高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣講義

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虛擬語(yǔ)氣 一 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念： If I were you, I would study English. 如果我是你，我就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。 May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀______的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀_______、_______或推測(cè)等。 二 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件從句中的用法: 1. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我們就去公園。 2. If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在這兒 ，一切都沒(méi)問(wèn)題了。 3. If it should snow/were to snow/ snowed heavily this evening, we would not have evening self-study. 如果今晚下大雪，我們將不上晚自習(xí)了。 4. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天見(jiàn)到你，他會(huì)問(wèn)你這件事的。(事實(shí)上他昨天沒(méi)見(jiàn)到你，因此也未能問(wèn)你這件事。) 條件句有兩類(lèi)，一類(lèi)是真實(shí)條件句，一類(lèi)是________條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是________，在這種真實(shí)條件句中的謂語(yǔ)用_______語(yǔ)氣，如第____句。 如果假設(shè)的情況是________或________都不存在的，或?qū)?lái)不大可能發(fā)生的，則是_______條件句，如第_________句。 從 句 主 句 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式一般用were） _______ _______ ______ _________(3d1t) + 動(dòng)詞原形 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 動(dòng)詞的___________ would/ should/ could/ might +__________________ 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，_____ + 動(dòng)詞原形，_______ + 動(dòng)詞原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 動(dòng)詞原形 難點(diǎn)一：錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬： If you had listened to the doctor, you ____________(be) all right now. If I _______(take) my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet through now. 有時(shí)________表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而主句卻表示與_____或_______的事實(shí)相反，即表示“如果_______…，現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)就會(huì)…”之意，這種虛擬形式叫錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 難點(diǎn)二：虛擬語(yǔ)氣的省略或倒裝: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. If you had taken my advice(______________________)，you wouldnt have failed in the exam. 如果虛擬條件從句中有_______，had(此處had必須是______動(dòng)詞) 或 _______，可以把_______省略，把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成倒裝。 難點(diǎn)三：含蓄虛擬條件句（用其它形式替代if 條件從句）： 1）有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示出來(lái)，而是通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。常見(jiàn)的介詞有________, but for( )等。如： Without air (If there_______ no air), there would be no living things. But for your help (If it _______ ________ for your help), I couldn’t have done it. 2）有時(shí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣體現(xiàn)在某些副詞上，如：but, or, or else, otherwise等。 I was busy that day. Otherwise I _________________(go)there with them. →(If I _____________ busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) I would have finished the work, but I was ill. →(If I ____________ ill, I would have finished the work.) He turned up at last, or we would have had to find another time for the meeting. 三．虛擬語(yǔ)氣中用(should) do 的情況 1. I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 2. It was required that the medicines _____________ (send) there by plane. 3. The order came that everybody _____________ (fight) against H1N1 flu. 4. His suggestion is that we ____________ (solve) the problem at once. 用來(lái)說(shuō)明 ________、命令、提議、請(qǐng)求、要求等動(dòng)詞或________內(nèi)容的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should) do 常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞和名詞有（在括號(hào)內(nèi)寫(xiě)出單詞的意思）：urge （ ） recommend（ ） require request demand（ ） insist（ ） suggest （ ） command（ ） order propose（ ） advise 等。recommendation, requirement, request, demand, suggestion, command, order, proposal, advice, etc. 注意：當(dāng)suggest表“________ ________”，insist表“_______ _______”時(shí)，應(yīng)使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 對(duì)比: His pale face suggested that he __________(be) ill. It’s suggested that the plan __________(carry) out. He insisted that he __________(not steal) the woman’s wallet. The doctor insisted that the patient ____________(operate) on at once. It is important that everyone (should) obey the law. It is strange that he (should) say so. It is essential that effective measures (should ) _____________(take) to improve learning efficiency. 歸納：句型 It is important/ strange/essential( )/自然的（ ） that 從句，從句中的 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_______________, ____________可省略。 四：幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法 1. 觀察以下wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，歸納出wish+賓語(yǔ)從句的用法。 How I wish I __________(be) a flying bird! He wishes he hadn’t made such a mistake. I wish I could go to space some day./ How I wish it would be fine tomorrow. 歸納： _____________, 表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反 wish+ _____________, 表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反 _____________, 表示與將來(lái)的事實(shí)相反 2. 觀察以下if only引導(dǎo)的從句，歸納出if only的用法。 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again! 區(qū)別：He will succeed only if he does his best. 歸納： _____________, 表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反 if only+ _____________, 表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反 _____________, 表示與將來(lái)的事實(shí)相反 3. 觀察以下as if/though引導(dǎo)的從句，歸納出as if/though的用法。 She loves the baby as if it __________(be) her own son. They talked as if they ________(be) friends for years, but in fact, they met only a few minutes ago. Many dark clouds gather in the sky. It looks as if it_______________(rain). 歸納： ________________, 表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反 as if/though+ ________________, 表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反 但是，當(dāng)說(shuō)話(huà)者認(rèn)為句子所屬的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生的或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)，as if/though后應(yīng)該用___________語(yǔ)氣。 4. 觀察以下would rather 引導(dǎo)的從句，歸納出would rather 的用法。 I would rather you __________(pay) me now. I would rather you_______________(not tell) me the truth just now. I would rather you______________(come) tomorrow. 歸納： _____________, 表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反 would rather+ _____________, 表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反 _____________, 表示與將來(lái)的事實(shí)相反 5. 觀察以下it’s (high/about) time (that)引導(dǎo)的從句，歸納出其用法。 When you can’t find time for a rest, it’s time you__________(need) a rest .(你該休息的時(shí)候) you should have a rest. 歸納：It’s (high/about) time (that) sb._________/___________ sth. 鞏固練習(xí) 1. If they ____ earlier than expected, they ____ here now. A. had started, would be B. started, might be C. had started, would have been D. will start, might have been 2. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way. A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do 3. I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then. A. could tell; if it had been B. must have told; were it C. should have told; had it been D. should have told; should it be 4. Without your help, we________ so much. A. won’ t achieve B. didn’t t achieve C. dont achieve D. wouldnt have achieved 5. He asks that he ________ an opportunity to explain why he’s refused to go there. A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given 6. It is important that we ________. A. shall close the window before we leave B. will close the window before we leave C. must close the window before we leave D. close the window before we leave 7. Do you think of Wang Fangs suggestion that he ________ Mr. Li to the party? A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. invite 8. Li Ming insisted that he ________ anything at all. A. hadn t stolen B. shouldn’t t steal C. doesn’t t steal D. steal 9. --Would you have called her up had it been possible? ---Yes, but I ____ busy doing my homework.. A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. His tired face suggested that he ________ really tired after the long walk. A. had been B. was C. be D. should be 11. He ________ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give 12. Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would come to see her. A. has she known B. had she known C. if she know D. if she has known 13. [2014重慶卷] It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ________ it? A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing 14. [2014安徽卷] People are recycling many things which they _____ away in the past! A．had thrown B．will be throwing C．were throwing D．would have thrown 15.[2014北京卷] We ________back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. A．a(chǎn)re B．were C．will be D．would be 16. [2014福建卷] ________no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A．Were there B．Had there been C．If there are D．If there have been 17. [2014湖南卷] If Mr. Dewey ________ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. A. were　　　　　B. had been C. should be D. was 18. [2014陜西卷] We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. A. would stay B. has stayed C. stayed D. stay 19. [2014天津卷] ____ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. A. Did he catch B. Should he catch C. Has he caught D. Had he caught 20. [2014浙江卷] They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help. A．would have come B．could come C．have come D．had come