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1、ELEMENTS OF THE SENTENCE(句子成分）句子中的單詞或詞組在句子可以充當：句子中的單詞或詞組在句子可以充當：主語、謂語（連系動詞）、賓語主語、謂語（連系動詞）、賓語/表語、定語、狀語表語、定語、狀語等成分。等成分。People leave some tips in restaurants.She is studying very hard.Li Hui can speak two foreign languages fluently.主語謂語動詞定語賓語狀語Peoplesometipsin restaurants.leaveLi Huican speak two forei
2、gnlanguagesfluently.very hard.Sheis studyingPets are our friends.The teacher was not pleased with my answer.Helen looked worried yesterday.主語連系動詞定語表語狀語Petsourfriends.arewith my answer.Helenlookedworriedyesterday.pleasedTheteacherwas not1. Linda opened the present in front of her guest. 2. The guests
3、 brought their favourite foods to the party.3. My mum seldom gets angry with me.4. The taxi driver got a big tip.5. They were pleased with the hotel service.6. The picture looked beautiful.7. Mr. White cleaned all the rooms with a vacuum cleaner.8. People usually shake hands with each other when the
4、y meet for the first time.主語主語定語定語謂語謂語賓語賓語狀語狀語主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語狀語狀語主語主語主語主語主語主語主語主語主語主語主語主語謂語謂語謂語謂語謂語謂語賓語賓語賓語賓語定語定語定語定語賓語賓語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語狀語連系連系表語表語表語表語表語表語連系連系連系連系OBJECT CLAUSES 賓語從句賓語從句1. I know him . 2. I know who he is . 主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語（簡單句）（簡單句）主語主語謂語謂語賓賓 語語 從從 句句連詞連詞 從句主語從句主語 從句謂語從句謂語 主主 句句
5、（復合句）（復合句）什么是什么是賓語賓語？ I know him. Do you have the time? I think (that) she is beautiful. Why dont you pay attention to me? 賓語位于謂語動詞或者介詞后一、賓語從句的概念從句在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，從句在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）或介詞之后通常放在主句謂語動詞（及物動詞）或介詞之后。 eg. We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.二
6、、賓語從句三要素引導詞（連接詞）引導詞（連接詞）語語 序序時時 態(tài)態(tài)由從屬連詞由從屬連詞 that 引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句由連接代詞由連接代詞 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和連接副詞和連接副詞 where,how,why,when引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句由從屬連詞由從屬連詞 whether, if 引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句（一）引導詞1 12 23 3注：注：that 在句中無詞匯意義在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當成分，在從句中不能充當成分，只起到了引導從句的作用，在口語當中往往省略。只起到了引導從句的作用，在口語當中往往省略。 由從屬連詞由從屬連詞w
7、hether, if 引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句if/ whether “是否是否”，說明對陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。，說明對陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。等后。由由連接代詞連接代詞what, whom, whose, which, what及及連接連接副詞副詞 when, where, how, why引導的賓語從句。引導的賓語從句。代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔任句子成分，具代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔任句子成分，具有一定的意義，不可省略。有一定的意義，不可省略。vI know he
8、lives here .vI know he lived here ten years ago . vI have heard that he will come tomorrow .1.主句用與現(xiàn)在或?qū)碛嘘P的時態(tài)，從句可用任何時態(tài)，主句用與現(xiàn)在或?qū)碛嘘P的時態(tài)，從句可用任何時態(tài)， 根據(jù)實際情況而定。根據(jù)實際情況而定。What does he/she say?We will have an English test next week.He says (that) we will have an English test next week.Mike often plays football
9、 at weekends.She says (that) Mike often plays football at weekends.Mr White is reading in the living room.He says (that) Mr White is reading in the living room.Tom has been to America six times.She says (that) Tom has been to America six times.2.2.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時），如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時）， 從句的
10、時態(tài)一定要用相對應的過去的某種時態(tài)從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應的過去的某種時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）（一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）vI knew who lived here. vI saw she was talking with her mother. vHe asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. vHe said that he had seen it .What did she/he say?We will have an English test next week.He sa
11、id that we would have an English test next week.Mike often plays football at weekends.She said that Mike often played football at weekends.Mr White is reading in the living room.He said that Mr White was reading in the living room.Tom has been to America six times.She said that Tom had been to Ameri
12、ca six times. The teacher told me she was born in 1960. I heard that he went to Paris last night.1. 從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象時，從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象時， 仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. He told me the earth moves around the sun.2.
13、 從句中有具體時間狀語，即使從句動作發(fā)生從句中有具體時間狀語，即使從句動作發(fā)生 在主句動作前，仍用一般過去時。在主句動作前，仍用一般過去時。注意：注意：1. The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3. I hear they _ (return) it already. 4. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)5. Our teacher told us in class the
14、 sun _ in the east. (rise) will be will go have returned had been riseseg. 1. I hear (that) _. （一小時后他會回來）（一小時后他會回來） he will be back in an hour2. He said (that) _. （他非常想念我們）（他非常想念我們）3. The teacher told us (that) _. （地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)）（地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)） he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun賓語從句的語序用賓語從句的語
15、序用陳述語序陳述語序：連接詞連接詞+ +主語主語+ +謂語謂語+ +其他成分其他成分His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library . I dont know what did he want to buy . I dont know what he wanted to buy .主句主句+連接詞連接詞+從句（主從句（主+謂謂+其他成分）其他成分） Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? Wh
16、at happened? 注：當從句的原句為以下句子注：當從句的原句為以下句子 以及以及what, who作主語時，作主語時，語序不變語序不變：eg: I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?Can you tell me who he is ?做主語做主語做賓語做賓語1.He asked _. (誰能回答這個問題）誰能回答這個問題）2.Do you know_? （他們在等誰）（他們在等誰）who could answer the questionwhom they are waiting for3. He
17、 asked _. （誰的書法是班上最好的）（誰的書法是班上最好的）4. Please tell me _. （我們什么時候開會）（我們什么時候開會）5. Can you tell me _. （他在哪兒）（他在哪兒） whose handwriting was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is8. Could you tell me _. （我該怎么去車站）（我該怎么去車站）9. Would you tell me _ . （為什么火車遲到了）（為什么火車遲到了） how I can get to the s
18、tation why the train is late注意：THAT不能省略的2種情況（2）用）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句時做形式賓語的賓語從句時 （ it?？梢苑旁趧釉~常可以放在動詞think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作為形式賓語，而真正的賓語等后作為形式賓語，而真正的賓語that從句則放在句尾）從句則放在句尾） I think it necessary that you should read English aloud. We heard it that she would get married next month.（1）當）當t
19、hat作介詞作介詞 賓語時賓語時They believe in that she must still be single. I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing. 只能用只能用 WHETHERWHETHER不能用不能用 IF IF 的情的情況況1. 在介詞后面：在介詞后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.2.當與當與or not連用，或連用，或提出兩種選
20、擇提出兩種選擇時時:I dont know whether hes free or not.Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.PRACTICE TIMEif / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I wonder _ he is well.4. I dont know _ or not he is
21、 well.5. I dont know _ to go. if / whetherwhetherwhether /ifwhetherwhether賓語從句三要素時時 態(tài)態(tài)Summary (小結）小結）引導詞（連接詞）引導詞（連接詞）語語 序序1. The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether2. We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim
22、can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach
23、 the station6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like7. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ . A. who is he B. who he is
24、C. who is it D. who it is 9. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China10. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing . A. will rain , wont go B. rained , wasnt go C. rai
25、ns , wont go D. rain , will go Join the following two sentences together by using “He has said” or “He has asked” 1. He will be here to visit me very soon.2. Is Mount Huang more beautiful than you think?7. Do the animal years really tell us about the person?6. Are you interested in learning English
26、idioms?5. Do you know his address?4. He hopes to know the truth of the story. 8. Has the film begun?3. Does Mr. Smith come from Africa? 將下列句子合并為一句將下列句子合并為一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they like to go skiing? He asked. 4
27、. He is doing his homework. He said. 5. He will come back. Tom said. I asked where they stopped on the way. Could you tell me what I will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to go skiing. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. 6. Is she doing her homework?
28、Jim asked. 7. When will he come back? Tom asked. 8.How can I get to the station?Could you tell me?9.Why is the train late? Would you tell me?10. Where is Tom? They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They ask
29、ed where Tom was. Jim asked if she was doing her homework. /pet/ / 5prRblEm/ /dI5beIt/5feIvE/ /breIv/ /5lEJnlI/ 5EJnE/ /5deIndVE/ /reIz/5B:gjU:/ /tri:t/ /5frendlI/ 5:WkweIk/ /5ri:sEnt/ /5berI/E5dIFEn/ / E5tAk/1.pet n. 寵物，寵兒 pet dog/food/name keep a pet keep a dog as a pet2. debate n. /v爭辯，辯論n. have
30、a debate a fierce debate on/about sth. 一場圍繞著的激烈的辯論3. favour （favor) n. do sb. a favour=give sb. a hand恩惠 Are you in favour of keeping pets?贊成 A mother shouldnt show too much favor to one of her children. 做母親的不應過分偏愛某一個孩子。4. lonely adj.孤獨的,寂寞的,孤寂的 feel lonely 系詞 表語 a lonely mountain village 定語 偏僻的,人跡罕
31、至的 loneliness n. alone adj./adv She watches TV when she is alone. The rent alone is $300. 只有,僅;單單副詞 adv. For years Mary lived alone in New York. I can do it alone. 5. keep sb. company 陪伴某人/(與) 形影不離 =keep company with sb. Ritas husband is away for weeks, so I thought Id go over and _. Betty was glad
32、to have the dog as company.（伴） set up/start a company （公司） manage/run a company （公司） keep her company6. danger 危險；風險危險；風險 He is in danger of losing his job if he goes on like this. The wounded policeman is now out of danger. adj. dangerousv. endanger7. argue vi. 爭論,辯論;爭吵 argue with/over/about Im not
33、 going to argue with you tonight. They were arguing about how to spend the money. The family argued over who should inherit（繼承） the house.n. have an argument about/over/with8. friendly adj. be friendly to sb. n.-adj. lovely likely yearly monthly daily brotherly motherly orderly ly 8. recent adj. 最近的
34、；進來的 a recent newspaper report/survey/study Great changes have taken place in recent years.adv. recently I havent seen him recently. =lately （完成時態(tài)）9. addition n. 加（法） do addition and subtraction The addition of fruit makes the cereal taste good. in addition/besides in addition to/besides The hotel c
35、an accommodate 80 guests and, in addition, there are several self-catering apartments. 10. problem have a problem with solve a problem no problem a problem child the solution(s) to the problem(s) Pets arefriendlyhelpfulcleverstrongbravequietprettyfunnyloyal（忠實的）（忠實的）be good for healthbe easy to take
36、 care ofLook at pictures and complete the sentencesPets are _ to people.When we feel _,Pets can _ us _.friendlylonelykeepcompanyLook at pictures and complete the sentencesWhen people are _,Some pets can _.in dangersave people_is good exercise,Walking a dogSo some pets are _peoples health.good forMod
37、el 1: A: I wonder which animal you like best . B: Cats. Cats are my favorite animals . A: Can you tell me why you like them best ? B: Because they are quiet and easy to take care of. They are also good at catching mice.friendly lovely clever strong cute quiet pretty good at funny good for easy to ta
38、ke care of Work in pairs to discuss which animal you like best after the model:_. _.Pets dirtydangerousnoisyterrible(sometimes) bark loudlyeven bite peopleLook at pictures and complete the sentences.People _ too much money _ pets.spend onSometimes pets are _.dirtySo they may make people _.sickLook a
39、t pictures and complete the sentences.Sometimes pets bark loudly. And they make _.a lot of noiseSome dogs even _ people.biteWhileTextA: Some students are in favour of keeping pets.B: Some students are against keeping pets.B: When we are in danger, some pets can save us.A: When we are in danger, all
40、of the pets can save us.Listen to the first paragraph and choose the right statements.While However, other students were _ keeping pets. They think that people _ too much money on pets. In their opinion, people should donate the money to the _. In addition, some pets are very _and they make a lot of
41、 _. Some dogs even _ people. They are _. Listen to the second paragraph and fill in the blanks.WhileagainstspendpoordirtynoisebitedangerousAnswer questions for the whole text. 1. What did the students argue about yesterday?2. What can pets do when we feel lonely?3. Who can save us when we are in dan
42、ger?4. Who was the winner at last? Why?*5. What can we learn from the text?They argued about whether we should encourage people to keep pets.They can keep us company when we feel lonely.Some strong pets can save us when we are in danger. postBoth sides were winners because they had good reasons. We
43、can learn why some people keep pets and what problems there may be with pets. 1.進行一場辯論賽進行一場辯論賽2.為為爭論爭論3.鼓勵鼓勵做某事做某事4.養(yǎng)寵物養(yǎng)寵物5.贊成贊成6.根據(jù)某人的意見根據(jù)某人的意見7.對某人友好對某人友好8.與某人做伴與某人做伴9.感到孤獨感到孤獨10.而且而且11.對對有好處有好處12.遛狗遛狗13.一種好的一種好的運動運動have a debateargue aboutencourage sb. to dokeep petsbe in favour of/be for doingin
44、 ones opinionbe friendly to sb.keep sb. companyfeel lonelywhats more/in addition/ besidesbe good forwalk a doggood exercise14. 反對反對15. 把把捐給捐給16.窮人窮人17.發(fā)出很多噪音發(fā)出很多噪音18.雙方雙方19.有充分的理由有充分的理由20.咬人咬人21.挽救某人的生命挽救某人的生命be against doingdonate to sb.the poormake a lot of noiseboth sideshave good reasonsbite peo
45、plesave ones life/livesFor or Against Keeping PetsReasons for keeping pets1. Mr. Li is my neighbor. He is seventy years old. He has no child. So he keeps a pet dog. It can _.2. Some strong dogs can _ our lives when we are in danger. Police dogs can _ as well. 3. If you keep a pet dog, _ every day is
46、 _. Whats more, if you are overweight, it can help you _. So some pet dogs do good to _.savekeep him companypeoples healthgood exerciseWhilecatch thieveswalking a doglose weightReasons against keeping pets1. Some people spend too much _on _. There are still many people who havent enough _. So some s
47、tudents suggest that they should _ the poor.2. Some pets are _and _. That may cause _ among neighbors.3. Some dogs even _. They are _.donate the money tomoney petsdirty noisybite peopledangerousFor or Against Keeping PetsWhilefoodtroubleWatch a video with some questions and then answer them.How many
48、 animals are there in the video? Are they all pets?Do the host and the hostess want to go on keeping the pets or get rid of one pet? Why?Which pet does the host like better? Why?Which pet does the hostess prefer? Why?Video timeAnswer the following questionsHow many animals are there in the video? Ar
49、e they all pets?Do the host and the hostess want to go on keeping the pets or get rid of one pet? Why?Which pet does the host like better? Why?Which pet does the hostess prefer? Why?Three. No, they arent. The dog and the cat are pets. They want to get rid of one pet because they eat too much.He like
50、s the dog better because he thinks dogs are mans good friends.She prefers the cat because it can keep her company and catch mice.READING Captain Shields was Bears _. Bear _ a drowning boy when he was only _. Captain Shields and Bear arrived at _ ruins 38 minutes after the attack. Bear worked for mor
51、e than _ days to _ the people buried in the ruins. Because of the hard work, Bear was much _ than before. Bear died at age of _. The best title for this passage I _.ownersaveda year and a half oldthe World Trade CenterfourfindthinnertwelveThe Most Celebrated Dog in the World How old was Bear? What c
52、ould Bear understand? How did Captain Shields treat Bear? Why did Bear jump into the river? When did Bear arrive at the World Trade Center? How many dogs helped at the World Trade Center? How long did they work there? What happened to Bear at last? How did people honor him?一條12歲的金毛狗手令用西班牙語把當做一歲半跳下船一
53、個溺水男孩在9月11日的早晨a 12-year-old golden doghand commandsin Spanishtreatasa year and a half old/one and a half years oldjump off a boata drowning boyon the morning of September 11hurry to/go toin a hurryThe World Trade Center ruinsbury in the ruins350 other dogsfour more days/another four daysdrop fromtoin honor ofname sb. sth.name sb. sth. after the most celebrated dog
貴州省貴陽市花溪二中八年級英語《Unit 4 A Visit to an Agricultural Park》課件5
