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外文資料翻譯
Control Machine, On The Necessity Of The Reform
1 at the necessity of reform micro
Micro, nc machine tools are prominent than traditional superiority, and these advantages are from the numerical control system contains the power of computers.
The traditional machining process of complex curves and surfaces, etc.
Because computers are excellent operation ability, can be instantaneous accurately calculate the instantaneous should coordinate each exercise, so can exercise into complex compound curve or surface.
Can realize the automatic processing, and is flexible, thus to improve efficiency than traditional machine 3-7 times.
Because computers are memory and storage capacity, can input program, then remember and storage procedures according to the order to perform automatic, so as to realize automation. If you replace a CNC program, can realize the automation of another workpiece machining, thereby piece and small batch production automation, so called "flexible".
Machining parts of high precision, small size, which makes easy dispersion, no longer need to "repair match means".
Can achieve more processes, reduce the concentration of frequent in handling.
With automatic alarm, automatic control, automatic compensation of self-discipline function, thus realizing unattended processing for a long time.
The benefits derived from above five. Such as: reduce the labor intensity, save labor (a person can watch more tool machine), reduce the tooling, shorten the cycle of new product trial production cycle, and to make rapid reaction to market demand, etc.
These advantages is unimaginable, is a very significant breakthrough. In addition, the numerical control machine tools or pushing FMC (flexible manufacturing unit), FMS (FMS) and CIMS (computer integrated manufacturing system) enterprise informationization reform. CNC manufacturing automation technology has become the core technology and basic techniques.
2 macro see the necessity of reform
Macro, industrialized countries, people of mechanical industry, in the 1970s and early 1980s has started large-scale application of numerical control machine. Its essence is to use information technology, the traditional industry (including the army, and machinery industry). Except in the manufacturing process using nc machine tools, FMC, FMS, still include in product development and implementation of CAD, CAM, CAE, virtual manufacturing and production management in the implementation of the management information system (MIS), CIMS etc. In the production of products and the increase in information technology, including the content of artificial intelligence. Because of using information technology to foreign armies, people machinery industry in-depth reform (called information), eventually making their products in the international military and civilian goods market competitiveness greatly strengthened. And we in information technology to transform traditional industries in developed countries behind than about 20 years. If our machine, CNC ownership of the proportion of numerical control (rate) to 1995 only 1.9% in 1994, while Japan has reached by 20.8%, so every year there are lots of the import of mechanical and electronic products. This is from on macroscopic illustrates the necessity of nc reform.
Second, how to reform nc
1 the rise of industry transformation, and abroad
In the United States, Japan and Germany and other developed countries, their machine reconstruction, as a new economic growth industries, is in the golden age. Due to the machine as well as technology advances, machine reconstruction is a "eternal". Our machine reconstruction from old, also with numerical control technology industry into the new industry. In the United States, Japan, Germany, using CNC machine and production technical renovation has broad market, has formed a line of nc machine tools and new industry transformation. In the United States, machine tool called transformation industry. Remanufacturing (regeneration) The famous company engaged in renewable industry: Bertsche engineering Co., ayton machine Co., Devlieg - Bullavd (depot) services group, US equipment company, etc. American companies in China to open. In Japan, machine tools modification (called transformation industry Retrofitting). Engaged in the modification of the famous company has possession: Wei engineering group, three machinery company, p.dubois chiyoda machine company worker, wild zanretsuken engineering company, waterside field engineering company, morikawa engineering company, etc.
普通車床的數(shù)控化改造
機床進(jìn)行數(shù)控化改造的必要性。
首先從微觀看改造的必要性：
微觀上看，數(shù)控機床比傳統(tǒng)機床有以下突出的優(yōu)越性，而且這些優(yōu)越性均來自數(shù)控系統(tǒng)所包含的計算機的威力。
可以加工出傳統(tǒng)機床加工不出來的曲線、曲面等復(fù)雜的零件。
由于計算機有高超的運算能力，可以瞬時準(zhǔn)確地計算出每個坐標(biāo)軸瞬時應(yīng)該運動的運動量，因此可以復(fù)合成復(fù)雜的曲線或曲面。
可以實現(xiàn)加工的自動化，而且是柔性自動化，從而效率可比傳統(tǒng)機床提高3～7倍。
由于計算機有記憶和存儲能力，可以將輸入的程序記住和存儲下來，然后按程序規(guī)定的順序自動去執(zhí)行，從而實現(xiàn)自動化。數(shù)控機床只要更換一個程序，就可實現(xiàn)另一工件加工的自動化，從而使單件和小批生產(chǎn)得以自動化，故被稱為實現(xiàn)了“柔性自動化”。
加工零件的精度高，尺寸分散度小，使裝配容易，不再需要“修配”。
可實現(xiàn)多工序的集中，減少零件 在機床間的頻繁搬運。
擁有自動報警、自動監(jiān)控、自動補償?shù)榷喾N自律功能，因而可實現(xiàn)長時間無人看管加工。
由以上五條派生的好處。如：降低了工人的勞動強度，節(jié)省了勞動力（一個人可以看管多臺機床），減少了工裝，縮短了新產(chǎn)品試制周期和生產(chǎn)周期，可對市場需求作出快速反應(yīng)等等。
以上這些優(yōu)越性是前人想象不到的，是一個極為重大的突破。此外，機床數(shù)控化還是推行FMC（柔性制造單元）、FMS（柔性制造系統(tǒng)）以及CIMS（計算機集成制造系統(tǒng)）等企業(yè)信息化改造的基礎(chǔ)。數(shù)控技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為制造業(yè)自動化的核心技術(shù)和基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)。
其次宏觀看改造的必要性：
宏觀上看，工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家的軍、民機械工業(yè)，在70年代末、80年代初已開始大規(guī)模應(yīng)用數(shù)控機床。其本質(zhì)是，采用信息技術(shù)對傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)（包括軍、民機械工業(yè)）進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造。除在制造過程中采用數(shù)控機床、FMC、FMS外，還包括在產(chǎn)品開發(fā)中推行CAD、CAE、CAM、虛擬制造以及在生產(chǎn)管理中推行MIS（管理信息系統(tǒng)）、CIMS等等。以及在其生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品中增加信息技術(shù)，包括人工智能等的含量。由于采用信息技術(shù)對國外軍、民機械工業(yè)進(jìn)行深入改造（稱之為信息化），最終使得他們的產(chǎn)品在國際軍品和民品的市場上競爭力大為增強。而我們在信息技術(shù)改造傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)方面比發(fā)達(dá)國家約落后20年。如我國機床擁有量中，數(shù)控機床的比重（數(shù)控化率）到1995年只有1.9％，而日本在1994年已達(dá)20.8％，因此每年都有大量機電產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口。這也就從宏觀上說明了機床數(shù)控化改造的必要性。
如何進(jìn)行機床數(shù)控化改造
國外改造業(yè)的興起
在美國、日本和德國等發(fā)達(dá)國家，它們的機床改造作為新的經(jīng)濟增長行業(yè)，生意盎然，正處在黃金時代。由于機床以及技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步，機床改造是個"永恒"的課題。我國的機床改造業(yè)，也從老的行業(yè)進(jìn)入到以數(shù)控技術(shù)為主的新的行業(yè)。在美國、日本、德國，用數(shù)控技術(shù)改造機床和生產(chǎn)線具有廣闊的市場，已形成了機床和生產(chǎn)線數(shù)控改造的新的行業(yè)。在美國，機床改造業(yè)稱為機床再生（Remanufacturing）業(yè)。從事再生業(yè)的著名公司有：Bertsche工程公司、ayton機床公司、Devlieg-Bullavd（得寶）服務(wù)集團、US設(shè)備公司等。美國得寶公司已在中國開辦公司。在日本，機床改造業(yè)稱為機床改裝（Retrofitting）業(yè)。從事改裝業(yè)的著名公司有：大隈工程集團、崗三機械公司、千代田工機公司、野崎工程公司、濱田工程公司、山本工程公司等。?