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1、Summary writing 概 ： （ ）要 ： （ ）概 要 :( ）概 要 （ summary writing） 1. No commentsDont share your own opinion about the issue. 2. No detailsOmit detailed information, examples and dialogues. 3. No copyingDont copy the original sentences.Rewrite the sentences. 4. Coherence(連 貫 性 )Use the shortest possible t
2、ransitions,like however,besides,because etc. 5. Number of wordsWrite in about 60 words(40-80).Basic requirements Step one Find the key pointsStep two rewrite the key points in your own wordsStep three connect the key points and polish it.How to Write a Good Summary? types key information說 明 文exposit
3、ion 1.描 寫 某 事 物 的 性 質(zhì) 功 用 。 即 “ 對(duì)象 +性 質(zhì) 功 用 +利 弊 ” ；2.針 對(duì) 某 個(gè) 問 題 提 出 解 決 方 法 或 措施 。 即 “ 問 題 +解 決 方 法 ” ；3.介 紹 某 現(xiàn) 象 及 其 原 因 和 結(jié) 果 ?！?現(xiàn) 象 +原 因 +結(jié) 果 ”議 論 文argumentation 論 點(diǎn) +論 據(jù) (+結(jié) 論 )1. 確 定 文 體 the types of the passageStep1: How to find the key points? Sample 1 Whether or not to have a second child
4、 has put many couples in a dilemma.(要 點(diǎn) 1) Some supporters think one child means a lonely and spoiled child. With siblings, children can learn to share and get on well with others.(要 點(diǎn) 2) However, some opponents argue that an only child will get more quality time and attention while causing fewer ar
5、guments.(要 點(diǎn) 3) Still, there is no easy answer to the issue. Its up to the couple to make a proper decision about it.(要 點(diǎn) 四 ) 論 據(jù) 1論 點(diǎn)論 據(jù) 2 結(jié) 論 Sample 2 With an increase tendency towards sharing information online， some active factors gradually appear.(要 點(diǎn) 1) Firstly， the information shared online o
6、ften helps to inspire， amuse and benefit others.(要點(diǎn) 2) Secondly， online information sharing provides people， especially the shy people with a chance to show their true self.(要 點(diǎn) 3： ) Thirdly， it can also help strengthen personalrelationships despite the lack of face-to-face meetings.(要 點(diǎn) 4： ) Lastly
7、， while sharing thoughts online， not only are we connecting with the world， but also affecting peoples opinions.(要 點(diǎn) 5) 原 因 1現(xiàn) 象 原 因 3原 因 4原 因 2 原 因 5 Step 2:How to rewrite the key points 1. 使 用 近 義 詞 或 反 義 詞Zhou Yang will remember his first task as a reporter.To research whether such a “sixth sense
8、” really exists, Robert Baker performed two experiments.Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment as a journalist.study if carried out/ did/made book cluds for_2.把 短 語 變 為 單 詞Cleaning away dirt is good to health.Cleaning away dirt benefits health.3.使 用 廣 義 詞 (general words)代 替 具 體 詞(specific
9、words).book clubs for women or men， husbandsands wives， friends and children and so on. different groups of people He didnt like the city. He hated it.4.消 除 重 復(fù)He disliked the city.5. 主 動(dòng) 句 和 被 動(dòng) 句 互 換Robert Baker, a psychologist at the University of Kentucky, performed two experiments.Two experimen
10、ts were carried out by a psychologist. 6. 句 型 間 靈 活 轉(zhuǎn) 換 He is difficult to get along with.It is hard to get along with him.Sb/sth+ be+adj+to do.It +be+adj+to do. 7. 特 殊 句 式 （ 強(qiáng) 調(diào) 句 ， 倒 裝 句 ， there be）和 正 常 語 序 句 式 的 轉(zhuǎn) 化To research whether such a “sixth sense” really exists, Robert Baker, there is re
11、ally a sixth sense 8. 把 從 句 變 為 短 語 (介 詞 短 語 ， 非 謂 語 動(dòng) 詞 短 語 )If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight.with_ , a recorder could be used.The skin is a necessary organ, which serves as a barrier against outside dangers.servingthe interviewees agreement Lets practise
12、Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up
13、 the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of F
14、rance, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit (好 處 ) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 centur
15、y. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be white
16、r than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Ma
17、ry Ruebush, an American immunologist (免 疫 學(xué)家 ), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后 者 ) position is gaining some ground. there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.have, exist, changing opinions，viewpointsPeople have changing opinions tow
18、ard dirt over time.Changing viewpoints toward dirt exist.Paraphrase Key Points In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease. It was thought thatprotectfrom;preventfrom;keepfree fromillness, getting illIn the early 16th century, it was thought that
19、dirt on the skin could protect them from getting ill. since the 18th century cleaning away dirt is good to health.Doing A is good to BIt is good for B to do APeople have realized that it was good for health to remove dirt since the 18th century.remove, washoff benefit your health, keephealthy Nowada
20、ys an American immunologist, encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.now /at presentsome scientists advise, suggest, hold the viewpowerful contactNow, some scientists hold the view that children should be exposed to the dirt to have a powerful immune system.expose
21、to Point1 People have changing opinions toward dirt over time.Point2 In the early 16th century, it was thought that dirt on the skin could protect people from getting ill.Point3 people have realized that it was good for health to remove dirt since the 18th century.Point4 Now,an increasing number of
22、people hold the view that children should be exposed to the dirt to strengthen immune system.However,Step 3:How to connect the key points but, yet, however, though thus, therefore meanwhile, on the other hand firstly/secondly/lastly, because of these for example/such as in short, in conclusion 使 用 連
23、 接 詞 ：Step 3:How to connect the key points People have changing opinions toward dirt over time. In the early 16th century, it was thought that dirt on the skin could protect people from getting ill. However, people have realized that it was good for health to remove dirt since the 18th century. Now,
24、 an increasing number of people hold the view that children should be exposed to the dirt to strengthen immune system.Dont forget to make your summary tight! 閱 讀 下 面 短 文 ， 根 據(jù) 其 內(nèi) 容 寫 一 篇 60詞 左 右 的 內(nèi) 容 概 要 。 Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, peop
25、le thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic(充 滿 活 力 的 ) the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all. In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions.Many of
26、us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the dayLets practise If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to
27、 make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certai
28、nly benefit(受 益 ) a lot from it. Sample People attach great importance to getting up early. It enables them to have a better memory, healthier bodies and better preparation for the day. If not, people will be busy doing everything. So insist on getting up early which is of great benefit to all people.
概要寫作 (2)
