英國文學(xué)之-十四行詩第十八首Sonnet.ppt

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ITOPIC Sonnet18 IIOBJECTIVES A IntroductiontopoetryB IntroductiontosonnetC StudyofSonnet18D Assignment DefinitionofPoetry distinctivestyleandrhythm agenreofliterature aconcentratedimaginativeawarenessofexperienceinlanguage aspecialemotionalresponsethroughitsmeaning sound andrhythm TypesofPoetry LyricpoetryNarrativepoetryDramaticpoetry LyricpoetryLyricisabriefsubjectivepoemstronglymarkedbyimagination melodyandemotion andcreatingasingleunifiedimpression NarrativepoetryNarrativepoetryisonethattellsastoryorpresentsanarrative whethersimpleorcomplex longorshort Epics balladsandmetricalromancesareamongthemanykindsofnarrativepoems DramaticpoetryAthirdkindofpoetryisdramaticpoetrywhichiswrittenintheformofaspeechofanindividualcharactertoanimaginaryaudience itcompressesintoasinglevividsceneanarrativesenseofthespeaker shistoryandpsychologicalinsightintohischaracter Thiskindofpoetry asthetermsuggests employsdramaticformorsomeelementofdramatictechnique TheLanguageinPoetry TheLanguageinpoetrymaydifferstillfurtherfromthatofprose SincethefunctionofpoetryistopresentIMAGESconcretely itistheresponsibilityofthepoettoselectlanguagethatsucceedsinmakingthoseIMAGESconcreteandthespecialwordsrichinconnotativevalueandcarryingimplicationsofsound color andaction thesearethespecialstockofthegenuinePOET Rhythm Poetryisoftenconsideredastherhythmiccreationofbeauty EdgarAllenPoe Apoemisdividedintostanzaorstrophe 詩節(jié) whichissubdividedintoverseorline 行 Eachlineisdividedintoseveralfeet 音步 Footisarrangedaccordingtothestress andthisformsthemeter 格律 Inafoot symbolizesstress whichiscalled 揚(yáng) inChinese and symbolizesnon stress whichiscalled 抑 inChinese Rhythmcomesfromtheregularpatternofthestressandnon stress Accordingtotherulesofthearrangementofthestressesandnon stresses themostcommonlyusedmeterofEnglishpoetryisdividedinto A Iambicfoot Iamb 抑揚(yáng)格Ifwintercomes canspringbefarbehind B Trochaicfoot Trochee 揚(yáng)抑格Everylittlestreamisbright C Anapesticfoot Anapest 抑抑揚(yáng)格Forthemoonneverbeamswithoutbringingmedreams D Dactylicfoot Dacty1 揚(yáng)抑抑格Slowlythemisto erthemeadowwascreeping E Amphibrachfoot Amphibrach F Spondee G Pyrrhic KindsofVerse Alineconsistsofseveralfeet Accordingtothenumberoffoot footisdividedinto A Monometer 單音步 Itrust B Dimeter 雙音步 Thewildwindsweep C Trimeter 三音步 Theirsnottomakereply D Tetrameter 四音步 Helivestolearninlife shardschool E Pentameter 五音步 Thepoetryofearthisneverdead F Hexameter 六音步 G Peptameter 七音步 H Octametre 八音步 KindsofMeters Verserhythm Averseconsistsofdifferentkindsoffeet A IambicMonometer AnddieB TrochaicDimeter Richthetreasure C IambicTrimeter Theirsnottomakereply AnapesticTrimeter Downtothedepthsofthesea D IambicTetrameter Row brother row thestreamisfast TrochaicTetrameter Lifeisreal Lifeisearnest AmphibrachTetrameter Afarmerwenttrottinguponhisgreymare E IambicPentameter Farewell thetranquilmind farewell content Andswimsorsinks orwades orcreeps orflies Plea sinthesilentshadewithemptypraise 3 4Rhyme Rime arepetitionofthesamesound Alliteration Theinitialsamesound normallyconsonants especiallyatthebeginningofwords orstressedsyllables arerepeated Themoanofdovesinimmemorialelms Andmurmuringofinnumerablebees A Tennyson Princes Assonance arepetitionofthesameorsimilarvowelsounds usuallyclosetogetherquiteinrhyme e g 1 ThewavescameoverthebrokenshipTillallhersidesweretorn Consonance harmonyofconsonant Thesameconsonantsfollowdifferentvowelsoundsofwordsclosetoeachother e g 1 apalegoldchord Endrhyme Rhymescheme A Park dark make break low foe Normalrhyme B one bone stood blood Eyerhyme Somestanzaforms A Couplet usuallyiambictetrameterandiambicpentameter heroiccouplet B Tercet triplet C Quatrain D Five versestanza E SextetF Seven versestanzaG Octave Triple H Sonnet Imagery Imageryreferstothesensoryimagesproducedbywords Imageryisthelifeofagoodpoem Imageryisdividedintovisualimage auditoryimage olfactoryimage 嗅覺 tactileimage 觸覺 gustatoryimage 味覺 kinaestheticimage 動覺 abstractimage etc Topic2 Introductiontosonnet 2 1Definitionofsonnetfourteenlinesusuallyiniambicpentametersumupinlastlinesofthepoem Topic2 Introductiontosonnet 2 2TypesofSonnetTherearethreedominanttypesofsonnet Petrarchansonnet theItaliansonnet abba abba cde cdeDefinitionofPetrarchansonnetThefirst8linesformanoctave whichrhymesabba abbaandtheremaining6linesformasestetwhichrhymescde cde Spenseriansonnet abab bcbc cdcd ee Shakespeareansonnet theEnglishsonnetorElizabethansonnet abab cdcd efef gg 2 3Shakespeareansonnet 2 3 1DefinitionofShakespeareansonnetShakespeareansonnetconsistsofthreequatrainswitharhymingschemeababcdcdefefandendswithacoupletrhyminggg Inthethreequatrainsthethemeisputforwardanddeveloped andinthecoupletthesonnetendswithasurpriseconclusionorshiftofideas Thequatrainsproduceasweepingmovementwhiletheconcludingcoupletoftencomestobeaneffectiveepigramandalsomakesthethemeofthepoemclearer Topic2 Introductiontosonnet 2 3 2Contents Shakespeare ssonnetsaretheonlydirectexpressionofthepoet sownfeelings Hissonnetsnumbered1 126areaddressedtoahandsomeyoungnobleman Shakespeare sbelovedfriendandarivalpoet Thepoemsexpressesthewriter sselflessbutnotentirelyuncriticaldevotiontotheyoungman Thesonnetsnumbered127 152involveamistressofShakespeare amysterious DarkLady Thesonnetsnumbered153 154areallegoricalandaddressedtoCupid theGodofloveinGreekmythology Topic2 Introductiontosonnet 2 3 3CharacteristicsofShakespeare ssonnetsShakespeare ssonnetsischaracterizedbytheexpressionofstrongfeelingswithanexquisitelycontrolledartisticform Thethemeofloveandinfidelityisdominantinbothsetsofpoems Thethemeisinterwovenwithmotifsofbeauty immorality andtheravagesoftimeandwithlyricalspeculationaboutpoetry spowertomaintainbondsofloveandtoimmortalizethebeloved 2 3 4Themes destructiveeffectsoftimethequicknessofphysicaldecaythelossofbeauty vigor andlovecelebrationoflife 2 3 5Shakespeare scontribution Shakespeare scontributiontoEnglishliteraturenotonlyliesinthecreationofmanyimmortalworks butalsointheimprovementofthedramatictechniquesandthecreationofShakespeariansonnetbyrevisingtheItaliansonnet Topic3 StudyofSonnet18 3 1ThemainideaThesonnetstartswithaquestionthatmightleadtoaveryordinaryconceit insteaditintroducesaprofoundmeditationontime changeandbeauty Normally tocomparethebelovedtothedaysofearlysummerortothedazzlingbeautyoftheglorioussunwouldbeconsideredhighpraise However thepoetconsidersthecomparisoninadequate forjustliketheshortnessofsummer man syouthandbeautywillfadeaway Thenthepoetexpressesaveryboldidea thatbeautifulthingscanrelyontheforceofliteraturetotheireternity andliteratureiscreatedbyman thusitdeclaresman seternity 3 2Themes Keywords Praisingthebeautyoftheyoungman Transienceofbeautyinnature Immortalityofartingeneral poetryinparticular InthepoemShakespearehasaprofoundmeditationonthedestructivepoweroftimeandtheeternalbeautybroughtforthbypoetrytotheoneheloves Anicesummer sdayisusuallytransient butthebeautyinpoetrycanlastforever ThusShakespearehasafaithinthepermanenceofpoetry Thepoeteulogizesthepowerofartisticcreation Literaturewillbecomepartoftime Theemphatictoneofthepoemshowsthemightyself confidenceofthenewly arisencommercialbourgeoisie Andthevivid variableandrichimagesreflectthelivelyandadventurousspiritsofthosewhowereopeningnewspaceandcreatingnewworld 3 3Thefourstepsinthecompositionofthepoem Introduction Opening Elucidationofthetheme Developing Transitiontoanotherviewpoint Changing Summingup Concluding Forexample ShallIcomparetheetoasummer sday Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay AndSummer sleasehathalltooshortadate Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines Bychance ornature schangingcourseuntrimmed Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow st NorshallDeathbragthouwand restinhisshade Whenineternallinestotimethougrow st Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee Solonglivethis andthisgiveslifetothee Introduction 起 Elucidation 承 Transition 轉(zhuǎn) Conclusion 合 3 4Stylisticfeaturesofthesonnet 3 4 1Structure Thepoemconsistsofthreequatrainsandaconcludingcoupletofiambicpentameter withtherhymeschemeababcdcdefefgg Meter withrespecttotonalpattern Iambus 抑揚(yáng)格 IambicFoot 抑揚(yáng)音步 5 footIambus IambicPentameter 五步抑揚(yáng)格 ShallI compare theeto asum mer sday Thouart morelove lyand moretem perateRoughwinds doshake thedar lingbuds ofMay AndSum mer slease hathall tooshort adate 3 4Stylisticfeaturesofthesonnet Rhymescheme ababcdcdefefgg ShallIcomparetheetoasummer sday aThouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate bRoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay aAndSummer sleasehathalltooshortadate bSometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines cAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed dAndeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines cBychance ornature schangingcourseuntrimmed dButthyeternalsummershallnotfade eNorlosepossessionofthatfairthouow st fNorshallDeathbragthouwand restinhisshade eWhenineternallinestotimethougrow st fSolongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee gSolonglivethis andthisgiveslifetothee g 3 4 2Figuresofspeech Rhetoricalquestion ShallIcomparetheetoasummer sday Simile theetoasummer sday Metaphor theeyeofheaven referringtothesun eternalsummer immortal ever lasting youthfulness Personification Roughwinds Death personification thedestroyeroflife Repetition eternal solong can this 3 4 2Figuresofspeech Alliteration fairfromfair chanceornature schangingcourse Contrast naturalsummer thysummer short eternal leased ow st hot temperate Rough lovely dimmed notfade Imagery Roughwinds darlingbuds Hoteye Goldcomplexion Thepoetusesimagesnotonlytocreatephysicalexperiencesbutalsotoestablishmoods andmakethethememoreconcreteandconcentrated 3 5Textualappreciation Lines1 2ShallIcomparetheetoasummer sday Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate Paraphrase HowcanIcompareyoutoasummer sdaysinceyouarelovelierandgentlerthanit IfIcomparedyoutoasummer sday I dhavetosayyouaremorebeautifulandserene Detailedstudy ShallIcomparetheetoasummer sday Itisarhetoricalquestionwithoutanswer Andherehyperboleisemployed Normally tocomparethebelovedtothedaysofearlysummerwouldbeconsideredhighpraise becauseintherainyandfoggyEngland summerisamildandfloweringseason Thusitintroducesaprofoundmeditationontime changeandbeauty Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate However thepoetconsidersthecomparisonofasummer sdayisinadequate forjustliketheshortnessofsummer man syouthandbeautywillfadeaway Theword more suggestsinfinitetenderness The lovely impliesthebeautifulcomplexionofthebeloved Andthe temperate impliesthenatureofthebeloved Notethatthesecondlineactuallyservesastheadverbialcausetothefirstline Implication Youaremuchbetter muchmorebeautifulthansummer Thefirsttwolinesintroduceasubjectofthepoem Archaism thee you theobjectformofthou thou you thesubjectformofyou art are ThesingularofthesecondpersoninoldEnglish est st t e g art are ow st owe wand rest wander grow st grow asummer sday InEngland summerisnothotbutcomfortablywarm Itisthemostpleasantseasonoftheyear day theperiodorseasonofasummer temperate gentle soft mild tender Lines3 4 RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay AndSummer sleasehathalltooshortadate Paraphrase Infact theviolentwindsdodestroythelovelybudsofMay andsummerlastsforonlyaveryshortperiodoftime Detailedstudy rough violent terrible Herepersonificationisemployed doshake Theword do isusedhereforemphasis darling lovely dear charming lease period atermusedinlaw thelengthoftimeduringwhichalegalagreementistolast Hereitisfigurativelyused meaning lifetime Archaism hath has date periodoftime Themainideaofthefirstquatrain Thepoetmakesanintroductionbyexplainingthatthoughsummerofthenaturalworldisverybeautiful itisnobetterthanhisfriend Itmayexistforonlyalimitedperiodoftimesinceithasalotofshortcomings Lines5 6 Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed Paraphrase Sometimesthesunshinestoohot anditsgoldenbrightnessisoftencoveredordarkenedbyclouds Detailedstudy sometime sometimes occasionally nowandthen fromtimetotime theeyeofheaven metaphor referringtothesun goldcomplexion thegoldenbrightnessofthesun complexion naturalcolorandappearanceoftheskinoftheface dimmed notbright Lines7 8 Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines Bychance ornature schangingcourseuntrimmed Paraphrase Everythingbeautifulmayloseitsbeauty Thebeautymaybedestroyedunexpectedlyorbythelawofchange thenormalorderofchange inthenaturalworld Detailedstudy everyfair everybeautifulobject oreverybeautifulperson everythingbeautiful fair beauty Notethatthefirst fair referstotheindividual whilethesecond fair referstowhole theconceptofbeauty decline fadeaway movefromabettertoaworsecondition chance someunexpectednaturaldisaster suchasearthquake flood etc nature schangingcourse thelawofchangeinthenaturalworld untrimmed destroyed bestrippedofbeauty Alsonotetheinvertedorderhere Themainideaofthesecondquatrain Shakespearesupportshisviewbycitingmoreexamplesoftheshortcomingsofsummerandpointingoutthefactthateverythingbeautifulmayfinallyloseitsbeautyandmayfinallydisappearcompletelyfromtheworld Lines9 12 Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow st NorshallDeathbragthouwand restinhisshade Whenineternallinestotimethougrow st Paraphrase Ifyouarewritteninaneternalpoem youwillbecomepartoftime youwillalwaysbeyoungoryouryouthfulnesswillbeeverlasting willneverdisappear andyouwillneverloseyourbeauty andevenDeathshallnotboastthatyouareunderhiscontrol Detailedstudy eternalsummer metaphor immortal ever lasting youthfulness fade disappeargradually possession ownership thouow st youown youhave Death personification thedestroyeroflife brag boastabout wand restinhisshade walkaboutinhisdarkness beunderhiscontrol eternallines immortallinesofpoetrysuchasthelinesinthispoem totimethougrow st you llbecomeapartoftime you llgrowtogetherwithtime justastimethatlastsforever NorshallDeathbraythouwandrestinthisshade NorshallDeathboastthatyouroamaboutinhisdarkness i e youshallnotfallunderthethreatofDeath Here Death ispersonified thouwand rest thouwanderest Whenineternallinestotimethougrow st wheninimmortalpoetryyoubecomeevenwithtime Themainideaofthethirdquatrain Shakespearemakesfurtherattempttorevealthethemeofthepoembypointingoutthatwhenhisfriendiswritteninpoetry hisbeautywillbeaseverlastingastime Lines13 14 Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee Solonglivethis andthisgiveslifetothee Paraphrase Aslongasthereismanlivinginthisworld aslongasman seyescanseethings thispoemwillbeeternalanditwillalsomakeyouimmortal Detailedstudy this thispoem poetry Themainideaofthecouplet Thisisaconcludingcouplet expressingthathisfriendwillbeasimmortalasthispoem andmakesthethemeofthepoemevenclearerthatpoetryiseternal manisimmortalandhishumanistideaswillbeeverlasting indicatingShakespeare sstrongfaithinthepermanenceofthepoem Thebeautyinpoetrycanlastforeverandcanbringforththeeternalbeautytotheoneheloves Whatisgreatandeternalisthepoet seternalpoems i e literaturecangrowtotimeandcanchallengetime Thesonnetstartswiththecomparisonofmanandsummer andcomestoitsconclusionwithmanconqueringnature whichistypicalhumanistthought Topic5 Assignment 1 ReciteShakespeare sSonnet18 2 Discussthethemeofthepoem 3 Giveabriefcommentonthesonnetfromdifferentperspectives 4 Preview ParadiseLost Excerpt fromLine84toLine124inthetextbook