高考英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解專(zhuān)題 推理判斷題復(fù)習(xí)課件.ppt

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,,Reading Comprehension- Inference Questions,閱讀理解專(zhuān)題--推理判斷題,07、08廣東高考閱讀理解推理判斷題:,,閱讀推理判斷題,推斷題分類(lèi),1. Question forms: It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know that …is most likely . When the writer talks about …, what the writer really means is . The writer suggests that . The story implies that . We can infer [conclude] from the passage that . 這類(lèi)題干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)。,一、如何推斷隱含意義,2.技巧點(diǎn)撥 1).全面分析 2).忠實(shí)原文3).不要選擇表層信息,Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called “the deathwatch beetle.“ （1分鐘） ● The sound of this beetle ________. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.,,3.Practice:,1,(passage1),Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age; today only two exist. The wood bison is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known in the United States is the Plains bison, or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West. ● The author implies that several types of bison______. A. live outside the United Stated and Canada B. are well adapted to swampy terrain C. existed before the Ice Age D. have been killed or have died out,,,,,2,P3,二、如何推斷作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度：,說(shuō)明文中作者的態(tài)度: objective neutral （ 中立的）； 在議論文中，有： (1)positive (積極的) (2)negative (3)neutral (中立的) (4)approval (5) disapproval (6) indifferent (7)sarcastic （諷刺的） (8)critical (批評(píng)的) (9)optimistic (10)pessimistic,客觀的,消極的,漠不關(guān)心的,(贊成的),不贊成的,樂(lè)觀的,悲觀的,1. Question forms: The writer’s attitude toward… is______. The writer thought that______. According to the author ______.,2.技巧點(diǎn)撥 注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，才能推斷出作者的弦外之音。,Passage 5.（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical(身體的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’s a natural—and healthy—emotional response(反應(yīng)). （2分鐘） ●According to the author, which of the following statements is true? A. Crying is the best way to get help from others. B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems. C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry. D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.,,,,,3,Passage6.Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure--- those who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity, which may only last a few minutes or even seconds. I would consider bungee jumping（蹦極跳）to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic（有彈性的）rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs.,4,Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists（心理學(xué)家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people's lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival（生存）. Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. （5分鐘） ●The writer of the text has a ____ attitude（態(tài)度）towards dangerous sports. A. positive（肯定的） B. negative（否定的） C. neutral （中立的） D. nervous,,,,,三、如何推斷寫(xiě)作目的,1. Question forms: (1) 考查整篇文章的寫(xiě)作目的 A. The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____. B. What is the purpose of writing this article? C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _____.,(2) 考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫(xiě)作意圖 A. The writer uses the example of…to show that _____. B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____. C. …are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____.,2. 常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作目的歸納 不同的文章可能有不同的寫(xiě)作目的, 但寫(xiě)作目的通常有以下三種： (1) to entertain readers（娛樂(lè)讀者，讓人發(fā)笑） (2) to persuade readers（說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)） (3) to inform readers（告知讀者某些信息）,常見(jiàn)于故事類(lèi)的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience,常見(jiàn)于廣告類(lèi)的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience,多見(jiàn)于科普類(lèi)﹑新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)﹑文化類(lèi)或社會(huì)類(lèi)的文章.,3. 技巧點(diǎn)撥 (1) 根據(jù)文體類(lèi)別推斷寫(xiě)作目的 (2) 從寫(xiě)作手法來(lái)推斷寫(xiě)作目的,Passage7. “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. （1.5分鐘） ●The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______. A. test the readers’ knowledge about waves B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance D. invite the readers to answer them,,,,5,Passage8 A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the man's big family-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents' home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the woman's home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husband's home. （3分鐘） ●The writer wrote the story in order to________. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife,,,,,,,6,1. Question forms: The passage is most likely to be taken from______. Where would this passage most probably appear? The passage is most likely a part of ___.,四、如何推斷文章出處,2. 解題技巧 這類(lèi)問(wèn)題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷其出處：(1) 報(bào)紙 (2)廣告 (3)產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明：,Passage9（全國(guó)卷）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets(藥片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (緩解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask your doctor’s advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine. ●This text is most probably taken from a ______. （2分鐘） A. textbook B. newsreel C. doctor’s notebook D. bottle of medicine,7,,,,Passage10 More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受傷）each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt（安全帶）saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver's responsibility（責(zé)任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（發(fā)送）or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. （3分鐘） ●This text is taken from _____. A. a medical magazine B. a police report C. an advertisement（廣告） D. a government information booklet （小冊(cè)子）,8,More than 30,000… are killed or seriously injured（受傷）each year.,you could be fined up to $ 50,Remember you may be taken to court… you may be fined …,2. 解題技巧 推測(cè)下文的內(nèi)容：根據(jù)作者的思路進(jìn)行推理 推測(cè)上文的內(nèi)容：關(guān)注第一段，特別是文段開(kāi)始的幾句話。,五．推斷上下文內(nèi)容,Question forms: The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______ The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss ______.,Passage 11 When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. （3分鐘） ●The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about ____________. A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization （城市化）,,,9,1.推斷隱含意義,必須吃透相關(guān)文段的意思。 2.推斷作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)注主題句,同時(shí)把握文章的體裁也可以推斷作者的寫(xiě)作目的。,總結(jié),3.推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)全面理解文章的內(nèi)容及文章的中心 思想。 4.推斷下文的內(nèi)容，必須特別關(guān)注最后一段的內(nèi)容,尤其是最后的兩三句話。,