáng)制性法規(guī)。就與車(chē)輛結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)方面而言,車(chē)輛的質(zhì)心位置和前、后橋間規(guī)定的制動(dòng)力分配,決定了在不同的路面和輪胎的附著條件下,車(chē)輪在抱死以前,所能向它施加的最大制動(dòng)力。設(shè)計(jì)好的車(chē)輪制動(dòng)器必須滿足下列要求:平滑、漸進(jìn)的響應(yīng);低污染、耐腐蝕高度可靠;耐久性設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容和預(yù)期成果(具體設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容和重點(diǎn)解決的技術(shù)問(wèn)題、預(yù)期成果和提供的形式)1熟悉鼓式制動(dòng)器的原理和構(gòu)造;2對(duì)制動(dòng)器的機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析,確定各項(xiàng)參數(shù);3設(shè)計(jì)制動(dòng)器制動(dòng)力調(diào)節(jié)裝置;4設(shè)計(jì)傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)與踏板機(jī)構(gòu);5畫(huà)出零件圖和裝配圖并進(jìn)行尺寸標(biāo)注;6繪制各零部件的三維實(shí)體圖并進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真;7閱讀文獻(xiàn)資料,包括中英文,最后翻譯一篇英文資料。擬采取設(shè)計(jì)方法和技術(shù)支持(設(shè)計(jì)方案、技術(shù)要求、實(shí)驗(yàn)方法和步驟、可能遇到的問(wèn)題和解決辦法等)文獻(xiàn)法;實(shí)驗(yàn)法; 行動(dòng)法1、對(duì)鼓式制動(dòng)器的型式進(jìn)行選擇;2、根據(jù)整車(chē)參數(shù),初步設(shè)計(jì)制動(dòng)器各參數(shù)的具體數(shù)值,計(jì)算制動(dòng)距離與國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行比較合格與否,若不合格則改變參數(shù);3、制動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算;4、制動(dòng)蹄摩擦面的壓力分布規(guī)律及徑向變形規(guī)律;5、制動(dòng)蹄片上的制動(dòng)力矩6、制動(dòng)器因數(shù)的分析計(jì)算;7、摩擦襯片的摩損特性計(jì)算;8、制動(dòng)器熱容量和溫升的核算;9、制動(dòng)器主要零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與強(qiáng)度計(jì)算;10、制動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)型式選擇與設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算;11、制動(dòng)力分配的調(diào)節(jié)裝置;實(shí)現(xiàn)本項(xiàng)目預(yù)期目標(biāo)和已具備的條件(包括過(guò)去學(xué)習(xí)、研究工作基礎(chǔ),現(xiàn)有主要儀器設(shè)備、設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境及協(xié)作條件等)本次設(shè)計(jì)的工作重點(diǎn)是制動(dòng)鼓、制動(dòng)底板、制動(dòng)輪缸等主要部件的設(shè)計(jì)。工作量為設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū),工程圖紙一張A0號(hào)圖紙,若干張零件圖;確定仿真模擬方案,再用UG-NX8.5進(jìn)行仿真模擬!最終能熟練應(yīng)用三維繪圖軟件繪制實(shí)體圖并可以運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真,完成零部件二維圖的繪制及尺寸標(biāo)注。各環(huán)節(jié)擬定階段性工作進(jìn)度(以周為單位)第1-2周; 了解,資料收集,完成開(kāi)題報(bào)告。第3-5周: 分析收集到的資料,提出最優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)方案,進(jìn)行相關(guān)計(jì)算。加緊學(xué)習(xí)UG NX8.0 積累初步仿真模擬理論實(shí)踐知識(shí)。第6-8周: 繪制制動(dòng)器總裝配圖及零部件圖的草圖。確立基本仿真模擬方案,用UG做出初步模型。第9-12周: 繪制制動(dòng)器的總裝配圖及零件圖,撰寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)。完善并確定仿真模擬。第13-15周: 完成設(shè)計(jì),提交指導(dǎo)老師審核修改。第16周: 提交系里評(píng)閱并修改,準(zhǔn)備答辯。第17周: 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)答辯。開(kāi) 題 報(bào) 告 審 定 紀(jì) 要時(shí) 間地點(diǎn)主持人參會(huì)教師姓 名職 務(wù)(職 稱)姓 名職 務(wù)(職 稱)論證情況摘要 記錄人:指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)指導(dǎo)教師簽名: 年 月 日教研室意見(jiàn)教研室主任簽名: 年 月 日 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)文獻(xiàn)綜述設(shè)計(jì) (論文)題目小型轎車(chē)鼓式制動(dòng)器設(shè)計(jì)與運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真作者所在系別機(jī)電工程學(xué)院作者所在專業(yè)車(chē)輛工程作者所在班級(jí)B13142作 者 姓 名喬坤作 者 學(xué) 號(hào)201322392指導(dǎo)教師姓名焦運(yùn)景指導(dǎo)教師職稱副教授完 成 時(shí) 間2017年3月北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院教務(wù)處制說(shuō) 明1根據(jù)學(xué)校畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)工作暫行規(guī)定,學(xué)生必須撰寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)文獻(xiàn)綜述。文獻(xiàn)綜述作為畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)答辯委員會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。2文獻(xiàn)綜述應(yīng)在指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)下,由學(xué)生在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)工作前期內(nèi)完成,由指導(dǎo)教師簽署意見(jiàn)并經(jīng)所在專業(yè)教研室審查。3文獻(xiàn)綜述各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是,文字表達(dá)要明確、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),語(yǔ)言通順,外來(lái)語(yǔ)要同時(shí)用原文和中文表達(dá)。第一次出現(xiàn)縮寫(xiě)詞,須注出全稱。4學(xué)生撰寫(xiě)文獻(xiàn)綜述,閱讀的主要參考文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)在10篇以上(土建類專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)篇數(shù)可酌減),其中外文資料應(yīng)占一定比例。本學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)和專業(yè)課教材一般不應(yīng)列為參考資料。5文獻(xiàn)綜述的撰寫(xiě)格式按畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)撰寫(xiě)規(guī)范的要求,字?jǐn)?shù)在2000字左右。文獻(xiàn)綜述應(yīng)與開(kāi)題報(bào)告同時(shí)提交。 小型轎車(chē)鼓式制動(dòng)器設(shè)計(jì)與運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真摘要: 近年來(lái)我國(guó)汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)迅速發(fā)展,特別是轎車(chē)汽車(chē)發(fā)展的方向。然而隨著汽車(chē)保有量的增加,帶來(lái)的安全問(wèn)題也越來(lái)越引起人們的注意,而制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)則是汽車(chē)主動(dòng)安全的重要系統(tǒng)之一。本設(shè)計(jì)就領(lǐng)從蹄式鼓式制動(dòng)器進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算,并根據(jù)UG三維軟件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)裝配及仿真。文中主要介紹了轎車(chē)后輪鼓式制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。首先介紹了汽車(chē)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展、結(jié)構(gòu)、分類,并對(duì)鼓式制動(dòng)器和盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器的結(jié)構(gòu)及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析。設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算確定前盤(pán)、后鼓式制動(dòng)器、制動(dòng)主缸的主要尺寸和結(jié)構(gòu)形式。繪制出了后制動(dòng)器裝配圖、制動(dòng)鼓零件圖以及制動(dòng)蹄零件圖。最終對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)出的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)分析。另外在設(shè)計(jì)的同時(shí)考慮了其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、工作可靠、成本低等因素。通過(guò)本次設(shè)計(jì)的計(jì)算結(jié)果表明設(shè)計(jì)出的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)是合理的、符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。其滿足結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、成本低、工作可靠等要求。關(guān)鍵字:UG軟件;仿真;制動(dòng);鼓式制動(dòng)器課題研究的作用: 當(dāng)前,汽車(chē)工業(yè)成為中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,汽車(chē)企業(yè)對(duì)各系統(tǒng)件的設(shè)計(jì)需求旺盛。其中,制動(dòng)后期總成是汽車(chē)的一個(gè)重要組成部分,他直接影響汽車(chē)的安全性能和操控性能。本課題根據(jù)轎車(chē)的行駛要求,對(duì)其后輪制動(dòng)器進(jìn)行整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),目的在于實(shí)現(xiàn)汽車(chē)在行駛時(shí)具備良好的制動(dòng)性能與操控性能. 隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的蓬勃發(fā)展,汽車(chē)已經(jīng)成為人們?nèi)粘I钪兄匾慕煌ㄟ\(yùn)輸工具。制動(dòng)器是汽車(chē)的關(guān)鍵部件之一,其性能的好壞將直接影響汽車(chē)整車(chē)性能的優(yōu)劣,危及駕駛?cè)藛T的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全,因此,制動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)在整車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)中顯得非常重要。 鼓式制動(dòng)器作為制動(dòng)器的一種,它的設(shè)計(jì)工作也是整車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)的重要部分。鼓式制動(dòng)器主要由制動(dòng)踏板、制動(dòng)主缸、制動(dòng)輪缸、制動(dòng)鼓、制動(dòng)底板、活塞、摩擦片等組成。鼓式制動(dòng)器分為領(lǐng)從蹄式、雙領(lǐng)蹄式、雙向雙領(lǐng)蹄式、雙從蹄式、單向增力式、雙向增力式等幾種。就制動(dòng)效能而言,自增力式制動(dòng)器由于對(duì)摩擦助勢(shì)作用利用的最為充分而居首位,以下依次為雙領(lǐng)蹄式、領(lǐng)從蹄式、雙從蹄式。但是蹄鼓之間的摩擦系數(shù)本身是一個(gè)不穩(wěn)定的因素,隨著蹄片材料、溫度和表面狀況有很大變化。自增力式制動(dòng)器的效能對(duì)摩擦系數(shù)的依賴性最大,因而其制動(dòng)效能的熱穩(wěn)定性最差。一般來(lái)說(shuō),在相同的散熱條件下,制動(dòng)效能越好的制動(dòng)器,它的制動(dòng)效能熱穩(wěn)定性就越差。研究現(xiàn)狀:汽車(chē)在行駛過(guò)程中需要頻繁的進(jìn)行制動(dòng)操作,由于制動(dòng)性能的好壞直接關(guān)系到交通和人身安全,因此制動(dòng)性能是車(chē)輛非常重要的性能之一,改善汽車(chē)的制動(dòng)性能始終是汽車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)制造和使用部門(mén)的重要任務(wù)。當(dāng)車(chē)輛制動(dòng)時(shí),由于車(chē)輛受到與行駛方向相反的外力,從而使汽車(chē)的速度逐漸減小至零,對(duì)這一過(guò)程中車(chē)輛受力情況的分析有助于制動(dòng)器的分析和設(shè)計(jì),因此制動(dòng)過(guò)程受力情況分析是車(chē)輛試驗(yàn)和設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ),由于這一過(guò)程較為復(fù)雜,因此一般在實(shí)際中只能建立簡(jiǎn)化模型分析,通常人們主要從三個(gè)方面來(lái)對(duì)制動(dòng)過(guò)程進(jìn)行分析和評(píng)價(jià):a. 制動(dòng)效能:即制動(dòng)距離與制動(dòng)減速度;b. 制動(dòng)效能的恒定性:即抗熱衰退性;c. 制動(dòng)時(shí)汽車(chē)的方向穩(wěn)定性。制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)是保證行車(chē)安全的極為重要的一個(gè)系統(tǒng),既可以使行駛中的汽車(chē)減速,又可保證停車(chē)后的汽車(chē)能駐留原地不動(dòng)。對(duì)汽車(chē)起到制動(dòng)作用的是作用在汽車(chē)上,其方向與汽車(chē)行駛方向相反的外力。作用在行駛汽車(chē)上的滾動(dòng)阻力、上坡阻力、空氣阻力都能對(duì)汽車(chē)起到制動(dòng)作用,但這些外力的大小都是隨機(jī)的、不可控制的。因此,汽車(chē)上必須裝設(shè)一系列專門(mén)裝置,以便駕駛員能根據(jù)道路和交通等情況,使外界(主要是路面)對(duì)汽車(chē)某些部分(主要是車(chē)輪)施加一定的力,對(duì)汽車(chē)進(jìn)行一定程度的強(qiáng)制制動(dòng)。這種可控制的對(duì)汽車(chē)進(jìn)行制動(dòng)的外力稱為制動(dòng)力,相應(yīng)的一系列專門(mén)的裝置即稱為制動(dòng)裝置。由此可見(jiàn),汽車(chē)制動(dòng)系對(duì)于汽車(chē)行駛的安全性,停車(chē)的可靠性和運(yùn)輸經(jīng)濟(jì)效益起著重要的保證作用。隨著高速公路的迅速發(fā)展和車(chē)速的提高以及車(chē)流密度的日益增大,汽車(chē)制動(dòng)系的工作可靠性顯得日益重要。因此,許多制動(dòng)法規(guī)對(duì)制動(dòng)系提出了許多詳細(xì)而具體的要求。鼓式制動(dòng)也叫塊式制動(dòng),是靠制動(dòng)塊在制動(dòng)輪上壓緊來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)剎車(chē)的。鼓式制動(dòng)是早期設(shè)計(jì)的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng),其剎車(chē)鼓的設(shè)計(jì)1902年就已經(jīng)使用在馬車(chē)上了,直到1920年左右才開(kāi)始在汽車(chē)工業(yè)廣泛應(yīng)用?,F(xiàn)在鼓式制動(dòng)器的主流是內(nèi)張式,它的制動(dòng)塊(剎車(chē)蹄)位于制動(dòng)輪內(nèi)側(cè),在剎車(chē)的時(shí)候制動(dòng)塊向外張開(kāi),摩擦制動(dòng)輪的內(nèi)側(cè),達(dá)到剎車(chē)的目的。 相對(duì)于盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器來(lái)說(shuō),鼓式制動(dòng)器的制動(dòng)效能和散熱性都要差許多,鼓式制動(dòng)器的制動(dòng)力穩(wěn)定性差,在不同路面上制動(dòng)力變化很大,不易于掌控。而由于散熱性能差,在制動(dòng)過(guò)程中會(huì)聚集大量的熱量。制動(dòng)塊和輪鼓在高溫影響下較易發(fā)生極為復(fù)雜的變形,容易產(chǎn)生制動(dòng)衰退和振抖現(xiàn)象,引起制動(dòng)效率下降。另外,鼓式制動(dòng)器在使用一段時(shí)間后,要定期調(diào)校剎車(chē)蹄的空隙,甚至要把整個(gè)剎車(chē)鼓拆出清理累積在內(nèi)的剎車(chē)粉。當(dāng)然,鼓式制動(dòng)器也并非一無(wú)是處,它造價(jià)便宜,而且符合傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。 四輪轎車(chē)在制動(dòng)過(guò)程中,由于慣性的作用,前輪的負(fù)荷通常占汽車(chē)全部負(fù)荷的70%-80%,前輪制動(dòng)力要比后輪大,后輪起輔助制動(dòng)作用,因此轎車(chē)生產(chǎn)廠家為了節(jié)省成本,就采用前盤(pán)后鼓的制動(dòng)方式。不過(guò)對(duì)于重型車(chē)來(lái)說(shuō),由于車(chē)速一般不是很高,剎車(chē)蹄的耐用程度也比盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器高,因此許多重型車(chē)至今仍使用四輪鼓式的設(shè)計(jì)。發(fā)展趨勢(shì):現(xiàn)在,由于復(fù)雜的工況,人們對(duì)制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的要求不斷提高,于是防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)(ABS)和附著力控制系統(tǒng)(TC)迅速普及。在許多車(chē)輛上將成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備。防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)加上附著力控制成為另一個(gè)電子控制系統(tǒng),增加了現(xiàn)代汽車(chē)的復(fù)雜性。ABS具有防止制動(dòng)過(guò)程中車(chē)輪抱死,制動(dòng)時(shí)方向穩(wěn)定性好、制動(dòng)距離短、改善輪胎磨損等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。ABS的主要部件有:液壓調(diào)節(jié)器、輪速傳感器、和用于處理信號(hào)、控制及觸發(fā)信號(hào)燈和液壓調(diào)節(jié)器中執(zhí)行器的ECU。制動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)參照對(duì)車(chē)輛的要求和系統(tǒng)本身的強(qiáng)制性法規(guī)。就與車(chē)輛結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)方面而言,車(chē)輛的質(zhì)心位置和前、后橋間規(guī)定的制動(dòng)力分配,決定了在不同的路面和輪胎的附著條件下,車(chē)輪在抱死以前,所能向它施加的最大制動(dòng)力。本文綜述了制動(dòng)器的結(jié)構(gòu)功能分類以及國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展歷史概況以及未來(lái)的前景。制動(dòng)器是汽車(chē)的關(guān)鍵部件之一,其性能的好壞將直接影響汽車(chē)整車(chē)性能的優(yōu)劣,影響駕駛?cè)藛T的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全,因此,制動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)在整車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)中顯得非常重要。 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The Study of the Parameterization of the Drum Brake Design Based on UG Liu Hongpu,Peng Erbao畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)(論 文)文 獻(xiàn) 綜 述指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn) 指導(dǎo)教師: 年 月 日專業(yè)教研室審查意見(jiàn) 負(fù)責(zé)人: 年 月 日6密 級(jí)分類號(hào)編 號(hào)成 績(jī)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文)外 文 翻 譯原 文 標(biāo) 題The Study of the Parameterization of the Drum Brake Design Based onUG譯 文 標(biāo) 題基于UG研究鼓式制動(dòng)器設(shè)計(jì)的參數(shù)化作者所在系別機(jī)電工程學(xué)院作者所在專業(yè)車(chē)輛工程作者所在班級(jí)B13142作 者 姓 名喬坤作 者 學(xué) 號(hào)201322392指導(dǎo)教師姓名焦運(yùn)景指導(dǎo)教師職稱副教授完 成 時(shí) 間2017年3月北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院教務(wù)處制譯文標(biāo)題基于研究UG鼓式制動(dòng)器設(shè)計(jì)的參數(shù)化原文標(biāo)題The Study of the Parameterization of the Drum Brake Design Based on UG作 者Liu Hongpu譯 名劉宏埔國(guó) 籍中國(guó)原文出處Mechanical Engineering,Henan Polytechnic Institute,Henan473009, China鼓式制動(dòng)器設(shè)計(jì)的參數(shù)化研究基于UGLiu Hongpu,Peng Erbao機(jī)械工程,河南理工大學(xué),Henan473009,中國(guó)摘要本文運(yùn)用UG軟件的設(shè)計(jì)和研究上的制動(dòng)器的類型參數(shù)。論基礎(chǔ)離散化的原則,離散對(duì)制動(dòng)鼓的結(jié)構(gòu)圖案。選取的典型特征制動(dòng)器總成的三維參數(shù)化建模工作的各個(gè)部分,以構(gòu)建一個(gè)模型來(lái)參數(shù)庫(kù)調(diào)用。2011下的南的責(zé)任由發(fā)布Elsevier公司的選擇和/或同行審查關(guān)鍵詞:剎車(chē); UG,參數(shù)化,離散化;研究制動(dòng)器是汽車(chē)行業(yè)的關(guān)鍵部件。隨著社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高對(duì)制動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)汽車(chē)提出了更為嚴(yán)格的要求。不僅要滿足制動(dòng)的基本性能要求,還要滿足環(huán)境保護(hù)的嚴(yán)格要求。本文主要研究在制動(dòng)鼓上的參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)。1,制動(dòng)離散隨著參數(shù)的變化,在模板特點(diǎn)下可能出現(xiàn)的變化情況: 一)特征維護(hù)不變,只有通過(guò)受電弓的大小重現(xiàn);二)結(jié)構(gòu)特征性改變。上述兩種變化情況,在實(shí)際操作中,因?yàn)檫x擇使用模擬目標(biāo)不同大小,所以模板必須設(shè)計(jì)的不是很大,因此,主要有第一類的情況下,在特性保修范圍的大小變化。當(dāng)參數(shù)變化是相當(dāng)大時(shí),是第二種情況,申請(qǐng)建立模板必須全面描述模型。當(dāng)然,如果一個(gè)模板更接近模型,它必須手動(dòng)增加的特點(diǎn)就會(huì)減少,但這種模板所具有的代表性和典型性相對(duì)差一些;模板與待建模型之間有一定的差距,需要手動(dòng)增加的特性是多方面的,但其代表性和典型性都好一些。這是一對(duì)相互矛盾的,在該構(gòu)建體中應(yīng)該找一個(gè)比較好的平衡點(diǎn),這樣既可以建立代表 模板,并加快零部件的設(shè)計(jì)速度。 然后根據(jù)一定的分離規(guī)則,分離各型號(hào)相應(yīng)的剎車(chē)零部件,從這些部件中撤銷典型的特征,形成模板參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)要求。需要遵守的規(guī)則有:1.1 近似元提取相同的特征。1.2 單獨(dú)特有的部分進(jìn)行特征提取。1.3 進(jìn)行特征提取時(shí),應(yīng)盡可能撤銷相似的特征。1.4 特征提取,考慮其實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性。鼓式制動(dòng)器離散化之后,組件如下:* 摩擦盤(pán)(大約兩片);* 剎車(chē)蹄片(型);* Sells on consignment;* 制動(dòng)輪缸主體(類型);* 活塞(類型);* 皮碗(類型);* 制動(dòng)鼓(型);* 制動(dòng)底板(型);* 變動(dòng)的支承桿(類型);* 彈簧(類型);* 附件(襯套防塵套,活塞防塵套,泄氣螺栓螺母,進(jìn)油口防護(hù)罩,密封圈,螺栓防松橡皮筋保護(hù),分離主缸離開(kāi)油密密封環(huán)及各種彈簧等)上述名單后僅是離散的組件統(tǒng)一名稱,具體的就下命名,有許多種特性不同的組件,這個(gè)請(qǐng)求分別建立模板,以滿足下缸體名需求攻方設(shè)計(jì),例如,具有至少5個(gè)各種不同類型的氣缸體,因此,必須單獨(dú)建立的模板。雖然提取合理的制動(dòng)帶模板的一定的周期,而且還建立了許多特殊的特性組件模板,所以說(shuō)從本質(zhì)上來(lái)說(shuō),它是基于每個(gè)組件離散。選擇模板離散元件后,并按照要求的尺寸制作新組件模型,再組裝制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)每個(gè)組件為參數(shù)化,參數(shù)的整數(shù)必須嚴(yán)格控制,必須盡可能的使用盡可能少的參數(shù)來(lái)描述整個(gè)組件。當(dāng)然,這里參數(shù)是指可以改變大小的,部件大多數(shù)尺寸需要使用這些成為可能,以改變驅(qū)動(dòng)的大?。醋兓癁樽宰兞?,寫(xiě)的是尺寸驅(qū)動(dòng)函數(shù)形式),也就是引起了眾多大小來(lái)進(jìn)行連接,使整體聯(lián)動(dòng),完成參數(shù)化建模工作。2. 制動(dòng)參數(shù)本設(shè)計(jì)采用基于特征的參數(shù)化建模方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了汽車(chē)制動(dòng)零部件快速設(shè)計(jì)和自動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)。因此,需要明確以下一些具有特征的相關(guān)概念。2.1.特征定義特征是高層次的抽象描述,設(shè)計(jì)師描述設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)象的功能,形狀,結(jié)構(gòu),制造,裝配,檢測(cè),管理和使用信息,并具有準(zhǔn)確的項(xiàng)目的含義等的關(guān)系。特征模型用邏輯的相互依存,相互進(jìn)行描述和表達(dá)的影響語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特性實(shí)例和關(guān)系。與低層次的幾何形狀比較元件表面,側(cè)面,所表達(dá)的幾何實(shí)體的方法所不同的是:該特性模型表達(dá)了高水平的具有功能意義的實(shí)體,如孔,槽等,其操作對(duì)象不是原始的幾何元素,但為該產(chǎn)品的功能要素,在產(chǎn)品技術(shù)信息和管理信息,體現(xiàn)了設(shè)計(jì)者的意圖。2.2.特征分類特點(diǎn)是產(chǎn)品描述信息集。不同的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域和不同的對(duì)象,特征抽象和分類方法是不同的。通過(guò)分析機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的大量零部件藍(lán)圖信息和加工工藝信息,可構(gòu)成成分特征劃分為五個(gè)大類: 經(jīng)營(yíng)特色:隨著組件管理相關(guān)通信集合,包括標(biāo)題欄信息(例如組件名稱,圖表或插圖編號(hào),設(shè)計(jì)者,設(shè)計(jì)日期等),各組分的材料,并沒(méi)有傾倒的信息,如粗糙度等。 技術(shù)特點(diǎn):描述組件的性能和規(guī)格通信集合。 材料熱處理特點(diǎn):與元件材料及熱處理通信集合,像材料的性能,熱處理方式,硬度值的程度等有關(guān)。 精密特性:描述元件的形狀,大小許可量變化通信集合,包括公差(尺寸公差和形狀位置公差)和表面粗糙度。 形態(tài)特征:通信集合這都與描述元件的形狀,大小,包括函數(shù)的形狀,加工工藝造型,裝配輔助形狀有關(guān)。 組裝特性:組件相關(guān)的方向,相互活性表面和協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系。在上述特征中,形狀特征是描述元件或產(chǎn)品最重要的特征。其可分離主要特征和輔助特征,前者是用來(lái)描述結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)象的基本幾何形狀,后者是其中進(jìn)行表達(dá)的對(duì)象部分的形狀特征。2.3.特征關(guān)系 為了描述中的特征之間的關(guān)系,可應(yīng)用于特征類,特征實(shí)例的概念。特征類是關(guān)于類型特征的描述,是所有相同的信息特征的總結(jié)。該典型例子是具體特征后,特征屬性的評(píng)價(jià),特征是類的成員。其中特性類和典型例子有如下關(guān)系: 繼承涉及的特征之一。構(gòu)成層次關(guān)系,這是位于水平更高權(quán)限被稱為超類特性,位于水平較低的水平上被稱為亞組的特性。該子組特征可以繼承的超類特征的屬性和方法的,這種繼承關(guān)系被稱為關(guān)系。另一種繼承關(guān)系的特征是類和這種特性的例子,這種關(guān)系被稱為關(guān)系之間的關(guān)系。例如,一些具體的圓柱是一個(gè)例子,圓柱特征類,它們之間反映的關(guān)系。 相鄰關(guān)系。反映了形狀特征之間的相互位置關(guān)系,與CONT表示。間的構(gòu)成鄰接關(guān)系形狀特征鄰接條件可以共享。有關(guān)例如,階梯軸,每相鄰的兩個(gè)軸部的之間的關(guān)系是毗連關(guān)系,其中每個(gè)相鄰表面條件可以共享。 從屬關(guān)系是關(guān)于形狀特征符合,或者連接的關(guān)系的描述,表明與 輔助。下屬形狀特征依賴于形狀特征是服從是存在的,就像是附著在圓柱斜邊。 引用關(guān)系:特征描述類作為連接屬性,它的相互引用,表示與重組。引用關(guān)系主要存在于引用的形狀特征的精確特性,該材料特性。2.4.特征建?;谔卣鞯拿枋霎a(chǎn)品的特性所作為建模的基本元素稱為建模技術(shù)的方法。特征建??赡苷T發(fā)大約分為三個(gè)種類的互動(dòng)特性定義,識(shí)別和設(shè)計(jì)基于特征的圖案?;?dòng)特性的定義。使用現(xiàn)有的幾何造型系統(tǒng)建立產(chǎn)品的幾何模型,用戶在圖形交互計(jì)劃流程定義特征的幾何要素,并添加信息,例如特性參數(shù)或精度,規(guī)格,材料熱處理等,以幾何模型為屬性。這種建模方法的自動(dòng)化程度低,產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)共享也是難實(shí)現(xiàn)的,在信息處理過(guò)程中很容易出現(xiàn)人為錯(cuò)誤。 特征識(shí)別。它定義預(yù)先特性進(jìn)行了比較幾何模型,確定特征的具體類型和其他信息。通常它是由通過(guò)以下步驟:(1)在搜索產(chǎn)品的幾何形狀的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)相匹配地形特征的幾何模型;(2)從其自己區(qū)分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)撤回特征信息為:(3)定特性參數(shù)為:(4)完成對(duì)特征幾何模型為:(5)結(jié)合了簡(jiǎn)單的特點(diǎn),以成為新的特點(diǎn)。 基于特征的設(shè)計(jì)。用戶直接定義了組件的幾何實(shí)體的特性,不久之后在特征庫(kù)預(yù)先定義特征實(shí)例化,例如取特征為基本單元建立特征模型,從而完成產(chǎn)品的定義和設(shè)計(jì)。 AbstractThis text apply UG software to the design and study on the type parameter of the brakes. On the basis of the principles of discretization, discretize the structural pattern of the brake drum. select the typical characteristic of the brake assemblies and the individual parts of the 3d parameterization modeling work, to build a model for parameterization library calls. 20122011Publishedby ElsevierbyElsevierLtd. SelectionLtd.Selectiand/onr peerand/or-reviewpeerunder-reviresponsibilitywunderresponsibilityofHainanUniversityofname. organizer Keywords: the brakes; ug; parameterization; discretization; researchThe brake is the key components of the car industry. with the rapid development and people living standards improve in the design of the brake the car raised a more stringent requirements. not only to satisfy the brake the basic properties are required, to satisfy the stringent requirements of the environmental protection. this article mainly study on the brake drum the parameterization design. 1.The Brake Discretization With the parameter change, the change situation which in the template characteristic possibly appears: a) the characteristic maintenance is invariable, is only the size reproduce by pantograph; b) the structure characteristic changes. Above two kind of change situation, in actual operation, because selects the template with the simulated target size difference which must design is not very big, therefore mainly has the first kind of situation, the size changes in the characteristic maintenance scope. when the parameter change quite is fierce , is the second kind of situation, this request establishment template must describe the model comprehensively. Certainly, if a template closer model, the characteristic which must increase manually are less, but this template has representative and typical nature bad somewhat; The template with awaits construction the model to have certain disparity, needs to increase manually the characteristic are many, but its representation and typical nature are good somewhat. This is a pair of contradictory, in the construct of the template should find a quite good balance point, like this can both establish the representative template, and speeds up the spare part the design speed.Then according to certain separate rule, is separated each model brake the corresponding spare part, withdraws the typical characteristic from these spare parts, forms the template that the parameterization design request.The deference separate rule is:1.1.Approximate components extraction same characteristic. 1.2.Peculiar part alone carries on the characteristic extraction. 1.3.Carries on the characteristic extraction, should withdraw the similar characteristic as far as possible. 1.4.Characteristic extraction, considers its realization the possibility.After the drum brake discretization, components is as follows:Friction disk (about two pieces); Bbrake shoe ( type);Sells on consignment The cylinder body ( type) Piston ( type); Leather cup (type); Brake drum ( type); Brake shield plate (type); Fluctuates the supporting pole (type); Spring (type); The appendix (bushing dirt-proof boot, piston dirt-proof boot, deflates bolt nut, oil inlet safety After above lists only is the discretization the components unification name, regarding under a specific name, there are many kind of characteristic different components, this request separately establishes the template, to satisfy the demand about the design, for instance under the cylinder body name, has at least 5 kind of different type cylinder bodies, therefore must establish the template separately. Although extracted certain cycle of songss brake to take the template, but has also established many special characteristic components template, therefore said from essentially, its based on each components discretization.After the choice discretization template components, and defer to the request the size to produce the new components model, again assembles the brake system.When each components is parameterized, the parameter integer must control strictly, must use as far as possible few parameters to describe the entire components. Size which certainly here parameter refers to the size which is may change, the components majority of sizes needs to use which these to be possible mask, seal packing collar, bolt guards against loose rubber band, separates master cylinder to leave oil tight sealing ring and each kind of spring and so on)to change the size actuation (i.e. changes is independent variable, writes is actuated size function form), also is causes the multitudinous sizes to be connected, causes the overall linkage, completes the parameterization modeling work.2.Brake Parameterization This design uses the method based on the characteristic parameterization modeling, realizes the automobile brake spare part fast design and the automatic design. Therefore needs to make clear following several with the characteristic correlation concept.2.1.Characteristic definition Characteristic is high level abstract description that the designer describe the design object the function, the shape, the structure, the manufacture, the assembly, the examination, the management and the use information and the relations which has the accurate project meaning and so on. The characteristic model use logic in the interdependence, mutually carries on the description and the expression for the influence semantic network to the characteristic instance and the relations. compare with the low level geometry element surface, side, expressed the geometry entity method the difference is: The characteristic model expresses the high level to have the function significance entity, like the hole, the trough and so on, its operation object is not the primitive geometry element, but is the product function essential factor, the product technical information and the management information, manifests designers intention.2.2.Characteristic classification Characteristic is the product description information set. The different application domain and the different object, the characteristic abstract and the classified method is different. Through analyzing mechanical product massive components blueprint information and the processing craft information, may constitute the components characteristic to divide into five big kinds: Management characteristic: With the components management related communications ensemble, including the title block information (for example components name, chart or illustration number, designer, design date and so on), the components material, has not poured information such as roughness and so on. Technical characteristic: Description components performance and specification communications ensemble. Material heat treatment characteristic: associated with components material and heat treatment communications ensemble, like material performance, heat treatment way, degree of hardness value and so on. Precision characteristic: Description components shape, size permission amount of variation communications ensemble, including common difference (size common difference and shape position common difference) and surface roughness. Shape characteristic: The communications ensemble which are related to description components shape, size, including function shape, processing craft shape, assembly auxiliary shape. Assembles characteristic: Components correlation direction, mutual active surface and coordinate relations. In the characteristic above, the shape characteristic is most important characteristic that describes the components or the product. Its separable primarily characteristic and the auxiliary characteristic, the former is used to describe the structure object basic geometry shape, the latter is the characteristic which carries on the expression to the object partial shape2.3.Characteristic relationIn order to describe the relation among characteristic, may apply the concept of characteristic class, the characteristic example. The characteristic class is the description about the characteristic type, is summary of all same information characteristic. The characteristic example is specific characteristic after thecharacteristic attribute evaluation, is the member of characteristic class. Among the characteristic class, the characteristic example, the characteristic class and the characteristic example has relation as follows: Inherits relates .Constituted level relation among the characteristic, which is located the level higher authority to be called the ultra kind of characteristic, is located the level lower level to be called the subgroup characteristic. The subgroup characteristic may inherit the ultra kind of characteristic the attribute and the method, this kind of inheritance relation is called the relation. Another kind of inheritance relation is the relation between characteristic class and this kind of characteristic example, this kind of relation is called the relation. For example, some concrete circular cylinder is a example that circular cylinder characteristic class, among themselves has reflected the relation.Adjacent relation. Reflected the mutual position relations among the shape characteristic, indicated with CONT. Among the constitution adjacency relation shape characteristic adjacency condition may share.For example, a steps and ladders axis, between each neighboring two axis sections relations are the syntopy, in which each adjacency surface condition may share. Hypotaxis.the description about shape characteristic compliance or the attached relations, indicated with IST. The subordinate shape characteristic relies on in the shape characteristic which is subordinated is existed, like bevel edge attached in circular cylinder. Quote relation. describing characteristic class as the connection attribute which the quotes mutually, indicated with RE. The quotation relation mainly exists in the quotation that the shape characteristic to the precision characteristic, the material characteristic.2.4.Characteristic modeling The method that describing product by characteristic as the modeling fundamental element is called modeling technology based on the characteristic. The characteristic modeling may induce approximately into three kind of patterns that the interactive characteristic definition, the trick recognition and the design based on the characteristic.Interactive characteristic definition. Using the existing geometry modeling system establishment product geometry model, the user, definition characteristic geometry essential factor in the graph interactive plan process, and add the information for example characteristic parameter or precision, specification, material heat treatment and so on to geometry model as the attribute. This kind of modeling methods automaticity is low, product data sharing is also difficulty realized, in the information processing process it is easy to arise the artificial mistake.”. Characteristic recognition. the characteristic which defines in advance is carried on the comparison geometry model, definite characteristic concrete type and additional information. Usually it is composed by the following steps: Searching product geometry database, match characteristic topo geometry model; Withdraws the characteristic information from the database which oneself distinguishes; Definite characteristic parameter; Completes characteristic geometry model; Combines the simple characteristic to become the new characteristic. The design based on characteristic. The user directly defines components geometry entity with the characteristic, after soon in characteristic storehouse pre-definition characteristic instantiation, take example characteristic as basic unit establishment characteristic model, thus completes the product the definition or the design.指 導(dǎo) 教 師 評(píng) 語(yǔ) 外文翻譯成績(jī):指導(dǎo)教師簽字: 年 月 日注:1. 指導(dǎo)教師對(duì)譯文進(jìn)行評(píng)閱時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)方面:翻譯的外文文獻(xiàn)與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的主題是否高度相關(guān),并作為外文參考文獻(xiàn)列入畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)的參考文獻(xiàn);翻譯的外文文獻(xiàn)字?jǐn)?shù)是否達(dá)到規(guī)定數(shù)量(3 000字以上);譯文語(yǔ)言是否準(zhǔn)確、通順、具有參考價(jià)值。2. 外文原文應(yīng)以附件的方式置于譯文之后。共 7頁(yè) 第 9 頁(yè)
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