高中英語教案：《Module 2 A Job Worth Doing》（第3課時） （外研版必修5）

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111 Teaching Goals: 1. To enable Ss to master how to remember new words. 2. To get Ss to have knowledge of this grammar point: past simple, past continuous and past perfect tense. 3. To enable Ss to make deductions about the past. Teaching Procedures: Step 1 Leading-in Purpose: To get the Ss to know the ways to learn words. Ask Ss to read Learning to learn and discuss what is provided for their learning strategies. Have they tried the method? Is it good? Ask them to give two examples of the method. Step 2 Grammar 1. Presentation Purpose: To get the Ss to know the teaching content of Grammar Show the following contents on the blackboard or PowerPoint. （1）一般過去時的考點分析（考核重點）。 ◆ 一般過去時的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)常與表示過去具體的時間狀語連用（或有上下文語境暗示）；用于表達過去的習(xí)慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去式。如： I met her in the street yesterday. I once saw the famous star here. They never drank wine. I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn’t. ◆ 如果從句中有一個過去的時間狀語，盡管從句中的動作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動詞連用過去式。 Eg He told me he read an interesting novel last night. ◆ 表示兩個緊接著發(fā)生的動作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。 Eg ① The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her. ② He bought a watch but lost it. ◆ 在before或after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中用一般過去時態(tài)代替過去完成時。 After he (had)left the room, the boss came in. We arrived home before it snowed. ◆ 常用一般過去時的句型： Why didn’t you / I think of that? I didn’t notice it. I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before. I didn’t recognize him. （2）過去完成時考點分析（考核重點）。 ◆ 在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句以前發(fā)生的動作常用過去完成時。如： By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. ◆ 表示曾實現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ though / wanted / expected等或用上述動詞過去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned… + to have done。 ◆“時間名詞 + before”在句子中作狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時；“時間名詞 + ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去式。如： He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago. ◆ 表示“一……就”的幾個句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主語 +過去分詞 + when / than / before + 一般過去時。如： We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. （3）過去將來時考點分析。 參照一般將來時對比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表過去將來；come、go、leave等過去進行時表過去將來時；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表過去將來。 （4）過去進行時考點分析。 ①過去某一時刻正在進行的動作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。 ②某一動作發(fā)生時另一動作正在發(fā)生，其中一個在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中。 （5）注意幾組時態(tài)的區(qū)別： ◆ 一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時： 時間上有差異：凡有過去時間的均用過去時態(tài)，不能用完成時態(tài)，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。 結(jié)果上有差異：現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)的是對“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果，動作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)；一般過去時強調(diào)的是動作發(fā)生在“過去”，和現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。 ◆ 過去完成時與一般過去時：過去完成時強調(diào)的是“過去的過去”；如出現(xiàn)同一主語連續(xù)幾個動作（“連謂”）形式則只用一般過去時即可。 2. Practice Review of verb forms Purpose: To get Ss to have knowledge of the grammar through exercises. 1. Example (1) —— Are you a visitor here? —— That’s right. I＿＿＿round the world and now my dream of coming to China＿＿＿true. A. have traveled； has come B. was traveling； had been come C. am traveling； has come D. have traveled； has been come 解析：答案為C。由對話情景可知，“周游世界”是現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作，而“實現(xiàn)”是到說話時為止已完成的動作；come true不能用于被動語態(tài)。 (2) —— ＿＿＿＿＿ Betty this morning? —— Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon. A. Have you seen B. Will you see C. Do you see D. Did you see 解析：答案為A。詢問到說話時為止一段時間內(nèi)某動作是否發(fā)生，要用現(xiàn)在完成時。 (3) Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never＿＿＿＿＿ him talk so much. A.I heard B. did I hear C.I had heard D. had I heard 解析：答案為D。hear 發(fā)生在talked這一過去動作之前；never是含有否定意義的副詞，放在句首時，句子應(yīng)用倒裝語序。 (4) The children ＿＿＿＿＿＿ very quiet； I wonder what they ＿＿＿＿up to. A. were； are being B. are being； are C. are； do D. are being； do 解析：答案為B。be用于進行時可表示一個暫時的特點或表現(xiàn)。What they are up to相當于What they are doing。 解析：答案為D。根據(jù)目前跡象判斷將要發(fā)生的動作用be going to；if only 意為“但愿”，其后的句子用虛擬語氣。 (6) He ＿＿＿articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he ＿＿＿about forty articles. A. has been writing； has written B. has been writing； wrote C. is writing； has been writing D. has written； has written 解析：答案為A。由these three years可知應(yīng)選現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示“寫”從過去一直延續(xù)至今，并有可能繼續(xù)下去；“寫了40 篇”用現(xiàn)在完成時，表示到現(xiàn)在為止已完成的動作。 (7) She ＿＿＿＿＿ to the office than she got down to writing the report. A. has no sooner got B. had hardly got C. no sooner got D. had no sooner got 解析：答案為D。no sooner...than和hardly(scarcely)...when均表示“一……就……”，且主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。 (8) When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge ＿＿＿＿from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work. A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come 解析：答案為C。賓語從句表示的是客觀事實。 (9) In this experiment, they are woken up several times during the night, and asked to report what they＿＿＿＿. A. had just been dreaming B. are just dreaming C. have just been dreaming D. had just dreamt 解析：答案為C。dream是從過去某時開始一延續(xù)到are woken up...and asked to report...這一現(xiàn)在動作之前的動作，故用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。 (10) ——What’s the matter? —— The shoes don’t fit properly. They＿＿＿＿my feet. A. are hurting B. will hurt C. have hurt D. are hurt 解析：答案為A。由What’s the matter 和don’t fit 可知，hurt是現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。2. 2. Exercise (1) Ask Ss to match the sentences with the names of the tenses in Activity 1. Suggested answers: ① past simple ② past continuous ③ past perfect (2) Ask Ss to read the sentences and answer the questions in Activity 2 . Suggested answers: a past simple b past continuous c past perfect (3) Pair Work. Ask Ss to find more examples of each tense in Part 3 of the passage The Human Traffic Signal. Suggested answers: past simple He had a close encounter with death. He came off the road at a bend. past continuous He was working as a lorry driver. He was driving a lorry load of bananas. past perfect He had been a miner and a soldier. …a bus which had crashed at la curva del diablo. (4) Ask Ss to complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in Activity 4. Suggested answers: (1) had done (2 )was waiting (3) had seen/ saw (4) had asked/ asked （5）was crying (6) left (7) ran (8) was talking (9)had finished (10)did (11)knew (12)had happened (13) had forgotten (14) took (15)had frozen Step 3 Function Purpose: To get the Ss to know how to make deductions about the past through exercises. 1. Practice Ask the students to finish the exercise about giving reasons on P17. Suggested answers (Activity 1): 1(d) 2(c) 3(b) a 1 and 2 b 3 Suggested answers (Activity 2): 1 must 2 can’t 3 might 4 might 5 must 6 can’t Suggested answers (Activity 3): 1 He might have learnt a kind of African language. 2 He must have met some important businesspeople. 3 He can’t have caught the train. 2. Conclusion Group work Ask the Ss to read the exercises again and try to make a conclusion of the use of can’t have done, might have done and must have done 111