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1、第二部分第二部分 專題語法專題語法 高效突破高效突破專項專項 1212 簡單句簡單句高頻考點高頻考點精講精講考點考點 1 陳述句陳述句 定義:用來陳述一件事實或表達說話者看法的句子叫作陳述句,陳述句分為肯定句和否定句。1.肯定句肯定句肯定句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語謂語其他”。如:She went to the Great Wall yesterday.她昨天去了長城。2.否定句否定句肯定句變否定句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下:(1)be動詞的否定式。在be動詞后面加否定詞not。如:We arent classmates.我們不是同班同學。(2)情態(tài)動詞的否定式。在情態(tài)動詞后面直接加否定詞not。如:I cant
2、 speak English well.我英語說得不好。(3)實義動詞的否定式。借助助動詞do / does / did構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時的句子的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語doesnt / dont動詞原形其他”。如:He doesnt do exercise every day.他不是每天都做鍛煉?!咀⒁庾⒁狻?1)完全否定,常用not,no,no one,nobody,nothing,neither,none,never等詞表示完全否定。如:I will not eat supper tomorrow.我明天不吃晚飯了。Nobody knew him.(過去)沒人知道他。(2)部分否定,常用兩種形式表
3、示:用hardly,seldom,few,little等詞表示。 如:He seldom writes home.他很少給家里寫信。not和both,all,each,every,quite,always等連用表示部分否定。如:She does not always watch TV in the evening.她不總是在晚上看電視??键c考點 2 疑問句疑問句1.一般疑問句一般疑問句定義:以系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞開頭,可以用Yes / No來回答的疑問句叫一般疑問句。(1)基本結(jié)構(gòu)如下:Be+主語+其他?情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞原形+其他?助動詞+主語+動詞原形+其他?(2)回答:對一般疑問句
4、作肯定回答時,通常是“Yes,主語be / 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞”;作否定回答時,通常是“No,主語be / 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞not”,not一般與前面的詞語構(gòu)成縮略形式。如:Are you a doctor?你是醫(yī)生嗎?Yes,I am.是的,我是。No,Im not.不,我不是。Do you like playing football?你喜歡踢足球嗎?Yes,I do.是的,我喜歡。/No,I dont.不,我不喜歡。【注意注意】 一般疑問句通常是怎么問,怎么答,即用什么詞提問,就用什么詞回答,但有下列情況時除外: 用其他詞語代替yes或no來回答,從而使語氣變得客氣、委婉。如:Can
5、 you come and go to the park with me?你能與我一起去公園嗎?Im afraid not.I have a lot of homework to do.恐怕不行,我有很多作業(yè)要做。 否定的一般疑問句通常是以be動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞與not的縮略形式開頭,往往表示驚訝、贊嘆、懷疑等語氣。如:Dont you know that?(表示驚訝)你不知道那件事嗎?Yes,I do.不,我知道。/No,I dont.是的,我不知道。 對否定的一般疑問句作簡略回答時也用yes或no,但其漢語翻譯與其原意正好相反。2.特殊疑問句特殊疑問句定義:用特殊疑問詞引導的疑問句叫特
6、殊疑問句。特殊疑問詞包括疑問代詞、疑問副詞和由疑問詞構(gòu)成的疑問短語。特殊疑問句不能用Yes / No回答。(1)常用疑問代詞:what“什么”;who“誰”;whom“誰”(who的賓格);which“哪個”;whose“誰的”(提問物品的主人)。疑問代詞可以提問主語、 賓語、表語或定語。(2)常用疑問副詞:when“何時”;where“何地”;how“怎么”;why“為什么”。 疑問副詞提問狀語。(3)常用疑問短語:what time“什么時刻”;how many / much“多3 3. .選擇疑問句選擇疑問句概念概念形式形式對問題給出兩個或兩個以上答案,供對方選擇其一的疑問句 一般疑問句
7、or選擇項? 特殊疑問句選擇項or選擇項? 選擇疑問句不用yes或no回答,可用完整的陳述句或其簡略形式作答,也可用不定代詞all,either,neither或none作答,只要根據(jù)實際情況回答便可。如:Do you like apples or pears?你喜歡蘋果還是梨?Apples.蘋果。Which do you want to drink,tea or coffee?你想喝什么,茶還是咖啡?I prefer coffee.我更喜歡喝咖啡。4 4. .反意疑問句反意疑問句 定義:附加在陳述句后,對陳述內(nèi)容進行反問的句子叫反意疑問句(又稱附加問句),一般由兩部分組成:陳述句簡略問句?
8、結(jié)構(gòu)原則:“三同一反”原則。所謂“三同一反”原則,即:人稱相同、動詞相同、時態(tài)相同;前肯后否或前否后肯。如下表:形式形式例句例句肯定陳述句附加否定疑問句Lucy often goes to school on foot,doesnt she?露西經(jīng)常步行去上學,不是嗎?否定陳述句附加肯定疑問句You havent finished your work,have you?你還沒有完成工作,是嗎?形式形式例句例句Lets祈使句,shall we?Lets have a rest,shall we?咱們休息一下,好嗎?Let us祈使句,will you?Let us go to the mall,
9、will you?我們?nèi)ド虉?,可以嗎?肯定祈使句,will / wont you?Be sure to write to us,will you?你一定要給我們寫信,好嗎?Come to have dinner with us this evening,wont you?今晚來和我們一起吃飯,好嗎?否定祈使句,will you?Dont smoke in the meeting room,will you?不要在會議室抽煙,好嗎? (1)反意疑問句中常出現(xiàn)的特殊形式: 若陳述句中含有否定副詞never(從不,決不),hardly(幾乎不)或其他表示否定的代詞或副詞,如:nothing,none
10、,no one,nobody,neither,few,little,seldom等時,則附加問句只能用肯定形式。 陳述句是I think / I suppose / I believe / I consider等結(jié)構(gòu)時,問句一般與從句保持一致。注意否定前移。 陳述句主語是something / anything / everything / nothing等不定代詞時,反問句中代詞用it;陳述句主語是somebody / someone / anybody / anyone / everybody / everyone等時,反問句中代詞用they,she或he,注意問句中動詞的數(shù)應與they
11、/ she / he保持一致。 (2)對反義疑問句的回答: 不管陳述部分是肯定句還是否定句,若事實是肯定的,答語就要用yes;事實是否定的,答語就要用no。注意在“前否后肯”的反意疑問句的答語中,yes意為“不”,no意為“是的”。如:He didnt go to the meeting,did he?他沒有參加這次會議,是嗎?Yes,he did.不,他參加了。十年真題十年真題全練全練 近十年青島中考主要考查了句子的基本類型的用法。復習時要熟記四種基本類型,感嘆句、疑問句、祈使句和陳述句的構(gòu)成??v觀歷年的中考發(fā)現(xiàn),句式不會作為一個獨立的考查點,而是作為承載知識點的基本載體,所以在每一個題型中
12、都是必考的,也需要我們重點掌握。 考題重點考查疑問句,偶爾出現(xiàn)感嘆句和祈使句。但在綜合填空和閱讀表達也常出現(xiàn)??键c考點 2 疑問句疑問句1.2017青島,10題_C_ do you go to a movie? Twice a week. A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How far2.2016青島,3題 A do you usually share happiness with? My parents and my best friend. A.Who B.Whose C.What D.How3.2015青島,12題How many times _D
13、_Carl _ to the Great Wall? Only once. A.does;go B.did;go C.has;gone D.has;been4.2014青島,5題_A_ is it from your home to school? Its three miles. A.How far B.How long C.How big D.How high5.2013青島,8題Do you know C the girl in blue is? Im not sure.Maybe a teacher. A.whose B.how C.what D.which6.2012青島,21題_B
14、_ do the children take art lessons a week? Three or four times. A.How long B.How many times C.How soon D.How often7.2011青島,16題Could you please pass me the book? _C_. A.Yes,I could B.No,I couldnt C.Sure.Here you are D.No,thats no problem8.2011青島,22題Hello!Im very glad to see you.When _A_ you_ here? A.
15、did;arrive B.will;arrive C.have;arrived D.are;arriving9.2009青島,17題Mike,would you mind not wearing those old jeans? They look terrible. _A_. A.OK,Ill put on another pair B.OK,Ill take it C.Sorry,I wont be long D.Yes,please考點考點 3 感嘆句感嘆句10.2013青島,2題_B_ it is today! Yes.Shall we go hiking? A.How fine we
16、ather B.What fine weather C.What a fine weather D.How fine the weather 考點考點 4 祈使句祈使句 11.2014青島,6題 B away from the lake,boys.It is deep. A.Stays B.Stay C.Staying D.To stay猜押預測猜押預測1.Is the mobile phone new or old? _.I bought it only two days ago. A.Its old B.Its new C.Yes,it is D.No,it isnt2.Millie,_
17、do you take the course in DIY? Every Saturday afternoon. A.how long B.how far C.how much D.how often3._ is it from your home to your school? It is about 10 minutes ride. A.How long B.How soon C.How far D.How often4.He doesnt speak English or Japanese,_? _.He speaks Chinese. A.does he;Yes,he doesnt B
18、.doesnt he;No,he does C.does he;No,he doesnt D.does he;Yes,he doesBDCC5.Summy ate nothing for breakfast this morning,_? No,because she had a stomachache. A.isnt she B.was she C.didnt she D.did she6.What does your new classmate look like? _. A.He is from Australia B.He is tall and of medium build C.H
19、e is very nice to others D.He has a pair of blue shoes7.You didnt find the owner of the books,did you? _.So I gave them to our teacher. A.No,I did B.Yes,I didnt C.No,I didnt D.Yes,I did8._ interesting TV program Running Man is!I watch it every week. A.How B.What C.What a D.What anDBCD9.Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize. _ great she is!We Chinese are so proud of her. A.What a B.What C.How a D.How10.Tommy,_ play basketball in the street next time.You may get hit by a car. A.do B.dont C.must D.mustnt11._dressed now!We have to go in ten minutes. OK,Mom. A.Getting B.Get C.To get D.GetsDBB