大工11春《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)3(開放英語(yǔ)3)》輔導(dǎo)資料五

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1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)3〔開放英語(yǔ)3〕輔導(dǎo)資料五 主 題：Unit 25－Unit29的復(fù)習(xí)〔一〕 學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間：2011年5月9日－5月15日 內(nèi) 容： 我們這周主要復(fù)習(xí)Unit 25－Unit29的相關(guān)內(nèi)容.希望通過(guò)下面的內(nèi)容能使同學(xué)們加深對(duì)這幾個(gè)單元相關(guān)詞匯、短語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)法的理解. 一、學(xué)習(xí)要求 1．掌握Unit 25－Unit29所涉與的相關(guān)詞匯、短語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)法. 二、主要內(nèi)容 1．have的意義與一些用法 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞have有不同意義,它還可以構(gòu)成不同的結(jié)構(gòu),用來(lái)表達(dá)不同的意義?下面分別舉例說(shuō)明? ⑴I have a lot of work to do.〔我有很多工作要做.〕

2、此句中的have作"有"講,后面的to do是定語(yǔ),修飾名詞work? to do與work之間呈邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,因此to do后面不能再跟賓語(yǔ)? ⑵I’ve just had/got some photos taken. 〔我剛才讓別人照了幾張照片.〕 We had/got the machine mended just now. 〔我們剛才請(qǐng)人把機(jī)器修好了.〕 He had/got his hair cut.〔他剛才請(qǐng)人給他理發(fā)了.〕 The patient is going to have/get his temperature taken.〔這個(gè)病人準(zhǔn)備讓人量體溫.〕 ha

3、ve/get sth done, 即"have/get + sth 〔賓語(yǔ)〕+ 過(guò)去分詞〔賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)〕" 意為 "讓/叫/使/請(qǐng)別人做某事".賓語(yǔ)sth 后面用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),說(shuō)明sth 與過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系. ⑶We had no trouble finding his house. 我們毫不費(fèi)勁地找到了他的家? 此句中的finding是動(dòng)名詞,作介詞in的賓語(yǔ).這里的介詞in也可以省略?形式上與其相類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有： have a problem doing sth <做某事有問(wèn)題> havedifficulty doing sth

4、 <做某事有困難> have a difficult time doing sth <做某事有困難> have a struggle doing sth <做某事很費(fèi)勁> have fun doing sth <做某事很有趣> have a good/wonderful/pleasant time doing sth <做某事很愉快> 2．反身代詞的作用 ⑴作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) Make yourself at home.〔請(qǐng)隨便./不要拘束.〕 I can’t express myself in English.〔我不能用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)思想.〕

5、 He is teaching himself Japanese.〔他在自學(xué)日語(yǔ).〕 ⑵作介詞賓語(yǔ) She is worried about herself.〔她為自己擔(dān)心.〕 Be strict with yourself.〔律己要嚴(yán).〕 ⑶作表語(yǔ),用于be,feel,look等后,表示感覺(jué)、情緒或狀態(tài). He isn’t quite himself these days.〔他近來(lái)身體不太舒服.〕 She feels more herself today.〔她今天感覺(jué)好多了.〕 He looked himself yesterday.〔他昨天看起來(lái)挺正常.〕 ⑷作狀語(yǔ),常常

6、起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用,譯為"親自"或"自己". I did it myself.〔這是我自己做的.〕 Did you paint the house yourselves?〔你們的房子是自己粉刷的嗎？〕 [補(bǔ)充] 反身代詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)： ①by oneself 獨(dú)自一人,獨(dú)立地；自動(dòng)地 He lives by himself. <=alone> 他獨(dú)身一人. I can work out this math problem by myself.〔我自己能解出這道題.〕 ②enjoy oneself 玩得高興,過(guò)得愉快 The girls always enjoy themselves.

7、〔這幾位女孩一直過(guò)得很快活.〕 ③help oneself to sth 隨意使用……<用于招待客人> Please help yourself to some fish.〔請(qǐng)吃點(diǎn)魚.〕 3．both, either與neither之間的比較 ⑴作代詞 ①both是"兩者都"的意思.both可與of連用,of后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前需加冠詞或者物主代詞.both of...作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).如： Both are right. = Both of the answers are right.〔這兩個(gè)答案都對(duì).〕 ②either用作代詞時(shí),意為"二者之一",可單獨(dú)使用,也可以和表示范

8、圍的of短語(yǔ)連用,of后的名詞一般為復(fù)數(shù),并且是特指.例如： Do you want tea or coffee?〔你要茶還是咖啡？〕 Either is OK.〔哪一種都行.〕 Is either of your parents ing to see you next week？〔下周你父親或母親要來(lái)看你嗎？〕 ③neither是"兩者都不".它可與of連用.of后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前需加冠詞或者物主代詞.neither of the/物主代詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù) 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如： Neither of the boys knows my brother.〔那兩個(gè)男孩都不認(rèn)識(shí)我弟弟.〕

9、 ⑵作形容詞 ①both,兩者都,與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用.如： Both doors are open.〔兩扇門都開著.〕 ②either,兩者之間任何一個(gè)的,任何一方的,與單數(shù)名詞連用.如： On either side of the river there are lots of big trees.〔河的兩邊都有許多大樹.〕 ③neither,兩者都不,與單數(shù)名詞連用.如： Neither boy is going there.〔兩個(gè)男孩都不打算去那里.〕 ⑶作副詞 ①both,兩者.如： I like them both.〔我喜歡他們兩個(gè).〕 ②either,也<不>.用

10、于否定句中.如： I don’t like fishing. David doesn’t like fishing, either.〔我不喜歡釣魚,大衛(wèi)也不喜歡.〕 ③neither,也不.用于肯定句,表示否定含義.如： He can’t swim,and neither can I.〔他不會(huì)游泳,我也不會(huì).〕 ⑷詞組 both...and...〔既……又……〕,either...or...〔或者……或者……〕,neither...nor...〔既不……也不……〕,它們都可以連接句中任何相同成分. ①連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ) both...and...連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.如

11、： Both she and I are going to do the cleaning.〔我和她兩個(gè)人都要做清潔工作.〕 either...or...與neither...nor...連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與毗鄰的主語(yǔ)在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致.如： Either you or I am wrong.〔不是你錯(cuò),就是我錯(cuò).〕 Neither her father nor her mother is a teacher.〔她的父親和母親都不是老師.〕 ②連接兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ).如： She can both side sing and dance.〔她能歌善舞.〕 You may eith

12、er stay or go.〔你可以留下,也可以走.〕 He neither drinks nor smokes.〔他既不喝酒也不抽煙.〕 ③連接兩個(gè)表語(yǔ).如： The room is both bright and clean.〔屋子既明亮又干凈.〕 She looks either a worker or a doctor.〔她看上去或許是一個(gè)工人,或許是一個(gè)醫(yī)生.〕 It is neither cold nor hot.〔天氣既不冷也不熱.〕 ④連接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ).如： She teaches us both English and PE.〔她既教我們英語(yǔ)也教我們體育.〕 Yo

13、u speak either English or Chinese in class. 〔在班里你可以說(shuō)英語(yǔ)也可以說(shuō)漢語(yǔ).〕 Daniel likes neither reading nor writing.〔丹尼爾既不喜歡讀也不喜歡寫.〕 4．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法 ⑴may have + done sth, can have + done sth　表示過(guò)去,推測(cè)過(guò)去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情. Mary may have been hurt seriously

14、in the car accident.〔瑪莉可能在交通事故中受重傷了.〕 Mary can have been hurt seriously in the car accident.〔瑪莉可能在交通事故中受重傷了.〕 此外,could have done sth 也可以表示過(guò)去能做而沒(méi)有做的事,意為"本來(lái)可以〔可能〕…",有一種對(duì)過(guò)去未付諸實(shí)施的事情的惋惜之情.如： He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.〔本來(lái)他能夠通過(guò)考試,但是他太粗心.〕 ⑵must have +done sth,對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間里

15、可能發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè),語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng),具有"肯定"的意思. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.〔昨晚一定下雨了,因?yàn)榈孛孢€是濕的.〕 He must have been mad to speak to the wall.〔你對(duì)著墻說(shuō)話,一定是發(fā)瘋了.〕 ⑶ought to have done sth, should have done sth 表示本應(yīng)該做某事,而事實(shí)上并沒(méi)有做. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should/ought to have been finished yes

16、terday.〔湯姆,你太懶惰了,這項(xiàng)工作本來(lái)應(yīng)該昨天就做完的.〕 ought to 在語(yǔ)氣上比should 要強(qiáng). ⑷needn't have done sth表示本沒(méi)必要做某事 I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.〔我本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要買這么多酒,只來(lái)了五個(gè)人.〕 三、課后練習(xí) 閱讀下面的短文,從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案. We should remember that we all learned our own language well when we were children. I

17、f we could learn ___1___ second language in the same way, it would not seem so ___2___. Think ___3___ what a small child does. It listens to what people say and tries ___4___ what it hears.? When it wants something, it has to ask ___5___ it. It is using the language, talking in it, and thinking in i

18、t all the time. If people ___6___ use a second language all the time, they would learn it quickly. We learn our own language ___7___ hearing people speak it, not by seeing what they write. We imitate ___8___ we hear. In school, though you learn to read and write ___9___ to hear and speak, it is the

19、 best way ___10___ all the new words through the ear. You can read them, speak them, and write them later. 1． A. a B. an C. the D. / 2． A. easy B. fast C. simple D. difficult 3． A. of B. out C. over D. through 4． A. imitate B. imitating C. to imitate D. imitated 5． A. of B. fo

20、r C. after D. about 6． A. could B. should C. would D. had to 7． A. of B. by C. on D. with 8． A. what B. when C. where D. how 9． A. and B. but C. as well as D. as long as 10． A. learn B. learns C. learning D. to learn 5 / 5 注：練習(xí)題答案將在下周的輔導(dǎo)資料中公布. 輔導(dǎo)資料四練習(xí)題答案 Activity 1

21、 1-b 2-f 3-g 4-d 5-e 6-c 7-a Activity 2 你的答案應(yīng)該用到類似Why don’t you…?〔你為什么不……？〕 If I were you, I’d… 〔如果我是你的話,我會(huì)……〕或 How about…?〔……如何？〕這樣的句型. 例如：1. Why don’t you call your father? He has the key. 2. If I were you, I’d repair it. 3. How about going to see a dentist? A

22、ctivity 3 1. I went on a three-week holiday. 2. I live in a three-room flat. 3. I bought a 200-dollar bottle of wine. 4. I visited a 600-year-old castle with my friend. Activity 4 1-5 ABAAA 6-9 BAAB Activity 5 1. many 2. often 3. much 4. far 5. long 6. tall Activity 6 1. on 2. of 3. on, of 4. of, on 5. from 6. from 7. in, on